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Assessment of Groundwater Resource in West of El Teti Area South West Of Dongla Northern State Sudan
No full textAssessment of Groundwater Resource in West of El Teti Area South West Of Dongla Northern State SudanAssessment of Groundwater Resource in West of El Teti Area South West Of Dongla Northern State Suda
Effect of Transition Period and Supplementation of Vitamins and Selenium on Physiological Responses of Crossbred Dairy Cows
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] dairy industry in Sudan is based on native breeds, crossbreeds and
pure exogenous imported cattle. Development of effective management
strategies to alleviate the adverse effects of physiological status and
impacts of thermal and nutritional stresses requires basic and applied
research work. In dairy cows, the periparturient period presents major
physiological challenges as it is affected by metabolic stressors and
changes in endocrine status and immune function which result in
increased risk of diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the
physiological changes which occur during the periparturient period in
crossbred dairy cows. It was, also, intended to provide information
regarding the potentials of supplementation with vitamins and selenium
during the transition period. Twenty-four clinically healthy cows were
assigned to 3 groups of 8 cows each, a control group and two treated
groups, which received parenterally vitamin E and selenium (Vit. E + Se)
or multivitamins: A, D and E (MY). The cows were monitored for 8
weeks before and 4 weeks after calving. The postpartum decrease in body
weight of cows was more pronounced in the control group. The calf birth
weight was significantly higher in the supplemented groups. PCV and Hb
concentration decreased during the periparturient period; cows
supplemented with Vit E+ Se had higher PCV values during the transition
period. The total leukocyte count (TLC), neutrophil and eosinophil ratios
increased, whereas lymphocyte ratio decreased at parturition and
postpartum period. Supplementation with vitamins and Se decreased
TLC, neutrophil and eosinophil ratios and increased lymphocyte ratio.
Plasma total protein, albumin and urea levels decreased at parturition, the
decrease was more pronounced in the control group. The triglyceride and
cholesterol levels decreased at parturition and postpartum period with no
effect of supplementation. Plasma Na increased at parturition and
decreased postpartum in all experimental groups. Plasma P decreased at
parturition and increased postpartum. Plasma Mg decreased at parturition
and postpartum in all experimental groups. The activity of transferase
enzymes (AST and ALT) increased at parturition with no effect of
supplementation. Plasma insulin decreased at parturition in all
experimental groups. The information generated could be used in
monitoring the nutritional status and health of dairy cows. Antioxidants,
including vitamins and Se, could be used to confer protection and enhance
immunity of cows, particularly during the transition period, characterized
by metabolic stress and immunosuppression
Effect of Reused Salt and Biocide Preservation Method on Some Chemical Characteristics of Sheep Leather
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at G. A. M. Kudit1, I. A. Nour2, G. A. Gasmelseed3 and A.E Musa3The objectives of this study were to improve and reduce the cost of
preservation of skin under humid condition (South Sudan), where the
preservation by drying is a problem and the salt is rare and expensive. The
effects of different levels of reused salt and added biocide on some
physical characteristics of sheep leather were evaluated. Thirty six pieces
of raw sheep skins were obtained from Alkadero slaughterhouse.
According to the type of salt, level of added biocide and method of
preservation used, the pieces of raw sheepskins were allocated into 9
groups. Three groups received dry salting without biocide viz, 30%
(control), 25% dry salting and 30% dry reused salt. Six groups were wet
salted in brine of 30% and 25% reused salt viz and 3 level of biocide
(0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6%). All skins were cured, chrome tanned and the
finished leathers were tested for the physical properties. The results
showed that the leathers preserved by 25% brine of reused salt with 0.2%
biocide gave the best results for thickness (1.4 mm), elongation (39.45%),
tear strength (71.72 kg/cm) and grain crack strength (9.66 kg) compared
to other treatments. The cost of curing per kilogram of raw skin was 0.30
SDG (0.06) for the 25% brine of
reused salt with 0.2% biocide. The study concluded that the method of
25% brine of reused salt with 0.2% biocide is a cheap alternative
preservation method for skin curing under humid conditions
Determination of Number of Cane Hauling Units Based on Grade Ability Index at New Halfa Sugar Factory, Sudan
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the University of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at Zuhair Hassan Osman Elhaj Ahmed1 and Mohamed Abaker Ahmed2The main objective of this study was to find the adequate number of cane
haulage (transport) units, as a function of grade ability (ability to go up
slope). The study was conducted at New Halfa Sugar Factory, with a cane
crushing rate of 5000 tons/day. A 150 hp tractor was used on 1 km
hauling route as the most critical grade from the second main center up to
the unloading platform. The route was divided into four sections with
different grades. The grade of each section was measured with surveying
equipment. The road combined resistance, that has to be overcome by the
hauling unit, is the sum of the route grade and the coefficient of rolling
resistance. As per literature, the coefficient of rolling resistance is
assumed to be 0.02 for all sections. The tractor was run on different gear
meshes to determine its grade ability at different speeds. The total
operation time, function of gear mesh and road combined resistance were
determined and used to calculate hauling unit production rate. The
factory crushing rate was divided by the hauling unit production rate to
get the number of hauling units. Two replicates (route conditions) were
used; namely, treated (stabilized) and non-treated. As a result, the
required number of hauling units was 5 and 6 for treated and nontreated
routes, respectively. Out of 36 gears in the tractor gear box, the
number of gears actually used was 2 and 3 for treated and non - treated
routes, respectively. This makes the use of tractor with standard gear box
in cane hauling questionable; a simple gear box with three or four gear
may suffice. The study recommends that similar studies should be
conducted at other sugarcane factories, with different route conditions and
crushing rates; and that the grade ability index be included in tractor test
code
إنتاج الإيثانول والآثار المتوقعة على إنتاج الأعلاف والمنتجات الحيوانية
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at Mohamed makiبدأ إنتاج الإيثناول بكميات تجارية فى البرازيل عام 1970 ثم تبعته
الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية ومن ثم إنتشر إنتاجه فى كثير من بلدان
العالم خلال العقدين الماضيين . هنالك أسباب ودوافع أدت إلى الإتجاه
إلى الطاقة البديلة أهمها التغيرات المناخية العالمية التى نجمت عن
ظاهرة الإحتباس الحرارى ولعله الجدير بالذكر أن تلك الظواهر تنعكس
بصفة مباشرة أو غير مباشرة على أوضاع الإنتاج والإستهلاك
للمنتجات لا سيما صناعة الأعلاف التى بدورها لها تأثير مباشر على
إقتصاديات إنتاج اللحوم والألبان والدواجن . تناولت هذه الورقة أيضاً
أوضاع الإنتاج الحيوانى بالسودان والدول العربية وأهمية إستغلال المواد
العلفية المتاحة من أجل إنتاج أعلاف بتكلفة معقولة تمكن من زيادة
الإنتاج فى مجالات الإنتاج الحيوانى مما لاشك فيه ان إنتاج الإيثانول
من المولاس يقلل من فرص الإستفادة من المواد العلفية المتاحة التى
يمكن إستغلالها للإنتاج خاصة وأن المولاس يعتبر مصدر رخيص
للطاقة يمكن الإستفادة منه لتقليل الإعتماد على الحبوب لا سيما فى
تغذية المجترات وكذلك الحد من تنافس الإنسان والحيوان للحصول على
مصادر للطاقة . أيضاً أجرت الورقة مقارنة بين إقتصاديات إنتاج
الإيثانول واللحوم وإتضح من خلال ذلك أن الجدوى الإقتصادية لإنتاج
اللحوم تعتبر خياراً أفض
Protective Efficacy of Doramectin Against Experimental Infestation with Hyalomma anatolicum in Rabbits
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] objective of this study was to determine the protective efficacy of
doramectin against experimental infestation with Hyalomma anatolicum
in rabbits. The drug was subcutaneously injected in rabbits at a dose rate
of 1 mg/kg body weight, 2 days and 4 days before infestation. The results
showed that there was highly significant decrease in weight of engorged
female ticks (0.0616±0.0371g) compared with the control (0.3646±0.1424
g), in the weight of egg batch produced, decreased hatchability percentage
by 19.83% on day 4 post–injection. The two groups showed significant
prolongation of feeding and pre-oviposition periods and decreased
oviposition periods. In the two groups, the estimated reproductive factor
was significantly reduced, and inhibition of oviposition was 15.45% on
day 2 post-injection and 90.79% on day 4 post-injection. It is concluded
that doramectin gives protection against tick infestation as well as
treatment in animals exposed to ticks
Food Security and Poverty Status Among Farmers in the Traditional Rain-fed Sector in North Kordofan State, Sudan
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the University of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at Ibrahim Elnour Ibrahim1, Mohammed Ahmed Al-feel2
and Adam Elhag Ahmed3This paper aimed to assess the food security and poverty status of farming
households to measure poverty incidence, severity, poverty gap, and
income inequality. Data were collected from 205 farmers in four
Localities; namely, Sheikan, Umrwaba, Elnuhoud and Elkhowei, North
Kordofan State, using a random sampling technique. The household food
security can be modeled in the framework of food energy intake and
direct caloric intake (person/day and non-consumed foods). The Foster-
Greer-Thorbecke was used to measure poverty. It combines information
on the extent of poverty as measured by the head count ratio, the intensity
of poverty as measured by the total poverty gap and inequality among the
poor as measured by the Gini and the coefficient of variation for the poor.
The results showed that the majority (61%) of the respondents were food
insecure. In total sample households, the incidence of poverty, average
poverty gap and square poverty gap were 68.8%, 37.3% and 20.3%,
respectively, when the 1 US$ a day index was applied. The estimated
Gini coefficient was 48.7%
Some Aspects of Climate Changes and Impacts on Human Livelihoods
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] is consensus among scientists and development professionals that
the climate is changing as a result of human induced activities associated
with land use and fossil fuel consumption. The human activities resulted
in increasing emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse
gases (GHGs). Taking the year 1850 as a baseline year, the emissions of
CO2 gradually increased reaching a level of alarming concentration
particularly during the last seventeen decades than its state over 750 years
before year 1850. Carbon dioxide concentration was stable within 180–
280 ppm over long periods up to early 1900s, but its stability within these
limits was disturbed leading to a progressive increase up to 450 ppm at
present. Increasing temperature and declining annual rainfall amount are
strongly associated with CO2 increase. The resulting impacts are clearly
observed in natural resources degradation which in turn affects human
livelihood and well being. The negative impact of the changing climate on
human life is reflected in scarcity of water resources, loss of agricultural
land, decline in agricultural productivity, decrease in forests and plant
cover and losses in livestock resources. Conflicts are becoming obvious
results, causing human displacement and loss of lives. The objective of
the present paper is to review those issues of climate changes and their
impacts on human resources and livelihoods. Some examples of responses
and measures taken towards mitigation of these threatening aspects are
highlighted. Conclusions and recommendations are presented in order to
be adopted by decision makers and land use practitioners at national and
State levels in Sudan
Where Things Do not Fall Apart
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the University of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] Salih’s narrative the centre holds. The village can take whatever the outside world
throws its way without losing its distinctive identity. Salih is advocating, and celebrating,
the village’s inclusiveness and tolerance, while pride in culture and heritage is the central
message being sent. In contrast, the Igbo pre-modern world is portrayed in Achebe’s work
as a tragic place, a world that was losing its own identity and facing an inevitable defeat in
the battle against forces of colonisation and westernisation. Wad-Hamid, however, suffers
no such fate. It persists more or less in its pre-colonial worldview, only marginally affected
by the colonial encounter. It continues to believe in its saints and spirits, to maintain its
traditions and assimilate or reject the outside world on its own terms. Its language, religion
and culture escape intact. Things do not fall apart; instead, there is a place for strangers
and all sort of influences. But these influences do not blow away the whole edifice and its
inhabitants as happened in Achebe’s village; rather, they become ornaments and positive
additions to the existing reality as they melt into it