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Can Lateral Offset Be Used as a Predictive Marker for Proximal Femur Disorders?
No full textWhen the lateral offset (LO) changes, the forces acting on the head and neck of the femur change. Increase or decrease in LO can cause instability and possible dislocation of the implant. In addition, when the offset is reduced, more force is needed to balance the pelvis by the abductor muscles, and the force that occurs along the hip joint increases and causes wear and tear. In this study we aimed to investigate whether there is a correlation between LO and proximal femur morphology, and according to the results we aimed to investigate whether the LO can be used as a predictive marker for the risk of femoral neck fractures, osteoarthritis or femoroacetabular impingement. Methods: Femur length, femur neck length, femoral neck–shaft angle (NSA), anteroposterior (a–p) and superoinferior (s–i) diameters of femoral head and neck, and LO were measured on 82 dry adult femora of unknown age and gender from Turkish population. Results: There was no statistically significant correlation between the LO and a–p and s–i diameters of femoral head or neck. However, there was found statistically significant correlation between LO and femoral NSA (p < 0.01), femoral neck length (p < 0.05) and femur length (p < 0.01). Conclusion: High LO values can be used as an indicator for neck fractures, a negative marker for OA, but LO does not appear to be used as an indicator for FAI. © 2021, Indian Orthopaedics Association
Epigenetics in Bladder Cancer: A Review of the Literature
Get PDFBladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most frequent type of cancer worldwide, with around 549.000 new cases and 200.000 deaths/year and it has the highest incidence rates with a strong male and elderly predominance. Besides, BC is a significant burden on health-care systems in terms of long-term therapy due to its high risk of recurrence. The investigation for a biomarker that high sensitivity and specificity to be used in the diagnosis and follow-up of BC is still ongoing because cystoscopic imaging, which is currently using it as the gold-standard technique, is an invasive procedure. Opportunely, the recent epigenetic-based studies arc provided successful results for this subject. Therefore, in this study, we review that the DNA methylation and microRNAs relationship with BC were investigated in the light of current studies in the literature, particularly using the meta-analyses. The evaluation of the association of BC with DNA methylation showed that the hypermethylation was parallel with the muscle invasion, increased tumor stage and grade, poor prognosis, and cancer-associated mortality. Other than, many researchers suggest that various genes or gene panels as the methylation-based biomarkers for use in the follow-up of BC. Similarly, the miRNA panels may successfully differentiate BC samples from healthy controls, and provide successful estimations for survival and recurrence. To all appearances, the increase of the number of epigenetic-based research in BC not only will provide useful data for clarifying the BC progression, but will also increase the number of biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity
Finansal Piyasalarda Hisse Fiyatlarının Derin Öğrenme ve Yapay Sinir Ağı Yöntemleri ile Tahmin Edilmesi; S&P 500 Endeksi Örneği
No full textGelişen teknolojiler sayesinde günümüzde bilgisayarların gücü artmış ve bununla birlikte farklı amaçlara hizmet eden birçok algoritma geliştirilmiştir. Bu algoritmalar birçok alanda olduğu gibi finans alanında da sıkça kullanılmakta ve karar vermenin farklı boyutlarında destekleyici bir rol üstlenmektedir. Özellikle ortaya çıkması muhtemel durumların önceden öngörülmesinin hayati önem taşıdığı borsa işlemlerinde tahmin yöntemlerine sıkça başvurulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Yahoo Finans üzerinden elde edilen S&P 500 endeksine ait veriler kullanılarak derin öğrenme ve sığ öğrenme yöntemleri yardımıyla geleceğe yönelik fiyat tahminleme çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda 12.08.2000 ile 13.8.2020 tarihleri arasındaki günlük fiyat verileri ilk 19 sene (veri setinin %95’i)eğitim, son 1 sene (ver setinin %5’i) test olacak şekilde ayrılarak uzun kısa süreli bellek (LSTM) ve çok katmanlı algılayıcılar (MLP) yöntemleri tahmin gerçekleştirilmiştir. Eğitim, test ve tüm veri kök ortalama karesel hatalarının LSTM ağı için sırasıyla 17.3, 65.3 ve 22 dolar, MLP ağı için sırası ile 16.1,61.2 ve 20.6 dolar bulunmuştur. Bu da kullanılan her iki yöntemde elde edilen eğitim ve test hatalarının birbirine yakın sonuçlar verdiğini ve bu yöntemlerin tahmin çalışmaları için uygun seçenekler olduğunu göstermektedir
Robotik Süreç Otomasyonlarının Havacılık Sektörü Uygulamaları ve Geleceği
No full textBu makalede, havacılık sektöründe robotik süreç otomasyonlarının kullanılmasına ilişkin olası faydalar ve öngörüler sunmaktadır. Türkiye’de düşük maliyetli havayolu şirketi ve bunların konsepti ve uygulaması üzerine gidildiğinde robotik süreç otomasyonlarının önemli faydalar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Küresel COVID-19 salgını nedeniyle dünyada ortaya çıkan havacılık krizinin, pek çok ulusu robotik süreç otomasyonu kullanımına ittiği ve farklı uygulamalarla maliyet kalemlerindeki azalış ve verimlilikteki kaybı giderme adına adımlar attığı görülmektedir. Gelecekte süreçlerin daha verimli yönetilebilmesi, yüksek hacimli ve düşük değişiklik gösteren işlerin daha sıkı kontroller altında hatasız yapılabilmesi ve havacılık gibi yüksek maliyetli endüstrilerin maliyet boyutlarının azaltılabilmesi için gelecek trendler, mevcut prematüre uygulamalar ve muhtemel gelecek uygulama alanları gösterilmiştir
MİYASTENİ GRAVİS HASTA KAYITLARINDA JİTTER ÖLÇÜMÜNDE KARŞILAŞILAN BLOKLARI VE DAVRANIŞINI ORTAYA KOYAN YENİ BİR METODOLOJİ
No full textBu çalışmada miyasteni gravis hastalarından alınan kayıtlarda artan jitter ile karşılaşılan blokların davranışını gösteren bir algoritma geliştirilmiştir. Nöromüsküler kavşakta iletim sinir hücresinin aksonundan kas lifine doğru olur. Miyasteni hastalığı, iletimi aksatan post-sinaptik bir hastalıktır. Kas lifi tarafında bulunan asetilkolin alıcılarına zarar verir. Vücudun çeşitli yerlerinde güçsüzlüğe sebep olabilir. Hastalığın tanısında “tek lif elektrodu veya konsantrik elektrot” kullanılarak jitter ölçümü yapılır. Bu ölçüm için kayıtlar istemli kası altında veya uyartım metoduyla yapılır. Beş miyasteni hastasından istemli kası altında her seferinde 100’er adet kayıt alınmıştır. EMG cihazından alınan kayıtlar öncelikle işlenebilir hale getirilebilmek için bazı işlemlere tabi tutulmuştur. Jitter ölçümünde hesap için kullanılan iki pikten birincisi sabit tutulurken, değişinti gösteren ikinci pikin bir önceki konumuna göre değişiklik miktarı gözlemlenir. Bloğa uğrayan sinyaller geliştirilen algoritma ile elektrofizyoloji uzmanına sunulabilmektedir. Algoritma aynı zamanda ardışık blokları da tespit etmek, jitter değerini ve potansiyeller arası değişimin menzilini hesaplamak gibi hünerlere sahiptir. Hastalardan alınan kayıtlarda genellikle blok sonrası ikinci pikin birinci pikten uzaklaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu yeni algoritmanın farklı nöromüsküler hastalıkların jitter ölçümlerinde bir davranış modeli ortaya koyacağı öngörülmüştür
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF FLOW OVER A PICKUP TRUCK
No full textThe drag forces and the overall drag coefficient of a typical pickup truck are investigated experimentally and the 3D numerical analysis is performed. A detailed 1/4-scale model is constructed and experiments are performed at Reynolds numbers around 2 × 106in the Ankara Wind Tunnel (ART). The experimental study is divided into two stages: in the first stage the pressure distribution along the symmetry axis is measured and in the second stage the drag forces and overall drag coefficient are measured at five different wind speeds. The measured data are compared with the 3D numerical simulation performed in FLUENT. The turbulence standard, realizable, and RNG k-∈ models, the standard and SST k-ω models, and finally the RSM are compared for three near-wall treatments: standard wall function, nonequilibrium wall function, and enhanced wall function. The comparison revealed that for lower velocities the best turbulence model-wall treatment couple is the realizable k-∈ model with Reynolds stress model with standard wall function, whereas for higher velocities the standard k-∈ turbulence model is observed to be more compatible with experimental data. The highest pressure value is measured in front of the pickup truck and the lowest pressure value is evaluated at the rim where the windshield and the roof meet. © 2021 Begell House Inc.. All rights reserved
Search for the Reaction Channel E(+)E(-) -> Eta(C)Eta Pi(+)Pi(-) at center-of-mass energies from 4.23 to 4.60 GeV
No full textUsing data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider, we search for the process e(+)e(-) -> eta(c)eta pi(+)pi(-). The search is performed using five large datasets recorded at center-of-mass energies of 4.23, 4.26, 4.36, 4.42, and 4.60 GeV. The eta(c) meson is reconstructed in 16 exclusive decay modes. No signal is observed in the mass region at any center-of-mass energy. The upper limits on the reaction cross sections are determined to be 6.2, 10.8, 27.6, 22.6 and 23.7 pb at the 90% confidence level at the center-of-mass energies listed above
Comparative Performance Analysis of Support Vector Regression and Artificial Neural Network for Prediction of Municipal Solid Waste Generation
No full textThe evolution of machine learning (ML) algorithms provides researchers and engineers with state-of-the-art tools to dynamically model complex relationships. The design and operation of municipal solid waste (MSW) management systems require accurate estimation of generation rates. In this study, we applied rapid, non-linear and non-parametric data driven ML algorithms independently, multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP-ANN) and support vector regression (SVR) models to predict annual MSW generation rates in Bahrain. Models were trained and tested with MSW generation data for period of 1997-2019. The population, gross domestic product, annual tourist numbers, annual electricity consumption and total annual CO2 emissions were selected as explanatory variables and incorporated into developed models. The zero score normalization (ZSN) and minimum maximum normalization (MMN) methods were utilized to improve the quality of data and subsequently enhances the performance of ML algorithms. Statistical metrics were employed to discriminate performance of MLP-ANN and SVR models. The linear, polynomial, radial basis function (RBF) and sigmoid kernel functions were investigated to find the optimal SVR model. Results showed that RBF-SVR model with R-2 value of 0.97% and 4.82% and absolute forecasting error (AFE) for the period of 2008 and 2019 exhibits superior prediction and robustness in comparison to MLP-ANN. The efficacy of MLP-ANN model was also reasonably successful with R-2 value of 0.94. It was shown that MMN pre-processing generated optimal MLP-ANN model while ZSN pre-processing produced optimal RBF-SVR model. This work also highlights the importance of application of ML modelling approaches to plan and implement their roadmap for waste management systems by policymakers
The Effect of Critical Viewing on the Critical Writing Skills of the Translation Studies Students
No full textDeveloping translation students’ critical writing skills is an important issue in academia since they are expected to be critical thinkers and contribute to the field of study. The most important precursor of critical writing is critical reading which is an active, probing, and recursive approach to interpret and use the information and ideas from the text. Meanwhile, keeping in mind the vast explosion of mass media products and technology, critical viewing is unavoidable serving the same purpose of hard-copy texts. Moreover, in recent years, the role of literature as the main component and material of its original texts has accelerated as a teaching of critical thinking and writing rather than a final goal. This paper aims to examine the effect of critical viewing and reading of literary texts on the critical writing skills of undergraduates of the Department of Translation and Interpreting. “Ennis - Weir Critical Thinking Essay Test”, designed by Ennis and Weir in 1985, was used to identify the impact of critical viewing and reading on critical writing skills. In this quasi-experimental study ANOVA, Kruskal- Wallis, and T-test were used to analyze the impact of critical viewing and reading on the critical writing skills of the 30 undergraduates
Study of e+e- →π0X (3872)γ and Search for Zc (4020)0 →x (3872)γ
No full textUsing data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring at center-of-mass energies from 4.178 to 4.600 GeV, we study the process e+e-→π0X(3872)γ and search for Zc(4020)0→X(3872)γ. We find no significant signal and set upper limits on σ(e+e-→π0X(3872)γ)·B(X(3872)→π+π-J/ψ) and σ(e+e-→π0Zc(4020)0)·B(Zc(4020)0→X(3872)γ)·B(X(3872)→π+π-J/ψ) for each energy point at 90% confidence level, which is of the order of several tenths pb