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Stewart's Strong ion Model Application in Calves and Young Camels with Experimentally Induced Metabolic A2015cidosis
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] of acid-base status in the body has been accomplished traditionally with Henderson-Hasselbalch model: pH = pK + Ig[HCO3-]/ [a.PCO2]. Stewart criticized this model as incomplete. He described a new model with three primary variables: P002, [Strong ion difference = SID] and [Acid total = Atot]. in calves and young camels a non-respiratory acidosis was induced experimentally and acid-base status was evaluated with parameters of both model
Language Policy, Displacement and Education in South Darfur
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] chapter focuses on the aspects of language policy in the Sudan and the way it affects the educational attainment of school children coming from language minorities in Darfur as well as how the current conflict resulted in the emergence of negative attitudes towards Arabic, the sole medium of instruction statewide. To this end, the chapter investigates the extent to which linguistic minority children’s low proficiency in Arabic hampered, on the one side, their learning achievement and, and on the other side, how textbooks designed for these children exacerbated their learning difficulties. In addition, the chapter explores attitudes of parents and teachers towards Arabic, the sole medium of instruction at basic level1. The sample of the study comprised of two groups. The first group was represented by 324 young pupils (aged 6 – 10 years) studying in one school in Nyala town and in another at Kalma camp as well as 105 teachers teaching at the IDPs Schools. The second group was represented by 30 parent and 20 teacher interviewees who were living at the camps and in Nyala town. Different quantitative and qualitative data collection methodologies were used to collect the relevant data. The quantitative data were obtained via a test given to the pupils, their final end of year examination records and by administering a structured questionnaire to the teachers (the first group). The qualitative data were gleaned from observations and interviews with teachers and parents (the second group). The study found that the level of Arabic proficiency among the Internally Displaced Persons’ (IDPs) children studying at the IDPs schools was very low. Therefore, the pupils suffered from lack of effective teacher-pupil interaction. Teaching in Arabic as a sole medium of education was also found to be a major factor in producing unfavourable learning environments for the children. Furthermore, the vast majority of the teachers and parents were found inclined to have native languages accommodated while teaching limited-Arabic proficient children. The emergence of this attitude was attributed to the simmering ethnic-based fragmentations which coincided with the eruption of the current conflict in Darfur
An Overview uf Sudan Language Pulley and Planning
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] paper gives an overview of Sudan language policy and planning.
Efforts made to address the problem of language in Sudan will be the main
focus of the paper. We discuss the problem of language in two different
periods: colonial period and the post-colonial one. Language of education,
arabicisation of education and the status of indigenous Sudanese languages
are among the issues specifically addressed by this paper. A number of
efforts made by Sudans successive governm~ cuts to organise the use of
language/languages in different domains will also be reviewed. The paper
emphasises on the prolonged debate on Arabicisation between scholars and
decision makers in the North and the South. The paper concludes that
'mdigenous languages in Sudan (North and South) will remain marginalised
and that Arabic will maintain its dominance in the North while English will
gradually assume the role of a hegemonic language in the Sout
Red -neck ostrich (Struthio carnelus) nutrition: digestibility values of a sorghum -based concentrate
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum to get the full text please contact the other at ahmed el [email protected] captive red -neck ostrich chicks were fed an ostrich finisher
ration basel on dura sorghum and sorghum gluten meal as the preformed
plant protein. A preliminary feeding period of 7 days was allowed and
followed by
3
days
collection period.
Digestibilities
of the
chemical
components of the ration were determined. 'fl he coefficient of apparent
ration dry -matter digestibility
was
79.98% and TIM value was74.38°,
10.
Results were compared with relevant literature
Toxic effects of the dried leaves and stem of Dried stern of Commis was given 025 oncgroey 14 and Capparis tomentosa on Nubian goats
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum to get the full text please contact the other at ahmed [email protected] goats were given single or repeated dOsages 01 5, 2.5 and 025 g/kg of dried leaves or
conceneatien, red blood cell (R. 13 C.)
and *Isle
blood cell M. B. C.) counts.
stem of
C. tomentosa
by drench and died or were slaughtered at various times post -dosing. One
Mean corpuscular vol-
goat receiving Capparis stem at 2.5 g/kg on every other day basis for 8 days developed signs of
wrie CM. C. V.) arid mean corpwculer heernoglobe,
concentration
(M.
C. H. C.) wore rneesured
toxicosis and recovered to/lowing cessation of plant administration. The prominent features of
1965).
toxicity were inappetence, locomotor disturbances, paresis especially of the fund limbs and
Histological rrethods Al necropsy all goats were ex-
recumbency. Lesions comprised perineuronal vacuolat ion in the gray matter of the spinal cord at
amined for gross lesions and sampled el eampOund
the sacral region. Centrilobular hepatocellutar necrosis, degeneration of the renal proximal convo-
stomach.
intestines,
liver.
kidneys,
heart,
kings.
luted and collecting tubules, sorous atrophy of the cardiac fat and renal pelvis and straw-coloured
spleen. brain, Spinal cord, and peripheral nerveS were
fluid in serous cavities. In Capparis-led goats, anaemia developed and the results of kidney and
minedialoy fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin
liver function tests were correlated with clinical abnormalities and pathologic changes.
and paraffin sections were stained mth haematoxylin
and noun (I-1 & E).
AHMED, S. A. R., A. E. AMIN, S. E. I. ADAM und H. -J. HAPKE (1993): Toxische Effekte der
trockenen Stetter und des Stammes von
Capparis tomentosa
bei Nubischen Ziegen
Evaluation of the study on Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for Juba Hydropower Project
No full textAs similar to the other two studies (for Sue and kinyeti hydropower projects) Juba Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study is composed of thirteen chapters following the same sequence from Chapter one (Introduction) to chapter 13 (Conclusion) and ended by the list of references. The first four chapters are almost identical in contents for the three projects except in specific information concerning the project name and location map mentioned in the “Project Overview”. The Juba Project is located at 4.5 Km from Juba on White Nile River in Central Equatoria State of Southern Sudan
PAPER 26 RED -NECKED os-nacn (STRunflo CAMELUS) NORMAL CLINICAL AND CLINICO-CliEMIC.AL VALUES
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum to get the full text please contact the other atThe
clinical and dinico-chemical
parameters were
erden (1912a) found that normal body temperature
determined in 14 captive red -necked ostriches aged
was 39.4°C while Theiler (1912) found that normal
about 2-3 wks for a period of 16 wks. Heart rate, re-
body temperature at the age of 7 months ranged be-
spiratory rate and body temperature were recorded.
tween 38.1-39.4°C, but Hinshow (1954), high 8c Hart-
No age specific variation was observed in body tem-
ley (1965) and Louw
et at
(1969) recorded that nor-
perature. It was not affected by ambient temperature,
mal body temperature for adult ostrich was 378-38.9,
and remained in the range of 37.5- 41.8°C throughout.
38.3-40.2 and 37.9-40.7°C respectively. Brown & Prior
Blood parameters including Hb. PCV, RBC and WBC
(1998) found that body temperature of chicks between
counts were also studied in healthy ostrich pertaining
one and five days old were not significantly influenced
to different ages with resultant non -significant differ-
by ambient temperature between 13-28°C. Body tem-
ences between the groups. The normal values of ALP,
perature of chicks between I and 5 days old average
LDII, AST, CK, total albumin, total bilirubin, creatinine,
between 37.6 and 39.0°C, and chicks between 2
and
15
glucose and the minerals sodium and potassium were
days old maintained body temperature of 37.7 to 40.2°C
determined in the sera of the birds. The changes in
at ambient temperature ranging from 14.5 to 35.8°C.
these parameters remained within established normal
Respiratory and heart rates vary with body mass.
ranges and could not be considered significan
Urea Transport across the Rumen Epithelium is Electrically Silent and Modulated by Changes in pH
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum to get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] ruminants, recycling of urea has been established as a key
element in the nitrogen balance of these animals (Fig 1).
Secretion of urea by the rumen epithelium is linearly related to the
rumen-blood concentration gradient and has been studied both in
vivo and in vitro (Simmonet et al., 1957, Gärtner et al., 1961; v.
Engelhardt und Nickel, 1965; Houpt and Houpt, 1968), but the
route is unclear. Classically, transport via non-specific diffusion
was assumed. But recently, UT mRNA and protein have been
demonstrated (Ritzhaupt et al., 1997; 1998; Marini et al., 2004 )
with corresponding staining in membranes of all epithelial layers
of the bovine rumen with the exception of the stratum corneum
(Stewart et al. (2005). Since SGLT1 has been demonstrated in the
rumen (Aschenbach et al., 2000), substitution for glucose in this
(electrogenic) transporter also appears a possibility (Leung et al.,
2000). In this study, urea fluxes were studied under varying
conditions in order to find out more about the transport of urea
across the rume
Problem Based Learning Workshop
No full textThe Objectives
By the end of the workshop participants will be able to
Prepare Problems
Prepare Problem Based Learning Tutorial Process
Design problems scenarios in a variety forms
Critically reflect on what they have learned from the experience of being PBL
tutor
—
Contents (Steps in the PBL process)
PBL Roles & Responsibilities
PBL and Nursing Education
Roles of the group members (Facilitator Role -A Student Role)
Dimensions of PBL that might vary
Features of Problem-Based Learning
Class Structure and Forma
Characterization, Fractionation and Functional Studies on Some Acacia Gums.
No full text2003Some Acacia gums (A.senegal, A.seyal, A.polyacantha, A.laeta and A.mellifera) were subjected to investigation (characterization, fractionation and functional studies). In order to illustrate some of the information required for identification and differentiation between A.senegal gum and the four most important Acacia gums produced in the Sudan. Characterization of above mentioned gums (moisture contents, ash content, pH, viscosity, intrinsic viscosity, specific rotation, equivalent weight, uronic acid content, mineral composition and amino acid composition) was carried out and the data obtained reflect the compositional differences between these gums. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) fractionation was also carried out for A.senegal, A.seyal, A.polyacantha, and A.laeta and the fractions obtained were characterized to asses some of the structural features of these gums. The results revealed some differences in the fraction recovery as well as, the nitrogen content, molecular weight , molecular weight distribution, amino acids and emulsifying properties of the fractions. The molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution of the five Acacia gums were also determined. The data obtained shows that A.seyal was found to have the highest molecular weight followed by A.mellifera, A.laeta, A.polyacantha and then A. senegal. The emulsifying properties of these Acacia gums were also studied at different concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20%). The most amazing results obtained shows that: using 5% and 20% gum solutions gave almost the same emulsifying properties in all gums studied. And that the five Acacia gums differ in their emulsifying stability. The rheological properties of those gums (flow behaviour and the oscillation measurement) were determined at different concentration (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%). And the results revealed that A.senegal exhibits a Newtonian behaviour at most of the concentrations studied, A.laeta and A.mellifera exhibited a slight shear thinning, whereas, A.polyacantha showed a clear shear thinning behaviour. And the oscillation measurements also showed the same differences between these gums. The effect of aging on the flow behaviour and the oscillation measurement of the three acacia gums were also studied. And the data obtained shows that A.senegal was the most stable gum followed by A.polyacantha, whereas, A.laeta showed inconsistency in the flow behaviour where the viscosity increased with age then decreased. A.senegal oscillation measurements showed a semi-concentrated solution behaviour for fresh and three days age then the solution become a dilute solution after six days and again a concentrated solution after nine days. A.polyacantha gum was a gel like solution when fresh at the concentration under investigation and kept as gel solution through out the period of the study. A.laeta was a semi-concentrated solution when fresh then become a gel solution after three days and slightly transformed to concentrated solution again after six and nine daysUniversity of Khartou