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Periodontal Manifestations of Systemic Diseases
No full textThe mouth, including the periodontium, can be the site of presentation of many systemic
conditions, as well as disease of local origin. The treatment of caries and periodontal
disease make up the bulk of modern dental practice. In a compliant patient, successful
treatment of conventional periodontal disease would be the expected outcome.
However, systemic disease presenting at this site will be unresponsive to conventional
therapy, and the dentist should be aware of potential causes so that an appropriate
referral can be made for specialist assessme
Writing a successful grant proposal
No full textIn this interactive session, Prof. Melanie Newport and Prof. Gail Davey will demystify the
grant application process. Using examples from a range of successful applications, they
will cover identification of appropriate calls, translation of an idea into a research
question, developing a methodology, drafting a budget and ‘grantsmanship’. Participants
are encouraged to bring their ‘in process’ applications as material to work on.
Newport and Davey have served on review panels and grant-making committees of the
Wellcome Trust, the UK Medical Research Council and the Royal Society of Tropical
Medicine & Hygiene. They have written scores of applications between them, and have
supervised Masters and PhD students to successful application
Molecular and Immunological Characterization of Malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) in Central Sudan
No full textتتواجدالملاريا في أكثر من مائة بلدا واقليما. كما ان أكثر من 40 ٪ من سكان العالم عرضة لخطر الإصابة بمرض الملاريا. ا الملاريا الخبييثة من نوع فالسبرم هى من اكثر أسباب حلات الاصابة و الوفيات ، ومن بين 300 و 500 مليون حالة جديدة من حالات الملاريا تحدث في كل عام نتجة للملايا الخبية 1- 3000000حالة وفاة ،و معظمهم من الأطفال الأفارقة دون سن الخامسة. الأفراد الذين يعيشون في المناطق التى تتوطن بها الملاريا يمكن تقسيم حالات الاصابة لديهم حسب الاعراض المرضية، ملاريا غير عرضية وملاريا عرضية وقسمت العرضية الى ملاريا خفيفة وملاريا خبيية وهذه التغيرات في نمط المرض تعزى إلى عدد من العوامل المختلفة ، سواء البيئية والوراثية .
الهدف الاساسى من هذه الدراسة تحديد ما اذا كانت التحكم الجينى له دورا مؤثر فى ظهور الاعراض المرضية، الاستجابة المناعية ومستوي تواجد الطفيل في الدم في مرضى الملاريا الخبيثة من نوع فالسبرم باستخدام جينات انترليوكين -4 كدلالة لذل
Effect of Parity, Lactation Stage and Season on Camel Milk Composition in Khartoum State, Sudan
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected]
study
was
carried
out
on
15
sho:camels
(came/us
dromedarius)
reared in natural grazing in the area of Nile East, Khartoum
State,
to
investigate
the
effect
of number of lactation
(parity number;
three
parities),
lactation
stage
(1-8
and
9-18
month
of lactation)
and
season of sampling (winter or summer) on camel milk composition. The
overall means of milk constituents (and their standard deviations) were
I0.98%(±0.72) for total solids, 0.82%(±0.04) for ash, 3.82%(±0.315) for
lactose,
3.01%(±0.086)
for
fat,
3.19%(±0.164)
for
protein,
0.78g/1
(
0.027)
for
sodium,
1.48g/I
(±0.014)
tbr
phosphorus
and
1.56g/1
(10.024) for calcium. The value of total solids recorded in the third parity
was
high
(11.97%),
increased
significantly
(P--0.05)
during
lactation
stage of 9-18
month and
was significant
(13--0.05)
in winter compared
with the summer. Ash content was increased significantly (P<0.05) from
0.75% to 0.89% during lactation stage of 9-18 month.
In contrast, ash
was not affected by parity number or season. Moreover, lactose content
was increased significantly (P<0.05) in the third parity to be 4.24% but it
was
not
affected
by
lactation
stage
or
season.
Sodium
content
was
affected by parity number and lactation stage but not affected by season.
Fat, protein, phosphorus and calcium contents were not affected by parity
number, lactation stage and season
Methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus intermedius isolated from routine veterinary microbiological diagnostics
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] present study was designed to investigate methicillin resistant S. intermedius (MRSI) that had been isolated during routine veterinary microbiological diagnostics between Septem-ber 2004 and September 2005 phenotypically and genotypically for resistance properties. The species identity of the MRSI and selected methicillin sensitive S. intermedius (MSSI), used for control purposes, were confirmed by conventional methods and by PCR mediated amplification of S. intermedius specific segments of thermonuclease encoding gene nuc. All 33 MRSI, representing approximately 4 % of the S. intermedius isolated during the study period were oxacillin/methicillin and penicillin resistant using disk diffusion tests and reacted positively by multiplex PCR detection of the resistance genes mecA and b/aZ. The MRSI were also resistant to 7 up to 18 individual antibiotics indicating their multidrug resistancy. The MRSI of the present study were additionally examined by commercial MRSA-detection tests such as latex agglutination for detection PBP2a and growth on CHROMagar MRSA and oxacillin resistant screening agar base, partially indicating the usefulness of these screening tests also for S. intermedius. The MRSI were also studied for the distribution of virulence genes, namely siet and se-int encoding S. intermedius specific exfoliative toxin and entero-toxin respectively, yielding positive results for more than 57 % of the strains investigated
The processing properties, chemical characteristics and acceptability of yoghurt made from non traditional animals
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] present study was conducted to process yoghurt from non traditional sources of milk. Milk from sheep, camel and goat were examined for compositional content before the processing. Milk powder was additionally used for processing yoghurt as a control. The processing was done by adding 2.5► of the starter culture to worm milk (41° C) and the inoculated milk was distributed into plastic cups and incubated at 37° C. The incubation time was found as 3-4, 16-18, 3-4 and 3 hours, for sheep, camel, goat and powder milk, respectively. The consistency of yoghurt was observed to be firm, watery, slightly firm and firm, respectively. Samples of the produced yoghurt were then stored in refrigerator for 10 days. The compositional quality and pH were examined four times during the storage period. The p11 showed non significant differences (P>0.05) between yoghurt from the different species. The compositional properties of the produced yoghurt showed significantly (P<0.01) high fat content in yoghurt made from sheep, goat and powder milk. Camel yoghurt showed significantly (p<0.05) lower fat, protein and ash content. Sheep yoghurt was significantly different (p<0.01) in ash content. The total solids content was found to be (P<0.01) higher in sheep and powder yoghurt. On other hand as judged by the panelists, the sensory evaluation of the yoghurt produced from the milk of these three species revealed high acceptability in comparison to powder milk yoghurt. Further investigations were carried out to evaluate the sensory properties of goat yoghurt, powder milk and the mixture of bot
Observations On Production, Laboratory Testing And Field Application Of 1-2 Thermo Stable Newcastle Disease Vaccine In The Sudan
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the University of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] the present study, a working seed of the Newcastle disease (ND) thermostable vaccine (I-2) vaccine (supplied by ACIAR, Australia) was prepared in Sudan (CVRL, Khartoum). Experimental trials were conducted to determine safety, potency and the effect of age of chickens, route of administration and dose on the immunogenicity of the vaccine. Vaccination of chicks at 2 and 3 weeks old yielded better immune response and higher protection rates as compared to 1 day and 1 week. Boostering of chicks resulted in a relatively better (p< 0.05) immune response in all age groups as compared to those vaccinated once. With regard to dose, total protection against challenge infection was attained when chicks were vaccinated with double the recommended dose of the vaccine via the intraocular route (I/O). The I/O route was found to be superior to the intranasal (I/N) which was confirmed to be better than the drinking water (D/W) route as observed from antibody titers and percent protection after challenge. Comparison of the doses involved using half, recommended, dquble and four times the dose of the 1-2 vaccine, proved that even half the dose resulted in a reasonable immune response and protection. Moreover, using double or even four times the dose gave 100% protection without resulting in any adverse post vaccinal reactions. Field vaccination trials of village chickens (Baladi) by the D/W, I/O and I/N routes using 1-2 vaccine showed better immune response for 1/0 route as compared to other routes. The immune response was superior when the 1-2 vaccine was used as compared to Komarov vaccine. Use of the thermostable vaccine of ND (112) was proved-from results of this work- very reliable, as it was safe, highly immunogenic and protective. Experiences in distribution of the vaccine and vaccination of village chickens are discusse
GGWI Sudan
No full textThis study is prepared based on elements including citation of previous work, published literature, forestry sector review, reference to policies and laws, Forest Management Plans that covers 1935-2025, review of National Strategies, development sectors policies and plans, and numerous interviews, questionnaires of previous communications and meetings with farmers, nomads and village communities in connections with similar studies to the present one. In addition, use is made of previous inventories, remote sensing images, postgraduate studies and consultancies which facilitated understanding of the status of desertification, land degradation, forest cover changes, climate change and biodiversity. In addition, consultations and discussions were made by the writer with a large number of stakeholders and forest development field staff on current status of the forests, drivers affecting forest losses and degradation. Use is also made of projects implemented in Sudan covering forestry development and combating desertification
Observations on the Seasonal Browsing and Grazing Behaviour of Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Southern Darfur-sudan
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum to get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] observations about camels behaviour during browsing and grazing were recorded
during dry and green season in southern Darfur (Latitude 8o 30’ and 13o 30’ North), by
using apparently healthy free ranging camels during the months of March—May 2003 (dry
season ) and August — September 2003 (green season). Total number of 210 indigenous
Arabian camels of different age (1–18 year) was used in this study. Camels were observed to
be selective browser rather than grazer during dry and green seasons; also they were able to
consume whatever plants available to fulfil their needs during the dry season. Camels did
not stay long on a single species of plants, but were observed to take several mouthfuls and
to move to another or to the same species browsing young green stems or branches with or
without thorns and together with leaves, young growing shoots, flowers and fruits during
green season, however, it has been observed that camels concentrate on certain evergreen
trees and bushes together with the dry grasses if found during the dry season in the dry
wadi beds. Camels are selective feeders not only with regard to plants but also in respect
of part of the plants they eat , on the natural range they browse and graze at any time
of the day but they tend to avoid feeding during the hottest period of the day and adopt
positions. Camels prefer to feed on bushes and trees due to their anatomical adaptations.
These findings indicate that camels are able to adapt themselves to the seasonal pasture
fluctuation
Assessment of Practices in adaptation to Climate Change Impacts within the Nile Basin Communities
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] African countries of the Nile basin are providing examples of serious impacts of climate change reflected in water shortage, crop yield decline and other serious impacts resulting from temperature rise, rainfall decline and drought. The Nile Basin countries need to understand Climate Change causes and impacts in order to compile mitigation and adaptation strategies. Each country can play significant role in reducing climate change impacts by increasing efficiency of land use and involvement of local communities. However, the practices and activities related to land use changes are contributing in making the majority of societies vulnerable to climate Changes risks and impacts. Hence sustainable development and management of successful practices of communities is the way forward.
Recognizing the stakeholders like farmers, pastoralists and forests users and attempts to develop efficient knowledge sharing facilitate cooperation between the countries. The Nile Basin countries possess community-based sources of information that enable each country to have the potential for assessment of climate change impacts and building the capacity to develop adaptation programme at national and community levels. Data contained in land use inventories can provide information on climate change impacts and mitigation. Presently there is growing concern about how to use these sources at sectors concerned with climate change.
This paper attempts to reflect the possibility for the Nile Basin countries to improve climate change mitigation and adaptation on participatory approach. The paper uses various sources of data that helps the countries to use local, national and international support for adaptation