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SSR and SRAP markers-based Genetic Diversity in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Accessions of Sudan
No full textSSR and SRAP markers-based Genetic Diversity in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Accessions of SudanTo evaluate the genetic diversity among the 33 sorghum accessions of Sudan, 70 simple sequence repeats (SSR) and 23 sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) primer sets were utilized. Results indicated that, of the SSR markers used, 50 (71.4%) were polymorphic, producing 88 (53.0%) polymorphic alleles of PIC value ranging from 0.06 to 0.96 with an average of 0.58. Among the SRAP markers, 8 (34.8%) produced 33 alleles with 48.5% marker polymorphism and PIC value ranging from 0.23 to 0.93. The similarity coefficients based on SSRs were in the range of 0.15 to 0.78 with an average of 0.45, while those based on SRAP markers were in the range of 0.13 to 0.80 with an average of 0.50. Coefficients of similarity generated with SSRs grouped the sorghum accessions into five clusters. In contrast, grouping according to the similarity coefficients of the SRAPs resulted in another completely different five clusters. When data obtained from both SSRs and SRAPs were combined and utilized to generate a dendrogram in which the 33 sorghum accessions were again grouped into five clusters. Cluster 1 and 5 were typical to those of the SSR-based grouping. The present study indicates that fast, accurate and high throughput fingerprinting could be obtained using those markers, from the combined analysis, which revealed the existence of significant variation among the 33 accessions. The most distant accessions can be used by breeders to develop improved sorghum genotypes
Hyperreactive Malarial Splenomegaly (HMS) in Malaria Endemic Area in Eastern Sudan
No full textHyrerreactive Malarial Splenomegaly (HMS) is a condition affecting
adults in certain malarious areas. The present work was carried out in
Kassala city, Eastern Sudan where HMS is considered as highly
prevalent. The objectives of the study were to describe the epidemiology
and magnitude of the disease in the area, help local clinicians to diagnose,
and differentiate HMS cases from other diseases causing splenomegaly
and to apply modern investigative methods particularly Nested
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for detection of malaria parasites in
HMS cases.
A cross-sectional study was carried out in four health centers in the city
between January and March 2004. 114 (11.2%) out of 1010 medical cases
were reported had enlarge spleens. Identification using the major
diagnostic criteria supported by clinical and laboratories investigations
was revealed that 87 (8.6%) cases were HMS.
All the cases included in this study are permanent residents of Kassala
city. Forty one percent patients are Beni Amer, 25% Shaikia, 19.5%
Hadendoa and 14% are from other tribes. Sixty three percent of HMS
cases were males and 37% were females. The mean age of 27.7 years
(median= 25 years).
Clinical investigations showed that all cases suffered from abdominal
pain in upper left quadrant and all had palpable firm spleen (10-26 cm)
from the costal margin. Most of cases gave a past history fever associated
with headache. The mean value of body temperature of all studied
patients is in normal range (37ºC)
Foreign Language Teaching In Sudanese
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] goals and means of language study continue in the very center of debates among specialists in language teaching/learning. Different views relating to language and its functions are reflected in two main approaches to language teaching/learning. On the one hand, language is considered to be principally instrumental, a means of communicating thought and information. One the other hand, language is viewed as an important element of human being’s thought processes, perceptions, and self-expressions; and as such, it is placed at the core of translingual and transcultural competence. This paper investigates the current situation of teaching/learning foreign languages in the Sudanese universities with special focus on the goals of teaching these languages and their role in students’ future. Goals of language teaching and students’ attitudes towards the process will be related to the job opportunities available for the students on graduation. Data for the paper have been collected using questionnaires and interviews administered to students and teachers from five language departments at Khartoum University: English, French, German, Russian, and Chinese. Questionnaires and interviews on language attitude will be administered among Four-year language majors representing the four departments. The central question the paper tries to answer is whether there is a realistic match between the goals of language teaching/learning set by policy makers and students’ interests and expectations. Results are expected to contribute to the efforts made to restructure language-in-education curriculum at university level in a way that addresses the expectations of both policy makers and students
Effect of dietary single cell protein (SCP) on broiler chicks performance, carcass yield and quality
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum to get the full text please contact the other at ahmed el aminSingle cell protein (SCP) was tested in partial replacement of plant proteins in broiler rations. Sixty day-old broiler chicks were allotted randomly to 4x3x5 arrangement. Isocaloric isonitrogenous rations for the four groups were formulated when SCP replaced conventional plant proteins (33% of the ration) in the ratios 0, 25, 50 and 75 % respective to groups 1, 2, 3 and 4. The feeding period was continued for 6 weeks.
No apparent digestive or ill health effects were observed at all feeding levels of replacement. Treatment effect was not significant (p > 0.05) in all performance, carcass and non-carcass yield and meat quality attributes at all levels of dietary SCP, yielding similar (p>0.05) means. No fishy smell or add flavours were recorded with subjective meat qualities.
Keywords: Single cell protein Energy replacement Broilers Carcass yiel
Natural Parks Management in the Sudan: Dindir Natural Park Disease Survey
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum to get the full text please contact the other at ahmed elamin @yahoo.comThe natural parks of the Sudan were highlighted pertaining to their management systems concentrating
on the Dindir National
Park (DNP). DNP location, area, fauna and flora were also highlighted. Either
management of fauna and flora were explained. Animal diseases were taken as a detailed management
criterion. Surveys covered the pen -umbra residents, direct management and diseases.
The established national natural parks were eight. Most management activities were conservation ones
with little but essential promotional inputs to fauna and flora. DNP area was well guarded with regular
patrolling most seasons of the year. Residential areas in the DNP buffer zone impose management difficulties
as
interventions of man and animals
in the park are deterrent.
Debility, diarrhoeas, cough, dyspnoea,
haematurea, external and internal parasites
were observed symptoms, and tentative diagnosis in different
domestic species covers malnutrition, respiratory disorders, parasitosis and heart water. Mange and internal
parasites are the predominant diseases in the wild and anthelopes were the most mortal species.
As the biggest and most important national park in the Sudan, it was recommended that the disease
surveys be intensified together with recruitment of more veterinarians in, towards positive efforts for proper
diagnosis and treatment
A comparison of partial least squares (PLS) and sparse PLS regressions for predicting yield of Swiss chard grown under different irrigation water sources using hyperspectral data
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] is an increasing demand for fresh vegetables such as Swiss chard in cognisance of their
nutritive value. Early prediction of Swiss chard yield provides a valuable knowledge base for
product management decisions like pre-harvest planning, post-harvest handing, food policy, and
marketing. Consequently, the objective of the present study was to investigate the use of
hyperspectral data in predicting yield of Swiss chard grown under different irrigation water
sources. Swiss chard ground-based hyperspectral data were collected at canopy level using a
handheld spectroradiometer at 2 and 2.5 months after plantin
Design Optimization of Wind-Powered Piston Pumps
No full textAn improved design procedure for wind-powered piston pumps is detailed. Building on analysis and experimental findings on the behaviour of constant-torque machines, attention is drawn to the influence of the shape of the turbine’s characteristic at low tip-speed ratios on the system performance. The procedure suggested maximizes system efficiency and secures continuous operation within the design range and predicts the starting and stopping behaviour of wind-powered piston pumps
Effect Heat Treatment of seasame cake on chemical Composition And Protein Kenetics degradation
No full textThis study was conducted to estimate the influence of heat
treatment on sesame cake, chemical composition and ruminal protein
degradation.
Sesame cake was heated at 140, 150 and 160oC. untreated sesame
cake represented control (T1) heated at 140oC for one hour (T2:1) for two
hours (T2:2) for 3 hours (T2:3), heated of 150oC for one hour (T3:1) for
two hours (T3:2) for 3 hours (T3:3) and heated at 160oC for an hour
(T4:1) for two hours (T4:2) and for 3 hours (T4:3) samples were
incubated in 3 fistulated female goats (1 bag/goat/period) the incubation
periods: 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours, analysis for chemical composition
was carried out. The data revealed that no effect on chemical
composition (CP, OM), due to heat treatment.
Heat treatment generally caused protein protection, by decreasing
the soluble fraction (a) and the rumen degradation rate (c) the highest
protection occurred at 150oC more clearly at one hour
Evaluation Of The Performance Of Calves And Heifers In A Holsteinfriesian Herd In Northern Gezira
No full textThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the productive and
reproductive performance of calves and heifers of pure Holstein –
Friesian breed in the farm of the Arab Company for Agricultural
Production and Processing (ACAPP) at Albagair area in the Gezira State.
The performance was evaluated under the prevailing management and
environmental factors during the period 1984 – 2002. The traits studied
were:
(i) Weight at birth (2716 records).
(ii) Age at weaning (1653 records).
(iii) Weight at weaning (1653 records).
(iv) Age at first service (505 records).
(v) Weight at first service (558 records).
(vi) Age at successful service (603 records).
(vii) Weight at successful service (449 records).
(viii)Number of services per conception (537 records).
(ix) Age at first calving (829 records).
(x) Milk yield for the first 100 days of the first lactation (702
records).
The study also included some of the important factors that affected
these traits. The data were analyzed by the Method of Least Mean
Squares (Steel, Torrie and Dickey, 1997). They were subjected to
analysis of variance using SPSS Programme version 12.5.
The results obtained showed that the overall mean weight at birth
of the calves under study was 33.87 ± 0.21 kg. The majority of the calves
were born in the weight range of 30 – 40 kilogram. Male calves were
found to be heavier than females; the difference between the two sexes
was highly significant (P < 0.001). The mean weight at birth of male
calves was 35.08 ± 0.28 kg while that of females was 32.89 ± 0.31 kg.
The effect of the year of birth on weight of birth was highly significant (P
< 0.001) while that of season of birth was not (P > 0.05). Parity of dam
also exerted a highly significant (P < 0.001) effect on weight at birth of
calves. Calves born to dams in the first three parities were higher in
weight than calves born to dams in later parities. The interactions of sex
of calf × years of birth, sex of calf × season of birth, sex of calf × parity
of dam and parity of dam × season of birth did not exert any significant
(P > 0.05) effect on weight at birth. The interaction of years of birth ×
seasons of birth and parity of dam × years of birth had a significant (P <
0.05) effect on weight at birth of calves.
The overall means of weight and age at weaning were 67.43 ± 0.41
kg and 75.43 ± 1.03 days respectively. Both weight and age at weaning
were significantly (P < 0.001) affected by weight at birth and year of
birth of calf. Sex of calf ad season of birth did not have any significant (P
> 0.05) effect on either trait. Age at weaning had a high significant (P <
0.001) effect on weight at weaning. Parity of dam exerted a highly
significant (P < 0.001) effect on weight at weaning, but not on age at
weaning (P > 0.05). Weight and age at weaning were both significantly
affected by the interaction of sex × year × season of birth and year ×
season of birth (P < 0.05). Both traits were not affected by the interaction
of season × parity of dam to any significant degree (P > 0.05). The
interaction of sex × season of birth significantly (P < 0.05) affected
weight at weaning, but not age at weaning (P > 0.05). Weight at weaning
was also significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the interactions of year of
birth × parity of dam and sex × year of birth.
The overall means of age and weight at first service were 21.82±
0.28 month and 337.25 ± 2.76 kg respectively. Both traits were
significantly (P < 0.001) affected by year of birth, but not season (P >
0.05). Age at first service was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by weight
at weaning, but the latter did not exert any significant (P > 0.05) effect on
weight of first service. Age and weight at first service were not affected
to any significant (P > 0.05) degree by age at weaning. Both traits were
not affected to any significant degree (P > 0.05) by the different
interactions of years and seasons of birth, weight at weaning and age at
weaning.
The overall means of age and weight at successful service were
22.57 ± 0.35 month and 337.44 ± 5.89 kg respectively. Both traits were
significantly (P < 0.05) affected by year of birth. They were neither
affected by season of birth nor weight at weaning to any significant
degree (P > 0.05). Weight at successful service was significantly (P <
0.001) affected by weight at first service to a high degree. The
interactions of years × seasons of birth, year × classes of weight at
weaning did not exert any significant (P > 0.05) effect on either age or
weight at successful service. The interaction of years of birth × weight at
first service had a highly significant (P < 0.001) effect on weight at
successful service.
The overall mean number of services per conception was 1.78 ±
0.07. Year and season of service did not exert any significant (P > 0.05)
effect on this trait, but it was highly significantly (P < 0.001) affected by
weight at first service. The trait was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by
the interaction of year of service × season of service × weight at first
service, but not by other interactions (P > 0.05).
The overall mean of age at first calving was 31.88 ± 0.36 months.
It was significantly affected by the year of birth of heifer (P < 0.001) and
weight at weaning (P < 0.05), but not by season of birth (P > 0.05). The
trait was also highly significantly affected by the interaction of years ×
seasons of birth and years of birth × classes of weight at weaning (P <
0.001). The interaction of seasons of birth × classes of weight at weaning
did not exert any significant effect (P < 0.05) on age at first calving.
The overall mean milk yield for the first 100 days of the first
lactation was 1533.56 ± 25.68 liters. The trait was significantly affected
by the year of calving (P < 0.001) and age at first calving (P < 0.05), but
not by season of calving or weight at successful service (P > 0.05). The
trait was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the interaction of years of
calving × seasons of calving × classes of weight at successful service, but
not by other interactions.تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم الأداء الإنتاجي والتناسلي للمواليد والعجلات من سلالة الهوليستين / فريزيان في قطيع الشركة العربية للإنتاج والتصنيع الزراعي بمنطقة الباقير في شمال الجزيرة تحت الظروف الإدارية والمناخية السائدة خلال الفترة 1984 – 2002. وتتلخص الصفات الإنتاجية والتناسلية التي تمت دراستها في الآتي: (أ) الوزن عند الولادة (2716 سجل). (ب) العمر عند الفطام (1653سجل). (ج) الوزن عند الفطام (1653 سجل). (د) العمر عند التلقيحة الأولى (505 سجل). (ه) الوزن عند التلقيحة الأولى ( 558 سجل). (و) العمر عند التلقيحة الناجحة (603 سجل) (ز) الوزن عند التلقيحة الناجحة (449 سجل). (ح) عدد التلقيحات اللازمة للإخصاب (537 سجل). (ط) العمر عند أول ولادة (829 سجل). (ي) كمية اللبن المنتج في المائة يوم الأولى من موسم الحليب الأول (702 سجل). هذا ولقد شملت الدراسة بعض العوامل المؤثرة على هذه الصفات. ولقد تم التحليل الإحصائي مستعملين طريقة المتوسطات التربيعية الأقل لـ(Steel, Torrie and Dickey, 1997) ولقد تم إخضاع المعلومات لتحليل الفروقات بإستخدام برنامج (SPSS, version 12.5) ولقد كانت النتائج كالآتي: لقد كان متوسط الوزن عند الولادة في هذا القطيع خلال فترة الدراسة 33.87 ± 0.21 كجم وكان معظم المواليد في المدى الوزني من 30 – 40 كجم عند الولادة. ولقد كانت المواليد الذكور أعلى وزناً من الإناث بفروقات معنوية عالية (P < 0.001). ولقد بلغ متوسط وزن الذكور عند الولادة 35.08± 0.28 كجم بينما كان متوسط وزن الإناث 32.89 ± 0.31 كيلوجرام. ولقد تأثرت هذه الصفة بنسبة الولادة بدرجة عالية (P < 0.001) ولكنها لم تتأثر بموسم الولادة (P > 0.05). كذلك كان لعدد ولدات الأم تأثيراً كبيراً (P < 0.001) على هذه الصفة. ولقد كانت المواليد لأمهات في ولداتها الثلاثة الأولى أقل وزناً من المواليد لأمهات في ولدات متأخرة. ولقد أوضحت الدراسة أن تداخل نوع المولود × سنة الولادة ونوع المولود × موسم الولادة ونوع المولود × عدد ولدات الأم وموسم الولادة × عدد ولدات الأم لم يكن لها أثر يذكر على الوزن عند الولادة (P > 0.05). بينما تأثرت هذه الصفة بتداخل سنة الولادة × موسم الولادة وعدد ولدات الأم × سنة الولادة وذلك بفروقات معنوية معتبرة (P < 0.05). ولقد أوضحت الدراسة كذلك أن متوسط الوزن عند الفطام كان 67.43 ± 0.41 كجم ومتوسط عمر الفطام 75.43 ± 1.03 يوماً. ولقد تأثرت هاتان الصفتان بالوزن عند الولادة وسنة الولادة بدرجة عالية بفروقات معنوية (P < 0.001). ولم يكن لنوع المولود أو موسم الولادة أي أثر يذكر على أي من هاتين الصفتين (P > 0.05). ولقد وجد أن عمر الفطام له تأثير كبير على وزن الفطام بفروقات معنوية عالية (P < 0.001). أيضاً إتضح أن عدد ولدات الأم لها أثر كبير على وزن الفطام (P < 0.001) ولكن ليس لها تأثير يذكر على عمر الفطام (P > 0.05). ولقد تأثرت الصفتان بتداخل نوع المولود × سنة الولادة × موسم الولادة وسنة الولادة × موسم الولادة بفروقات معنوية مهمة (P < 0.05). بينما لم يكن لتداخل موسم الولادة × عدد ولدات الأم أي أثر يذكر على أي من الصفتين (P > 0.05). أما تداخل نوع المولود × موسم الولادة فلقد أثر بدرجة مهمة (P < 0.05) على وزن الفطام وليس عمر الفطام. كذلك نجد أيضاً أن وزن الفطام قد تأثر بدرجة مهمة (P < 0.05) بتداخل سنة الولادة × عدد ولدات الأم ونوع المولود × سنة الولادة. لقد أوضحت نتائج الدراسة أن متوسط العمر والوزن عند التلقيحة الأولى 21.82 ± 0.28 شهراً و 337.25 ± 2.76 كجم على التوالي. ونجد أن كلتا الصفتين تأثرت بسنة الولادة بدرجة عالية (P < 0.001) ولكنها لم تتأثرا بموسم الولادة. ونجد أن العمر عند التلقيحة الأولى قد تأثر بدرجة مهمة (P < 0.05) بالوزن عند الفطام ولكن الأخير لم يؤثر على الوزن عند التلقيحة الأولى بدرجة تذكر (P > 0.05). ونجد كذلك أن عمر الفطام لم يكن له أثر يذكر على صفتي العمر والوزن عند التلقيحة الأولى (P > 0.05). وكذلك لم تتأثر هاتان الصفتان بتداخل سنوات ومواسم الولادة والوزن والعمر عند الفطام. ظهر في النتائج أن متوسط العمر والوزن عند التلقيحة الناجحة كان 22.57 ± 0.35 شهراً و 337.44 ± 5.89 كجم على التوالي. وكذلك وجد أن كلتا الصفتين قد تأثر بسنة الولادة بدرجة معنوية مهمة (P < 0.05) ولكنهما لم تتأثرا بموسم الولادة ولا وزن الفطام بدرجة مهمة (P > 0.05). ووجد كذلك أن الوزن عند التلقيحة الناجحة قد تأثر بدرجة عالية (P < 0.001) بالوزن عند التلقيحة الأولى. كذلك نجد أن تداخلات سنة الولادة × الوزن عند التلقيحة الأولى قد أثر بدرجة عالية (P < 0.001) على الوزن عند التلقيحة الناجحة بينما لم تؤثر بقية التداخلات على أي من الصفتين بدرجة مهمة (P > 0.05). أوضحت النتائج أن متوسط عدد التلقيحات اللازمة للإخصاب كان 1.87 ± 0.07 تلقيحة ولم يتأثر بسنة أو موسم التلقيح بدرجة تذكر (P > 0.05) ولكن العدد تأثر بالوزن عند التلقيحة الأولى بدرجة عالية (P < 0.001). ولقد تأثرت هذه الصفة أيضاً بداخلات سنة التلقيح × موسم التلقيح × الوزن عند التلقيحة الأولى بدرجة مهمة (P > 0.05). لقد كان متوسط العمر عند أول ولدة في هذه الدراسة 31.88 ± 0.36 شهراً ولقد تأثر بدرجة عالية (P < 0.001) بسنة الولادة وبدرجة مهمة (P > 0.05). كذلك تأثرت هذه الصفة بفروقات معنوية عالية (P < 0.001) بتداخلات سنة الولادة × موسم الولادة وسنة الولادة × الوزن عند الفطام ولم يكن لتداخلات موسم الولادة × الوزن عند الفطام أي أثر يذكر على هذه الصفة (P > 0.05). ظهر في النتائج أن متوسط جملة اللبن المنتج في المائة يوم الأولى من موسم الحليب الأول كان 1533.56 ± 25.68 لتر. ولقد تأثرت هذه الصفة بسنة الولدة بفروقات معنوية عالية (P < 0.001) والعمر عند أول ولدة بدرجة مهمة (P > 0.05). ولكنه لم تتأثر بدرجة تـذكر (P < 0.05) بموسم الولـدة أو الـوزن عنـد التلقيحة الناجحة. ووجد كذلك أن تداخلات سنة الولدة × موسم الولدة × الـوزن عنـد التـلقيحـة الناجحة كـان له أثـر لـفـروقات معنوية مهمة (P > 0.05). على هذه الصفة
دراسة علي مشروع دلتا القاش الزراعي وإمكانية استغلاله كمورد للإنتاج الحيواني
No full textLivestock in Elgash area plays an important role in the livelihood and economics of people. The area is characterized by a large herd with high potentials. The study reveals that:- The population of the animal wealth in El gash area is 771 397 animal heads. The sheep represents 304 409, the cattle 164481, the goats 193 834, the camels 108673 animal heads. The sheep is the species that can verify welfare in the area. The area is characterized by a type of cattle with a local name (Arachia) which produces about (2.5-6) kg / day in one milking. The calving interval of cattle in the area is estimated as (2- 4) years. The maximum number of calves born through out producing life is "5" calves. The twinning rate in sheep and goat is estimated as (40 _70) %, with a lambing interval (8 – 12) months. The abortion rate is less than 5% in sheep and goats in its maximum. The milk production in sheep and goat is estimated as (1-1.5) kg day. The off- take of livestock in the area is as follows: Sheep (5- 15) %, goats (5- 10) %, cattle and camel 5% and 2 % respectively. The most favorite type in livestock marketing is sheep, goat and cattle respectively. The animal owners in the area are categorized in three levels as follows :- A – The rich level owns 30 cattle, 50 sheep, 20 goats and 50 camels. B - The middle level owns 10 cattle and 15 sheep. C- The poor level owns 5- 10 heads of goats. There are some families in the area specialized in camels breeding and rearing. The prevailing grazing system in the area is the traditional both nomadic and resident. The study recommended the change of El gash Agricultural scheme to a mixed farming scheme considering the animal as the first cash crop, by directing most of the project components to the animal production.تلعب الثروة الحيوانية دورا مهما في حياة وإقتصاديات سكان منطقة القاش والتي تتمتع بوجود قطيع كبير ومميز من الثروة الحيوانية.وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى عدة نقاط يمكن إجمالها فى :- *بلغ تعداد الثروة الحيوانية بالقاش للعام 2006م حوالى 771397 رأس يمثل : =558; الضأن منها 304409 رأس =558; الأبقار 164481 رأس =558; الماعز 193834 رأس =558; والإبل 108673 رأس. * الضأن هو الحيوان الذى يمكن أن يحقق الرفاهية بالمنطقة. * هناك سلالات أبقار الأيراشاى الممتازة بالمنطقة و يتراوح إنتاجها من الألبان بين (2.5-6) كجم/اليوم لحلبة واحدة فقط. * الفترة بين الولادات فى الأبقار بالقاش تتراوح بين (2-4) سنوات. * تلد البقرة الواحدة فى القاش فى أفضل حالاتها 5 ولدات فى العمر . * نسبة ولادات التوأم فى الضان والماعز تتراوح بين (40-70) %،بمتوسط فترة بين الولادات يتراوح بين (8-12) شهرا . * نسبة الإجهاض فى الإناث الحمل من الضأن والماعز تقل عن 5% فى أعلى معدلاتها. * إنتاج الألبان فى الضأن والماعز يتراوح بين (1-1.5) كجم/اليوم. * نسبة السحوبات السنوية من القطيع بالقاش كانت كالأتى:- o الضأن (5-15)% ، الماعز (5-10)% o الأبقار والإبل أقل من 5% و2% على التوالى . * أكثر الحيوانات المباعة فى أسواق الماشية بالقاش هى الضأن ثم الماعز فالأبقار على التوالى . * هناك ثلاثة فئات من المربيين بالقاش :- - فئة غنية وتمتلك 30 رأس أبقار ،50 رأس ضأن ،20 رأس ماعز50 رأس إبل. - فئة متوسطة وتمتلك 10 رأس أبقار و 15 رأس ضأن. - فئة فقيرة وتمتلك ملبين (5-10) رأس ماعز . * هناك أسر معينة بالقاش تخصصت فى تربية الإبل . * نظام الرعى السائد بالمنطقة هو النظام الرعوى التقليدى بشقيه المستقر و المترحل داخل وخارج منطقة مشروع دلتا القاش الزراعى . وعليه رأت الدراسة أنه سيكون من الأجدى إذا ما تم تحويل المشروع كلية من مشروع زراعى بحت إلى مشروع مختلط يتم فيه الإعتماد على الإهتمام بالحيوان أولا وذلك بتوجيه معظم مقومات المشروع من أراضى زراعية ومياه ومراعى لخدمة الحيوان بالمنطقة ومن بعد يتم تخصيص مساحات أخرى لزراعة المحاصيل