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Predictions of Soil Profile of Different Zones of Sudan using Artificial Neural Network
No full textPredictions of Soil Profile of Different
Zones of Sudan using Artificial Neural
NetworkThe purpose of this paper is to predict the soil profile at different location of the Sudan
depending on available data. This importance in the design and
implementation of all engineering projects which reduce cost and time. Artificial
Neural Networks (ANNs) program is applied to realize this aim. Sudan was divided
into five zones according to data collected from 417 sites. Ten models for each zone
were constructed and run. The input data is the coordinate and depth and the
output data is the soil classification and soil parameters. The result showed
that ANNs can be used as a good decision support and source of information for soils
profiles. It is efficient tools to be used for limited area
FINITE ELEMENT AND DIRECT DESIGN METHOD IN COMBINED TORSION, BENDING AND SHEAR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
No full textFINITE ELEMENT AND DIRECT DESIGN METHOD IN COMBINED TORSION BENDING AND SHEAR OF REINFORCED CONCRETEFINITE ELEMENT AND DIRECT DESIGN METHOD IN COMBINED TORSION BENDING AND SHEAR OF REINFORCED CONCRET
Part III Encounters with Modernity, Sudan and Sudan–Ethiopia borderlands
No full textPart III
Encounters with Modernity,
Sudan and Sudan–Ethiopia
borderland
Assessment of Groundwater Resource in West of El Teti Area South West Of Dongla
No full textAssessment of Groundwater Resource in West of El Teti Area South West Of Dongla Northern State Sudan3Assessment of Groundwater Resource in West of El Teti Area South West Of Dongla Northern State Sudan
Effect of Low Voltage Electrical Stimulation on the Meat Quality Attributes of Beef of Western Baggara Bulls, Sudan
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at soad elmahiA study was designed to examine the effectiveness of low voltage (80 V)
electrical stimulation (ES) in improving meat quality of the western
Baggara bulls. Twenty-eight beef bulls, 5-6 years old and of live weights
ranging between 320 and 350 kg were used. Fourteen were subjected to
ES with 80V, 10 minutes post-slaughter for 30 seconds and 14 were
unstimulated (NES) as control. The pH and temperature were monitored
every hour for the first 10 hours and subsequently at 24 hours. Carcasses
were chilled at 2˚C for 24 hours and Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle
samples were dissected between the 9th and 12th rib, for analysis. The low
voltage ES resulted in a significantly (P≤0.05) rapid pH decline, while the
muscle temperature was still higher at the first 3hour post-mortem than
the control. ES had no significant (P>0.05) effect on the proximate
chemical composition (protein, fat, moisture and ash) and the lightness
(L*) - colour co-ordinate of the LD muscle. The percentage of extractable
myofibrillar proteins increased significantly (P≤0.05) but redness (a*) and
yellowness (b*) decreased significantly (P≤0.05) in the ES muscles. The
colour, flavour, tenderness and juiciness panel scores increased
significantly (P≤0.05) in ES LD muscles in contrast with the NES ones.
The application of ES to beef carcasses from elderly western Baggara
bulls enhanced meat tenderness and could be beneficial for the meat
industry by increasing the value and quality of this sort of carcass
A Survey on Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases of Cattle with Particular Reference to East Coast Fever in Fangak County, Jongeli State, South Sudan
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] study was carried out in Fangak County at four localities: Hai
Toggar, Bichol kun village and Hai Moaazkerfoqu in Phoumpayam
locality as suspected areas for East Coast fever (ECF) (Group A) and Kuerkan in Manjangpayams non suspected area for ECF (Group B).
These groups A and B were based on animal movement, trade business
and intermarriages (animals paid for dowry). The study aimed to identify
the tick species prevalent in the area and the impact of ethnoveterinary
practice to ticks responsible for transmission of tick-borne diseases
(TBDs) with emphasis on ECF. A total of 391 ticks, 150 sera and 150
blood smears were collected from cattle of different age groups. A total of
120 serum samples were tested using indirect Polymorphic
Immunodominant Molecule (PIM) ELISA to detect Theileria parva
antibodies. The results indicated that 5/44 (11.4%) samples from non
suspected area (group B) and 48/76 (63.2%) samples from suspected area
(Group A) revealed antibodies. The overall positivity was 53/120
(44.17%) which was highly significant (P≤0.001) but insignificant
correlation with sex, age and coat colour of the animals. Three tick genera
and seven species were recorded. The genera were Amblyomma,
Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus. The species were A. variegatum, A.
lepidum, H. rufipes, R. (B.) decoloratus, R. (B.) annulatus, R. e. evertsi
and R. sanguineus. The most abundant tick species were A. variegatum,
R. (B.) decoloratus, H. rufipes and R. (B.) annulatus constituting 64.7%,
12.8%, 6.7% and 5.6%, respectively. The lowest ticks recorded were R. e.
evertsi with prevalence rates of 1.3%, A. lepidum 4.3% and R. sanguineus
4.6%. These results were not significant (P> 0.05) for locations, sex, age
groups and animal coat colour. The male and female ticks represented
65.5% and 34.5%, respectively. No blood pathogens for TBDs were
detected, while four (0.03%) animals were positive for trypanosomes. The
outcome of the questionnaires showed poor knowledge on ECF and its
vector in the area. It is concluded that there is no R. appendiculatus in
Fangak area; while T. parva antibodies were detected. The prevalence of
other TBD vectors needs to be elucidated by further work in this area
دراسات فى فسیولوجیا الحاصلات البستانیة وتقنیة ما بعد الحصاد
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the University of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at أبوبكر علي أبوالجوخھدفت ھذه الدراسات لمتابعة التغیرات الفیزیائیة والكیمیائیة أثناء نمو
وتطور الثمار لتحدید الدرجة المثلى للقطف ، ومقارنة طرق الحصاد
التقلیدي للثمار بطرق محسنة ، وتأثیر غازات الإثیلین والإستیلین ومادة
الأثریل في إنضاج الثمار. ھذا بالإضافة إلى تأثیر التشمیع ، والمعاملة
1- وبرمنجنات MCP 2,4,5- و T بحمض الجبرلین والمالیك ھیدرزاید و
البوتاسیوم و "البیورافیل" وتبطین العبوات والخزن في جو ھوائي معدل
على جودة وتقلیل الفواقد وطول الفترة التسویقیة والتخزینیة لثمار الموز
والمانجو والجوافة والباباي والقریب فروت واللیمون البلدي والطماطم
والشمام والتمور. أوضحت النتائج زیادة مضطردة حتى مرحلة إكتمال
النمو الفسیولوجي في أوزان ثمار المانجو والقریب فروت والباباي
والشمام وبالتالي ضرورة حصاد ھذه الثمار عند إكتمال النمو الفسیولوجي
على الأقل ، حیث تصل الثمار إلى أكبر حجم ووزن لھا وتكون صلبة
في قوامھا وتنفسھا في أدنى معدلاتھ وتكون السكریات بنسب مقبولة
والمواد الفینولیة في أقل مستویاتھا. تزید فعالیة إنزیم البكتین إستیریز
وتبلغ ذروتھا قبیل ذروة التنفس ثم تتناقص بعد ذلك . أما إنزیمات (PE)
فتزید فعالیتھا على الدوام (Cellulase) والسلیولیز (PG) البولي قلاكتیرونیز
أثناء نضج الثمار ، مع علاقة وثیقة بلیونة ثمار المانجو والجوافة
والطماطم والشمام . أدت الطرق المحسنة لحصاد المانجو والقریب فروت
والباباي والتمور إلى تأخیر نضج الثمار وتقلیص فواقدھا وتحسین جودتھا
وإطالة عمرھا التسویقي ، مقارنة بحصاد الثمار بالطرق التقلیدیة . أدت
معاملة الثمار بغازات الإثیلین والإستیلین ومادة الأثریل لزیادة سرعة
إنضاج ثمار الموز والمانجو والجوافة ، فقد وصلت مرحلة النضج في
حوالي 3 أیام مقارنة بحوالي 14 یوماً في الثمار غیر المعاملة . كما أدى
تشمیع ثمار المانجو والجوافة والقریب فروت واللیمون البلدي والطماطم
إلى خفض معدلات تنفسھا وفقدھا للماء وتأخیر نضجھا والاحتفاظ بجودتھا
وبمحتواھا من حمض الأسكوربیك وتقلیل فواقدھا وإطالة فترة تسویقھا
وتخزینھا . وكان لمعاملة ثمار المانجو والجوافة والباباي والطماطم بالمالیك
ھیدرزاید والتشمیع تأثیراً واضحاً في تأخیر نضج الثمار والمحافظة على
جودتھا وإطالة عمرھا التسویقي . وأدت معاملة ثمار الجوافة واللیمون
2,4,5- والتشمیع إلى تأخیر النضج والشیخوخة T البلدي بحمض الجبرلین و
في الثمار والمحافظة على الجودة وإطالة فترة التخزین . كما أدت معاملة
ثمار الموز بحمض الجبرلین وبرمنجنات البوتاسیوم و "البیورافیل" و - 1
وتبطین العبوات بشرائح البولي إثیلین والخزن في جو ھوائي MCP
معدل إلى تأخیر نضج الثمار والمحافظة على جودتھا وتقلیل الفواقد فیھا
وإطالة فترة تسویقھا
Properties and Pulping Potentialities of Oxytenanthera abyssinica Grown at Two Locations in Sudan
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] research was carried out to study the wood properties and pulping
potentialities of Oxytenanthera abyssinica (bamboo) grown at two
locations in Sudan. Standard methods of studying wood properties were
followed for the collected specimens of bamboo from the Blue Nile and
Khartoum States. Pulping trials were conducted using soda anthraquinone
process (10%-12% sodium hydroxide and 0.1% anthraquinone–based on
NaOH weight). Analysis of variance and mean separation, using
Duncan’s multiple range test, were performed on the collected data. The
results showed that geographical location has significant effects on the
physical properties and fiber characteristics of bamboo. The cellulose and
lignin contents of bamboo from the Blue Nile State were significantly
higher (62.3%, 25.1%) than those of bamboo from Khartoum State
(60.1%, 21.5%). Also, the results showed that the concentration of active
alkali level could change yield of pulp. Using soda anthraquinone pulping
method to treat bamboo enables reduction of the active alkali level to 10%
instead of 12% at 165°C and gave higher yield of pulp and lower kappa
number