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Effect of Treated Oily Waste Water of Khartoum Refinery on Nubian Goat Kids
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at Lubna I. A. Babiker, Hanan M. N. Gabril, Samia M.A. El Bedwi
and A.E. AminOne of the very many imposed environmental threats of the petroleum
industry internationally is its effluent of treated oily waste water
(TOWW), which was reported causing mortalities in small ruminants.
This study was carried out to investigate the toxic effects of TOWW of
Khartoum Refinery Company (KRC) on Nubian goat kids. Twenty-one
goat kids were divided into three groups: Group A (control), arranged in
1x3, and B and C (test groups) arranged in 2x3x3. Each test group was
divided into three subgroups; B1, B2 and B3 and C1, C2 and C3. Groups
B and C were watered for 6 weeks from KRC oxidation ponds II and III,
respectively, diluted at ratios of 1:0, 1:1 and 1:2 with tap water respective
to subgroups 1, 2 and 3. The control group was tap watered. All groups
were fed on a basal ration of 2.86 Mcal ME/kg and crude protein 20.88%
energy concentration meeting goat daily requirements. Clinical signs and
mortalities were daily observed. Body weights were recorded fortnightly.
Blood and serum samples were collected fortnightly for haematological
(RBCs, Hb, PCV, WBCs and their differentials) and serum metabolites
(glucose, total protein, albumin and globulin), enzymes (AST and ALP)
and electrolytes (Ca, P, Co, Cu, Fe and Mn) examinations. Organs
samples for histopathological investigations were collected on post
mortem examinations or in extremis slaughter. All test groups
significantly (P≤ 0.05) lost weight with variations in the total water
consumption and similar average water consumption for all subgroups
except C3 (P≤0.05). All test groups showed decreased appetite, diarrhoea,
weakness and partial paralysis. The mortality was 100%, 66.6% and
33.3% in subgroups C1, C2 and C3, respectively. The mortality was
66.6% in subgroup B3 and 33.3% in each of B2 or B1. Haematologically,
test goats were neither anaemic nor infected with haemodilutions
(P≤0.05) in subgroups B3, C2 and C3. All test groups showed congestion
or haemorrhage in the intestinal submucosa, with detachment of
epithelium or detachment of the villi, in response to the osmotic
diarrhoea. All test groups showed no significant (P>0.05) changes in
serum metabolites, electrolytes or serum enzymes, but livers were
congested, stressed and engorged. Bile and kidney showed shrinkage,
necrosis of the glomeruli, congestion and haemorrhage in the cortical and
medullary tubules. These signs were indications of intensive mineral
excretion. It is concluded that TOWW from KRC has toxic effects on
Nubian goat kids judged by the early mortalities and by the clinical signs
of diarrhoea and recumbency, metabolic disturbances in the liver with
histopathological changes in various body systems. It is recommended
that TOWW initial concentration be restored by addition of equivalent
water to reduce or abolish its toxic manifestations
Role of Rural Women in Natural Resources Management in South Kordofan State
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] issue of gender mainstreaming has become a major concern over the
past years in Sudan, where the country is weak in strategies, policies and
legal frameworks that support the women's rights. Despite that, woman
plays a key role in rural areas that depend on non-wood forest products
(NWFPs) through responsibilities in decision making, meetings,
extension, motivation and outlook within the milieu of natural resources.
The objective of this study was to examine the role of women in rural
areas in forest management. Data were collected, using semi-structured
interviews of household heads, in twenty-two villages. The sample size
was three hundred households, distributed among the administrative units
of Rashad Locality, South Kordofan State, according to the principle of
population proportional to size. Data were summarized using descriptive
statistics and cross tabulation. The results are presented in form of
percentages, frequencies, tables and pie charts. They revealed a highly
significant influence of women's on forest harvesting and processing.
More than 58 % of the women were involved in both activities compared
with 29% and 12.5% of men in te two activities, respectively. Meanwhile,
the majority of them are subsistence poor farmers who suffer scarcity of
food supplies and health care. Therefore, they count on NWFPs which
provide them with critical subsistence in addition to job opportunity,
especially during the dry season when other alternatives are not available.
The study recommended more emphasis be laid on the potential role of
NWFPs and on the ability of women to participate in public forum and
contribute to both rural development and objectives of biodiversity
conservation
Mobile Banking Application for Students Registration
No full textMobile Banking Application for Students Registratio
الماء الممغنط وإمكانية إستخدامه فى تغذية أبقار اللبن
No full textالماء الممغنط وإمكانية إستخدامه فى تغذية أبقار اللب
المشاكل والتحديات التي تواجه صناعة اللحوم في السودان
No full textالمشاكل والتحديات التي تواجه صناعة اللحوم في السودا
