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Telemedicine – recent advances
No full textTelemedicine, the practice of medicine when the doctor and the patient are not in the
same place, has been shown to be an effective way to deliver services in many different
settings. Applied properly it can either enable a service to be provided that could not be
done face-to-face (FF) or it can improve the quality of an existing FF service, usually by
making it more patient-centred or less expensive. Telemedicine has been used
successfully in both rich and poor countries using email, webservers, telephone, texting
or videolink. Most telemedicine has been between a specialist and another doctor or
health professional but some has been between a specialist and a patient. The latter
has become much more possible with the widespread adoption of mobile phones. Also
the increased adoption of “smartphones” which are able to access the internet either
over a wireless or 3G network has produced a new branch of medicine called “mhealth”.
Applications (apps) can be written specifically for smartphones and these have a number
of functions including enabling non-specialists to diagnose episodes of altered
consciousness as epilepsy or not. This has the potential to devolve medical functions
safely to non-doctors and this should enable more people with untreated epilepsy to be
treated. In richer countries tele-monitoring of patients with chronic conditions such as
diabetes, and congestive heart failure is being used increasingly and has been shown to
prevent hospital admissions. The adoption of telemedicine in most healthcare systems
has been slow because the benefit of telemedicine is to patients and not to doctors.
Doctors need to be incentivised to use telemedicine for their patients’ benefit. How to
provide that incentive is challenging and may be a role for governments
Effect of Mobile Phones on Hearing
No full textBackground: In the last two decades the use of mobile phone has increased globally. This has focused interest on its possible biological effects. The surprising huge increase in the usage of mobile phone in Sudan has been a strong justification for conducting such a study, on the possible harmful effects of mobile phone on hearing sense.
Objectives: To explore possible effects of mobile phone use on hearing level in humans, and to compare between level of exposure and threshold for hearing.
Tools and Methods: this is an observational cross-sectional population-based study, conducted in Khartoum state - Sudan. Two hundred volunteers filled questionnaires and had their hearing tested by diagnostic audiometer. Those who use the mobile phone for minimum of two hours per day are classified as heavy users, and those who use the mobile phone for less than two hours are classified as moderate users, while those who do not use the phone are classified as non-users of mobile phone.
Results: Heavy users of mobile phone show statistically significant prevalence of mild sensorineural hearing impairment, of no other possible underlining cause or risk factor. This is in comparison with the moderate users and the non- users, who all show normal hearing. Heavy users also show elevated auditory threshold at the minimum speech tone, compared to the other two classes, which means that they might be, generally, more at risk for developing sensorineural hearing impairment. This study does not show association between long-term use of the mobile phone in years and hearing impairment.
Conclusion: Mobile phone has adverse effects on auditory function in humans. These effects need to be more thoroughly investigated
المتطلبات والمعوقات فى المجتمع السودانى
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected]الأسرة هي المؤسسة الأولى والأساسية من بين المؤسسات الاجتماعية المتعددة
المسؤولة عن إعداد الطفل للدخول في الحياة الاجتماعية، ليكون عنصرًا صالحًا فعا ً لا في إدامتها
على أساس الصلاح والخير والبناء الفعال. والأسرة نقطة البدء التي تزاول إنشاء وتنشئة العنصر
الإنساني، فهي نقطة البدء المؤثرة في كلِّ مراحل الحياة إيجابًا وسلبًا، ولهذا أبدى الإسلام عناية
خاصة بالأسرة المنسجمة مع الدور المكلفة بأدائه، فوضع القواعد الأساسية في تنظيمها وضبط
شؤونها، وتوزيع الاختصاصات، وتحديد الواجبات المسؤولة عن أدائها، وخصوصًا تربية الطفل
تربية صالحة وسليمة متوازنة في جميع جوانب الشخصية الفكرية والعاطفية والسلوكية. ودعا
الإسلام –كذلك - إلى المحافظة على كيان الأسرة وإبعاد أعضائها من عناصر التهديم والتدمير
ومن كلِّ ما يؤدي إلى خلق البلبلة والاضطراب في العلاقات التي تؤدي إلى ضياع الافراد بتفتيت
الكيان الذي يحميهم ويعدهم للمستقبل الذي ينتظرهم. سناء سليمان ( ٢٠٠٥ ) فالعلاقات الأُسرية
لها دو ر كبير في توثيق بناء الأسرة وتقوية التماسك بين أعضائها ولها تأثيراتها على نمو الطفل
وتنشئته، وإيصاله إلى مرحلة التكامل والاستقلال؛ وذلك باعتبار أن الأجواء الفكرية والنفسية
والعاطفية التي تخلقها الأسرة للطفل تمنحه القدرة على التكيف الجدي مع نفسه ومع أسرته ومع
مجتمعه.ومن هذا المنطلق، فإن الأسرة هي بحاجة إلى منهج تربوي ينظم مسيرتها، فيوزع
الأدوار والواجبات ويحدد الاختصاصات للمحافظة على تماسكها المؤثر في انطلاقة الطفل
التربوية.فالأسرة، إذن، هي الوحدة الاجتماعية الأولى التي ينشأ فيها الطفل ويتفاعل مع أعضائها،
وهي التي تتسم بالقدر الأكبر من الإشراف على نمو الطفل وتكوين شخصيته وتوجيه سلوكه. بل
هي الحصن الذي تنمو فيه بذور الشخصية الإنسانية وتوضح فيه أصول التطبيع الاجتماعي، أو
هي شكل اجتماعي يتميز بطابع ثقافي يختلف من مجتمع لآخر؛ بحيث إن هذا النظام الثقافي في
الأسرة يعمل على تلقين وطبع، ثم تنشئة الفرد منذ نعومة أظافره
Preliminary Screening for Water Stress Tolerance and Genetic Diversity in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars from Sudan
No full textPreliminary Screening for Water Stress Tolerance and Genetic Diversity
in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars from SudanWater stress plays an important role in the suppression of plant growth leading to severe yield reduction in arid and semi-arid regions. The present study was carried out to screen 12 Sudanese wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars for their response to water stress at early germination stages and to characterize sources that could be used in breeding programs to develop wheat cultivars with better adaptation to water stress. For assessing water stress tolerance, both physiological and molecular techniques were used. The effect of osmotic stress on the early growing stages was evaluated, in vitro, using five concentrations of Polyethylene glycol. Genetic diversity was studied using 24 allele specific simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers associated with drought tolerance in wheat. The presence of the drought genes and their chromosomal location was also investigated by isolating and sequencing of drehydration responsive element binding protein (dreb1). Results of the in vitro screening among the cultivars showed significant differences in the root length, shoot length and root/shoot ratio. The 24 drought specific SSR markers used revealed 50 alleles, with an average of 2.0 alleles per locus. Of these, 60% were polymorphic with polymorphism information content (PIC) ranging from 0.16 to 0.89. A dendrogram based on the similarity values generated from the SSR data revealed three major clusters. Of the five specific primers for dreb1 genes, only primer P25F/PR produced amplification products with the expected fragment sizes. Sequencing and BLAST results of the cloned fragments excised from the gels showed 99% homology to the dreb1 gene on chromosome 3A
Evaluation of the study on Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
No full textA short but informative executive summary is provided which gives the decision maker and the reader a useful content about the project and the study contents. The executive summary is a concise presentation for the report content which included project description, ESIA methodology, baseline description of the environment and summary of the main impacts presented in a table. Finally the executive provided key actions to be implemented. In this manner, the executive summary is companionable with the main report
Milk Composition of Camels and Goats Grazing in the Extensive Pasture of Butana Area In Sudan
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] study was conducted during the rainy season to determine and compare milk composition of 'camels and goats that are grazing in the same extensive system (Butana area in Sudan). It aimed also to assess the chemical composition and some essential minerals of the mixed pasture in Butana area. Two hundred and forty milk samples were randomly collected form lactating camels and lactating goats (120 from each). These samples were examined to determine the percent of total solids, fat, protein, ash and lactose. Also some minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Zn, Co and I) were determined. Camel milk constituents were 11.95+ 0.47, 4.14± 0.28, 3.22± 0.21, 0.83± 0.05 and 3.74+0.37% for total solids, fat, protein, ash and lactose, respectively. Goat milk constituents were 11.55+ 0.47, 3.48± 0.26, 3.29± 0.26, 0.69± 0.03, and 4.05± 0.43, respectively. Minerals of camel milk were 119.27+ 3.43, 83.58+ 7.64, 12.43+ 0.94, 68.58+ 3.52, 160.50+ 9.23, 0.519+ 0.035, 0.06380.0069 and 0.0357+ 0.0067% mg/ 100 ml for Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Zn, Co and I, respectively. While minerals concentration in goat milk were 127± 3.42, 66.36+ 9.91, 11.86+ 1.28, 41.91+ 7.02, 133.57+ 10.42, 0.326+ 0.030, 0.0559+ 0.0084 and 0.031.7+ 0.0049 mg/ 100 ml, respectively. The result showed that there were non significant differences (P>0.05) between milk of camels and goats in total solids, fat, protein, lactose, P, K, Zn, Co and I levels. While significant differences (P<0.05) in ash and Mg levels were observed. Also, highly significant differences in Na and Ca concentration were estimated (P<0.01 and P<0.001), respectively. Fifteen samples of mixed grasses from the natural grazing pasture were collecte
Research activities and publications
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] applicant is showing her participation in original research especially in dairy quality field with significant publications in international journals, even if the publishing activity seems to be irregular. The supervision of many students is showing the ability of the applicant to initiate a wide range of research, but the number of PhD students supervision have to be increased in the future. Her contribution in teaching students at different levels is clear.
Elsewhere, the applicant is participating to a wide number of Faculty board underlining her contribution to the collective life of the University. For all these reasons, the demand of the applicant to be appointed as professor is quite acceptable
Economical Evaluation of the use of Diesel Engines, Electrical Grid and Photovoltaic Panels for Pumping in Sudan1
No full textThe present value cost of using diesel engines, grid-supplied power and photo-voltaics are compared as prime-movers op pumps in small-scale farms in Sudan. The paper proposes a costing technique based on real options for local farmers
How community-based research into podoconiosis has fuelled policy change in Ethiopia.
No full textOver the past ten years, a multidisciplinary program of research into podoconiosis (nonfilarial
endemic elephantiasis) has gathered pace in Ethiopia. The program has covered
distribution, aetiology (genetic, mineralogical and biochemical), consequences
(economic, social and ethical), management of disease (diagnosis, clinical staging,
treatment and health systems). To date, over 35 research articles and 10 reviews and
book chapters have arisen from this program, and seven Master theses and four PhD
theses have been completed.
In this talk, Prof. Davey will explain how conducting high quality community-based
research has had the additional benefit of raising the local and international profile of
podoconiosis. The results of advocacy through research have been considerable:
inclusion of podoconiosis in the WHO list of Neglected Tropical Diseases, selection of
podoconiosis as one of 8 Neglected Tropical Diseases prioritised by the Ethiopian
Federal Ministry of Health; and the foundation of the Ethiopian National Podoconiosis
Action Network (NaPAN) and a global initative (Footwork, the International Podoconiosis
Initiative - www.podo.org)
Current landscape of Sudanese natural products-based drug discovery: present opportunities, strength and weakness
No full textNaturally derived molecules constitute a substantial portion of all therapeutic drug
arsenals available today and the contribution of natural products to treat infectious
diseases is immeasurable. Nevertheless, investigating the virtually untapped Sudanese
natural resources for discovering structurally diverse bioactive novel molecules remains
a challenge. The potential of natural products from plants against protozoa causing
neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) has recently been reviewed extensively by members
of our recently established international research initiative, the Research Network of
Natural Products against Neglected Diseases (ResNet NPND).
The presentation will focus on the current status and future perspectives of drug
discovery from Sudanese plants with emphasis on the present opportunities, strength
and weaknesses by providing vivid examples illustrating our research efforts to discover
novel molecules against NTDs with especial reference to malaria, leishmaniasis,
trypanosomiasis, and mycetoma