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Assessment of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in the Blue Nile Region, Sudan (1996-2005), Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
No full textLand use/land cover (LU/LC) changes, particularly deforestation and land
degradation, are one of the challenges that face the forest sector in Sudan and create the
need for well-designed information systems and management plans. To cope with this
issue, the efficiency of successive forest inventories was tested in the Blue Nile region, in
particular Karkoj map sheet. Part of the data was obtained from a field survey conducted
within the framework of an AFRICOVER project in 1996. In order to estimate the
changes, a field mission was executed in 2005 to revisit the same plots determined
previously. Earth Observation (EO) data in form of LANDSAT scenes were used to
assess the estimated results achieved, based on the terrestrial forest inventories. For
precise estimate, the EO data were taken in periods which coincide with the field survey
data acquisition dates and season. At the LU/LC information level, the results obtained
from the two applied methods were highly correlated. Meanwhile, the results taken from
the two successive inventories (1996 and 2005) gave detailed information about the
vegetation cover (e.g. species composition, regeneration, age, etc.). In the map sheet
under investigation, the results showed that forest land was drastically decreased from
47.1% to 17.7% during the studied time period. Moreover, the study indicated that some
of valuable tree species disappeared (12 tree species were recorded in 1996 compared
with only 5 in 2005), and the number of stems per unit area also decreased from 116 to
105 per hectare. The conversion of forest into agricultural fields and grassland was a
main force of deforestation. In conclusion, remote sensing and GIS are efficient tools to
estimate the large-scale LU/LC and its dynamics in timely and cost-effective manner
Sustainable Community- based Management of Natural Forests in El Ain Area, North Kordofan State, Sudan
No full textThe broad objective of this research was to tackle the effect of policies on the
management of natural resources to guarantee the sustainability of the resource use. The
research hypothesis was that the forest resources in El Ain area could be managed
through the participatory approach in such a way that it is environmentally sound,
sustainable and socially acceptable and fulfills the objectives of rural development. This
study uses both primary and secondary data. The source of the secondary data used
included El Ain natural forest management projects' documents and consultancies. The
primary data were collected using key informants' interview, farmer's interview, foresters'
questionnaire, natural regeneration assessment and participatory rapid appraisal. The
statistical analysis was commenced through exploratory manipulations of the data. This
process was accomplished by critically examining the data through the use of simple
techniques of analysis. The main tools were construction of simple tables, graphs and
selected cross-tabulations. The results showed that there were some factors that affected
community–based natural forests management. The main ones were the local physical
conditions, the socio-economics, the roles and responsibilities of the institutes for
integrated management of forest resources and identification of social, cultural and
gender issues
نتائج الامتحانات النهائية والملاحق والبدائل لبرامج التعليم عن بعد والدبلومات الوسيطة 2012-2013
No full textنتائج الامتحانات النهائية والملاحق والبدائل لبرامج التعليم عن بعد والدبلومات الوسيطة 2012-201
احصائية بنتائج الامتحانات التي عرضت علي مجلس الدراسات الاساسية والهندسية في اجتماع رقم 61-2014
No full textاحصائية بنتائج الامتحانات التي عرضت علي مجلس الدراسات الاساسية والهندسية في اجتماع رقم 61-201
احصائية بنتائج الامتحانات التي عرضت علي مجلس الدراسات الزراعية والبيطرية في اجتماع رقم 62-2013
No full textاحصائية بنتائج الامتحانات التي عرضت علي مجلس الدراسات الزراعية والبيطرية في اجتماع رقم 62-201
Aspects of youth language in Khartoum
No full textAspects of youth language in KhartoumYouth languages have been a hot issue in linguistics ever
since
H
ALLIDAY
's (1976) seminal introduction
of “anti
-
languages” as a concept. According to Hall
iday, an anti
-
language is created by some kind of anti
-
society. Its main function is to create and maintain social structure through conversation, just as everyday
language does. Yet, it differs from other forms of everyday language in that some features o
f the social
structure are made more salient. This gives the anti
-
language a special
characters in which metaphorical
modes are
the norm occurring at the different levels of linguistic analysis (
e.g.
phonological, morphological,
lexical, and semantic). Youth languages have been a hot issue in linguistics ever
since
H
ALLIDAY
's (1976) seminal introduction
of “anti
-
languages” as a concept. According to Hall
iday, an anti
-
language is created by some kind of anti
-
society. Its main function is to create and maintain social structure through conversation, just as everyday
language does. Yet, it differs from other forms of everyday language in that some features o
f the social
structure are made more salient. This gives the anti
-
language a special
characters in which metaphorical
modes are
the norm occurring at the different levels of linguistic analysis (
e.g.
phonological, morphological,
lexical, and semantic)
Language M aintenance and Shift in Dilling and Khartoum
No full textLanguage Maintenance and Shift in Dilling and KhartoumThis paper investigates the process of language maintenance and language shift among ethnic
minority groups living in
Dilling city, the Nuba Mountains, and
Khartoum, the capital
city
of
Sudan.
A 22
-
item questionnaire was used to collect data on language proficiency, language
use, and language attitude. The results show that a considerable number of younger
-
generation migrants have adopted Arabic as their primary language. Arabic was also used
p
redominantly in most domains of communication. Although m
any
respondents showed a
positive attitude to their ethnic languages, they actually did not make any efforts to maintain
them.
The analysis suggests that language shift to Arabic in Dilling is more p
ronounced than
that in Khartoum. The main reason behind this difference is that a
significant
portion of the
sample population in Khartoum belongs to the Southern groups who proved to be bigger in
size, more
homogeneous
, and highly proud of their ethnic an
d cultural identity. Another
possible reason is that while ethnic individuals from the same groups tend to live together in
certain areas
in
Khartoum, those in Dilling
live in
scattered areas around the cit
Inducibl e clindamycin resistance and nasal carriage rates o f Staphylococcus aureus among healthcare workers and community members
No full textNasal carriage of
Staphylococcus aureus
plays an important role in the epidemiology and
pathogenesis of infection and is becoming an increa
sing problem among healthcare
workers and in the healthy community individuals
1,2
. General populations are persistent
S. aureus
nasal carriage rates at 10% to 20%,
2,3
and up to 50% are intermittent carriers
3
.
Furthermore, carrier levels of 25% have been report
ed among hospital healthcare
workersBackground:
Nasal carriage of
Staphylococcus aureus
is becoming an increasing problem
among healthcare workers and community individuals
Objectives:
To determine the prevalence of methicillin,resista
nt
S. aureus
(MRSA) nasal
colonization and inducible clindamycin resistance
(ICR) of
S. aureus
among healthcare
workers at Soba University Hospital and community m
embers in Khartoum State,
Sudan.
Methods:
Five hundred nasal swabs samples were collected du
ring March 2009 to April
2010. Isolates were identified using conventional l
aboratory assays and MRSA were
determined by the disk diffusion method. The D,test
was performed for detection of
ICR isolates with Clinical Laboratory Standard Inst
itute guidelines.
Results:
Of the 114
S. aureus
isolated, 20.2% represented MRSA. The occurrence o
f
MRSA were significantly higher among healthcare wor
ker than community individuals
[32.7% (18/55) vs. 6.9% (5/59)] (p=0.001). Overall
the 114
S. aureus
isolates tested for
ICR by D,test, 29 (25.4%) were yielded inducible
resistance. Significantly higher
(p=0.026) ICR was detected among MRSA (43.5%) than
methicillin,susceptible
S. aureus
(MSSA) (20.9%).
Conclusion:
Elevating of MRSA nasal carriage among healthcare w
orkers needs
infection control practice in hospitals to prevent
transmission of MRSA. The occurrence
of ICR in
S. aureus
is of a great concern, D, test should be carried o
ut routinely in our
hospitals to avoid therapeutic failur