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Assessment of Essential Competencies for Agricultural Extension Workers in Khartoum State
No full textThis study aimed mainly (i) to investigate the professional competencies needed
by the agricultural extension workers in Khartoum State and the factors affecting them
and (ii) to reach some recommendations that can help in improving competencies of the
agricultural extension workers. The study was mainly based on primary data collected
from the 43 extension workers in Khartoum State. The data were collected by means of a
questionnaire and personal interviews. Simple statistics were used to describe the
different variables of the study. Chi-square test was also applied to identify relationships
between some selected variables of the study. The results revealed that most of the
extension workers were in need of training in most of the studied competencies. The
findings also showed that among the variables, that significantly contributed to the level
of extension workers’ performance, were extension workers' current tasks, their
educational level and period and type of training. Based on these findings, it is
recommended that (i) in designing extension plans, it is necessary to include diversified
training in terms of methods and contents and (ii) due consideration should be given to
training needs assessment
Effect of Terminal Heat Stress on Performance of Five Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Genotypes Grown Under Semi-arid Conditions of Sudan
No full textThe objective of this study was to investigate the performance of five faba bean
(Vicia faba L.) genotypes under end-of-season heat stress in the Demonstration Farm,
Faculty of Agriculture, Shambat-Sudan. Two sowing dates were used; namely, optimum
sowing date (15 November) and late sowing date (15 December) to induce heat stress at
the end of the season. A split plot design with three replicates was used to lay out the
experiment. Terminal heat stress (late sowing) reduced the number of pods/plant, number
of seeds/pod and 100-seed weight by 26%, whereas the reduction in seed yield/plant and
seed yield/ha was 46%. Under terminal heat stress, the genotype Hudeiba/93 gave the
highest yield (2090.0 kg/ha) and the genotype Shabah gave the lowest yield (1198.8
kg/ha). The yield/ha for the genotypes under the optimum sowing was 3023.2 kg and
2987.2 kg, respectively. Under the optimum sowing date, the genotype Basabier gave the
highest yield/ha (4053.5 kg/ha) whereas the genotype Ed-Damar gave the lowest yield
(2768.7 kg/ha). The genotype × sowing date interaction showed significant differences
for yield/ha. It is concluded that, although the genotypes showed great variability for the
effect of end-season heat, any delay in faba bean sowing date will significantly reduce
yield, irrespective of the genotypes used
تأثير مشروع منظمة الساحل البريطانية في تنمية الرحل بولاية جنوب كردفان
No full textمنظمة الساحل البر طٌان ةٌ ه إحدى منظمات التنم ةٌ الر فٌ ةٌ الت تشارن ف تنم ةٌ الرحل ف السودان . تعتمد المنظمة على منهج المشاركة لتمك نٌ المجموعات
المستهدفة من المشاركة فى تنم ةٌ مجتمعاتهم . هدفت هذه الدراسة للتعرف على تاث رٌ
مشروع منظمة الساحل البر طٌان ةٌ فى تنم ةٌ الرحل بولا ةٌ جنوب كردفان . لتحم كٌ أهداف
الدراسة جمعت ب اٌنات أول ةٌ وثانو ةٌ ، الب اٌنات الأول ةٌ عن طر كٌ المسح الم دٌان الذي
شمل 60 أسرة عن طر كٌ الع نٌة الصدف ةٌ الحص ةٌ )تمت معا نٌتهم وجها لوجه( لملء
الإستبانة المعدة لجمع الب اٌنات بالإضافة للاجتماعات. كما جمعت ب اٌنات ثانو ةٌ من
المراجع ووثائك المشروع والمصادر الأخرى ذات الصلة . حللت الب اٌنات عن طر كٌ
المحوسب . SPSS الإحصاء الوصف )النسبة المئو ةٌ والتكرارات( بالاستعانة ببرنامج
توصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج أهمها: 58.4 % من المبحوث نٌ أم نٌٌ ، و 100 % إشتركوا
ف تحد دٌ احت اٌجاتهم أثناء برنامج المنظمة ، و 100 % تلموا تدر بٌا من المنظمة ، و
%93 أكدوا على توف رٌ المنظمة مصادراً للم اٌه ، و 33 % إلترحوا الاهتمام بالخدمات
الصح ةٌ. أوضحت نتائج الدراسة أن منظمة الساحل البر طٌان ةٌ لد نجحت ف تحر نٌ
مجتمع الرحل وحممت لدراً معتبراً من التحول الالتصادي والاجتماع بمنطمة الدراسة .
كان تأث رٌ ذلن ملحوظا فى الخدمات الت لدمتها المنظمة بمنطمة الدراسة كخدمات الم اٌه
وإعادة تخط طٌ مسارات الرحل وبعض الأنشطة الثماف ةٌ ، ورغم ذلن هنالن تدن ف التعل مٌ وخدمات الصحة . لتحم كٌ أداء أفضل للمنظمة مستمبلاً ، أوصت الدراسة بز اٌدة
تأه لٌ وتفع لٌ لجان الخدمات لتشمل كل مكونات المشروع الاجتماع ةٌ ، التعل مٌ ةٌ ،
الصح ةٌ...الخ
Effect of Gymnarchus niloticus (Weer) Fish Body Weight on Total Body Length, Body Components and Fillet Meat Quality
No full textThe objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of Gymnarchus niloticus
(Weer) body weights (1, 2 and 3 kg), on body length, body components and flesh quality.
Twenty four fishes were used. Fish body measurements, weights of body components,
proximate chemical composition, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss,
shrinkage, oxidative rancidity, total bacterial count and sensory evaluation were
determined. Increasing G. niloticus body weight resulted in a significant (P≤0.05)
increase of the fish total length and weights of body components but, the internal organs
and fins percentage were significantly (P≤0.05) decreased and the skin and fillet
percentage increased but not significantly (P>0.05). The light weight (1kg) gave a higher
moisture percentage and slightly lower, protein, fat and ash percentages while the heavy
groups (2 kg and 3 kg) gave the highest lightness (L*), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*)
colour values and protein, fat, ash percentages but lower moisture percentage and
improved WHC. Cooking loss and shrinkage percentages were significantly decreased
while oxidative rancidity and total bacteria count were significantly (P≤0.05) increased
and the sensory evaluation was not significantly different The medium body weight (2
kg) gave the highest panel scores compared with the low and high weights. Gymnarchus
niloticus has good processing characteristics and quality
Socio-economic Impact of Transboundry Animal Diseases and Role of Global Health Standards in Mitigating their Adverse Effects
No full textTransboundry animal diseases (TADs) are those diseases of significant and
essential impact on the economy, trade and/or food scarcity of a group of countries;
which can easily spread to other countries and reach epidemic proportions; and where
control/management, including exclusion requires cooperation between several
countries. TADs have direct effect on socio-economic status and trade among countries.
The occurrence of TADs in a country or region depends on many factors that include
climate, geographic location, isolation, pattern of livestock keeping and method of
production and existence of disease control measures. OIE develops and publishes two
types of international health standards for animals and animal products – trade and
biological standards. OIE process for developing and updating standards is flexible and
rapid compared to the procedures of some other international organizations. Importantly,
it provides a basis for continuous improvement to standards as new scientific
information comes to light. The health measures described in Volume 2 of the
Terrestrial Code and in Sections 8 to 11 of the Aquatic Code are designed to prevent the
disease in question being introduced into an importing country by taking into account
the nature of the commodity and the animal health status of the exporting country. In the
current trend of globalization, animal health measures have increasing importance to
facilitate safe international trade of animals and animal products while avoiding
unnecessary impediments to trade. In light of this, the Agreement on the Application of
Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) encourages the members of the
World Trade Organization (WTO) to base their sanitary measures on international
standards, guidelines and recommendations, set by organizations known as the ‘three
sisters’ namely OIE, WHO and FAO which develop international standards,
recommendations and guidelines for animal and plant health and human health (food
safety). Outsourcing is one situation in which developing countries that are able to adopt
standards, processes, and language of developed countries can benefit from the
liberalization of the movement of goods and services, by undertaking some or all
components of production or service provision for clients/consumers in the developed
country, some economic benefits may occur to the developing country where the
‘outsourced’ service is provided
Effect of Sowing Some Range Species on the Production of Desertified Rangelands in Sinnar State/ Sudan
No full textA study was conducted at Elsuki site 50 kms, south of Sinnar town at the eastern bank of
the Blue Nile, for two seasons (2005/06 and 2006/07) to evaluate the effect of some
management practices on desertified rangelands in Sinnar State under rainfed conditions.
The design used was complete randomized design with six replicaes. The pasture species
were two pasture legumes namely: Rhyncosia memnonia (irg eldam) and Zornia
gluchidiata (shilini). Two grasses namely Barachiaria lata (zabarta) and Cenchrus
ciliaris (haskaneet). Each replicate was divided into (10×40 m) plots, and the pasture
species were assigned randomly to the plots. Measurement of plant density, composition,
ground cover, frequency, forage quality and forage yield were carried out. Soil physical
characters (soil silt, clay, and sand contents) and chemical analysis (pH, Ece, N, P, Ca, K,
Mg, HCO3, CO) were determined. Generally, the sown pasture species had no significant
effect on total plant density, and native species density with the exception of Zornia
gluchidiata which was unable to compete with other species and completely disappeared
after one month. The highest plant composition and frequency was recorded for
Barachiaria lata, Sorghum spp. and Rhyncosia memnonia. Treatments had no significant
effect on ground cover and soil analysis attributes. The highest crude protein per cent was
scored by Rhyncosia memnonia, and the highest crude fiber per cent was recorded for
Zornia gluchidiata. Among pasture species, Barachiaria lata scored the highest forage
yield
Effects of Shelterbelt on Soil Temperature, Soil Moisture and Vegetable Yield in a Semi-desert Environment Along the River Nile State, Sudan
No full textTwo studies were carried out in two sites: The first one dealt with common
vegetable crops grown behind a one - raw shelterbelt in Shendi University experimental
farm for three consecutive seasons. The yields of the test crops were significantly higher
behind the shelterbelt row than the unsheltered plots viz: 33.9% for egg plant, 32.7% for
kidney bean, 21.8% for potato, 29.4% for snake melon and 5.4% for sweet pepper. This
indicates the importance of using shelter belts in desert cultivation. The second study was
done in three shelterbelts: Wad Kilian, Altragma Algaba and Abdotab. In each locality,
the average shelterbelt heights were measured to fix the distance between the belt and
sampling points viz: 5×shelter belt height ,10 × shelter belt height, 15× shelter belt
height, 20× shelter belt height and 30× shelter belt height. Distances in front of the belt
were 2.5 × height, 5 × height, and 10 × height. In addition, one soil sample was taken
from inside the belt. Soil temperature was taken from inside the belt. Soil temperature
was measured in situ with a thermometer. Soil samples were taken at 50 cm depth in
polyethylene bags to measure soil moisture content in the laboratory. Sand dune
accumulation was reduced in the vicinity of the belts. It is recommended that shelter belts
and wind breaks be established in arid and semi-arid zones to protect against land
degradation and desertification
Utilization of Composted Baggase, Water Hyacinth and Banana Wastes in Reclamation of Desert Soils. I. Effects on Yield and Nutrients Uptake
No full textGrowing wheat in hyper-arid lands requires improvement of physical and
chemical soil properties. This study aimed at determining the effects of manual
incorporation of composts from banana, water hyacinth and baggase into the top 0-30
cm layer of a desert soil on wheat yield and straw nutrient (N, P and K) contents during
the 2010 and 2011 seasons. The results showed that increase in grain yield (over the
control) was in the order of water hyacinth compost (49%) > banana compost (24%) >
inorganic fertilizer (6%). Application of baggase compost significantly reduced grain
yield by 56% as compared with the control. Straw dry matter yield was significantly
higher in banana, water hyacinth and baggase composts than the control by 67%, 62%
and 28%, respectively. Straw from plants treated with compost from water hyacinth had
significantly higher N content (0.3%) than those treated with baggase and banana
composts. Content of P in plots treated with water hyacinth and banana had significantly
similar values to inorganic fertilizer and higher than the control and baggase treated
plots by 32% to 50%. However, straw K content was not significantly affected by
compost application. This study indicated that incorporation of composts form water
hyacinth and banana wastes is an alternative useful management practice for
amelioration of desert soils