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33. Dani Frane Petrića, Cres, Hrvatska, 21. – 27. rujna 2025 = 33rd Days of Frane Petrić, Cres, Croatia, September 21–27, 2025
No full textIN CROATIAN: Hrvatsko filozofsko društvo, nadahnuto geslom njemačkog filozofa Ernsta Blocha (1885.–1977.), 2025. godine u Cresu organizira međunarodni znanstveni simpozij Pojam budućnosti u filozofiji, znanosti i društvu. Na njemu će se okupiti osamdesetak sudionika iz Hrvatske i inozemstva. Zašto, uopće, simpozij o budućnosti? Zaoštrene globalne rasprave o sudbini svijeta i civilizacije čine filozofskim i znanstvenim imperativom tematizaciju pojma budućnosti, razotkrivanje zamki njegove kolokvijalne (samo) razumljivosti i njegovo smještanje u širi, spram budućnosti ambivalentan društveni kontekst. Promišljati budućnost ujedno znači otvoriti je mnoštvu perspektiva: ontološkoj, epistemološkoj, etičkoj, estetičkoj i političkoj, ali i onima koje tek čekaju da budu otkrivene. U ontologiji i metafizici jedno je od temeljnih pitanja može li budućnost imati vlastiti ontološki status te kako promišljati njezinu zbiljnost u terminima potencijalnosti, mogućnosti ili nužnosti. Može li se govoriti o postojanju onoga što još nije postalo? Prema eternalizmu, budućnost postoji istodobno s prošlošću i sadašnjošću, što nadilazi naše iskustvo linearnog protoka vremena, ali pronalazi uporište u teoriji relativnosti. Nasuprot tomu, prezentizam i teorija rastućeg bloka odbacuju postojanje budućnosti, a time i mogućnost da budući događaji utječu na prošle (retrokauzalnost). Iz perspektive filozofije vremena budućnost se često promatra kao rezultat protoka vremena, koji slijedi prošlost i sadašnjost i čije se konture dohvaćaju tek spekulativnim putem. U kontekstu filozofije povijesti budućnost dobiva na značaju paralelno s prosvjetiteljskim razumijevanjem povijesti kao linearne i vođene idejom napretka. Za Kanta, primjerice, budućnost predstavlja vrijeme odrastanja koje prati odbacivanje svih autoriteta – političkih i religijskih, dok za Hegela budućnost obećava slobodu u punini ljudskoga. Budućnost, kako ističe Bloch, egzistira u području »još-ne-svjesnog, još-ne-postalog«, pa je prepuna potencijala, golicajući čovjekovu maštu, hraneći njegovu nadu i izazivajući njegove strahove. Težnja prema neostvarenome, a onda i budućem, univerzalno je obilježje ljudskosti: oblik je to nadilaženja i transcendiranja postojećega u smjeru ostvarenja potpunije slobode čovjeka i boljega svijeta koji ga okružuje. Otuda čovjekova usmjerenost na »vizije budućih mogućnosti«, utopije, budućnosne imaginarije ili scenarije budućnosti. No tko su realizatori tih vizija, arhitekti budućnosti? Reformatori ili revolucionari? Najugroženiji i najnesretniji, kojima promjena sadašnjosti znači egzistencijalnu nužnost? Filozofi? Ili pak oni koji imaju na raspolaganju alate promjene – znanstvene, tehničke, tehnološke, političke, duhovno-religijske, umjetničke i druge? Koja je uloga mašte u zamišljajima budućnosti i zahtijeva li naziranje njezinih kontura dobro poznavanje i kritiku društvene stvarnosti? U razmatranjima budućnosti u etici i filozofiji politike, suvremena kriza mišljenja (bolje) budućnosti ili »pristranosti za budućnost« često je praćena kritikom ideje napretka kao zapadnjačke ideologije koja vodi u kolonizaciju i destrukciju života, gubitkom vjere u čovjekove intelektualne i moralne sposobnosti oblikovanja boljega svijeta te sumnjom u alate – prije svega znanstvene i tehnološke – koji umjesto u utopiju vode u apokalipsu. To osobito dolazi do izražaja u kontekstu dalekosežne moći suvremenih znanstvenih dostignuća i njihova spasiteljskog potencijala s jedne strane, te destruktivnih implikacija s druge, otvarajući brojna etička pitanja odgovornosti prema čovjeku budućnosti i budućnosti čovječanstva. Pritom se neizbježno postavlja pitanje dolazi li s krizom mišljenja budućnosti i do krize čovjeka kao takvog te je li time historija, svedena na niz ponavljajućih sadašnjosti, došla do svojeg kraja. S druge strane, na tragu Berdjajeva i suvremenih duhovnih pokreta, kao i Hansa Jonasa i njegove ekološko-etičke kritike utopije, otvara se pitanje vodi li orijentacija spram budućnosti instrumentalizaciji sadašnjosti, odnosno njezinu žrtvovanju u ime još-ne-postojećeg čovjeka budućnosti. U determinističkom (i fatalističkom) ključu postavlja se i pitanje treba li možda mišljenje i kreiranje budućnosti prepustiti nekom drugom – ne-ljudskom, onostranom, bilo da je riječ o božanskoj ili umjetnoj inteligenciji. Slojevitost samog pojma budućnosti pokazuje, međutim, da ga ni filozofija, uključujući i svoje etičke i političke dimenzije, ne može iscrpiti u potpunosti. Njegovo razumijevanje traži širi dijalog sa znanošću, umjetnošću, tehnologijom i društvenom praksom. Upravo stoga simpozij Pojam budućnosti u filozofiji, znanosti i društvu otvara prostor interdisciplinarnim raspravama. U tom će se okviru razmatrati bioetika, pedagogija budućnosti i uloga znanja u kapitalizmu, umjetničke i urbanističke vizije nadolazećeg te teološke refleksije o nadi, konačnosti i eshatološkim horizontima. Posebna se pozornost posvećuje tehnici i tehnologiji – umjetnoj inteligenciji, biotehnologiji i digitalnoj kulturi – kao i utopijama i distopijama koje oblikuju kulturno pamćenje i društveno sanjanje. Filozofska refleksija tako se povezuje s aktualnim izazovima, od klimatske krize i održivog razvoja do novih oblika digitalne i medijske stvarnosti. 1 Sve se to odvija u sklopu 33. Dana Frane Petrića u Cresu, koji se ove godine održavaju uz suorganizaciju Instituta za društvena istraživanja u Zagrebu. Sudjelovanje Instituta dodatno naglašava interdisciplinarni karakter simpozija: filozofske uvide o budućnosti nadopunjuju empirijska i društveno-znanstvena istraživanja, osobito u području odgoja i obrazovanja, ekologije, urbanizma, mladih i društvenih promjena. Osobitu težinu programu simpozija daju doprinosi dvojice plenarnih izlagača: profesor Roberto Poli sa Sveučilišta u Trentu, nositelj UNESCO-ove Katedre za anticipatorne sustave i utemeljitelj poslijediplomskog studija društvenog predviđanja, te profesor emeritus Gregory Claeys s Royal Holloway, Sveučilišta u Londonu, međunarodno priznati istraživač utopijskih i distopijskih tradicija i autor niza knjiga, među kojima je i Utopianism for a Dying Planet (Princeton, 2022). Njihova izlaganja usmjeravaju raspravu u dva ključna smjera: teorijsko-metodološki okvir budućnosnih studija te kritičko suočavanje s aktualnim globalnim prijetnjama i mogućnostima. Dodatni okvir dijalogu pruža okrugli stol Tehnobudućnosti i granice ljudskog, posvećen istraživanju granica egzistencije, slobode i odgovornosti u doba nadolazećih tehnologija – od umjetne inteligencije i njezine podrške neurodivergentnim osobama, preko rodno uvjetovanih povreda deepfake pornografije, do bioetičkih dvojbi oko surogatstva. U susretu različitih perspektiva nastoji se rasvijetliti na koje sve načine nove tehnologije razotkrivaju i uznemiruju granice bivanja čovjekom. Kulturno-umjetnički dio programa donosi i filmsku dimenziju: prikazat će se dokumentarni film Blum – Gospodari svoje budućnosti nagrađivane bosanskohercegovačke redateljice Jasmile Žbanić. Film kroz životnu priču Emerika Bluma, vizionara i utemeljitelja sarajevskog Energoinvesta, istražuje pitanje kako pojedinac može preuzeti vlast nad vlastitom sudbinom i ostvariti ono što se u jednom trenutku činilo tek utopijskim snom. Na taj način, projekcija ne nudi samo umjetnički doživljaj, nego i snažan poticaj za promišljanje odnosa između osobne hrabrosti, društvene odgovornosti i mogućnosti da se budućnost oblikuje iznutra, vlastitim djelovanjem i stvaralačkom energijom. Zaključno vrijedi podsjetiti da se upravo 2025. godine obilježava 140. obljetnica rođenja Ernsta Blocha, filozofa nade i utopije. Njegova filozofija nas i dalje podsjeća da budućnost nije tek zastrašujući prizor od kojeg treba odvratiti pogled, niti laka i sigurna nagrada na dohvat ruke, već izazov koji zahtijeva aktivno, kritičko i stvaralačko mišljenje te (su)djelovanje u sadašnjosti. Ovaj simpozij predstavlja korak u tom smjeru. -------------- IN ENGLSIH: Inspired by the maxim of the German philosopher Ernst Bloch (1885– 1977), the Croatian Philosophical Society is organizing in 2025, in the town of Cres, an international scholarly symposium The Concept of the Future in Philosophy, Science, and Society. The event will bring together around eighty participants from Croatia and abroad. Why a symposium on the future, after all? The sharpening global debates about the future of the world and civilization make it imperative to philosophically and scientifically address the concept of the future, to uncover the pitfalls of its colloquial (self-)evidence, and to situate it within a broader social and cultural context marked by ambivalence toward the future. To reflect on the future also means to open it to a multitude of perspectives: ontological, epistemological, ethical, aesthetic, and political, as well as those still awaiting discovery. In ontology and metaphysics, one of the fundamental questions is whether the future can have its own ontological status and how to think about its reality in terms of potentiality, possibility, or necessity. Can we speak of the existence of what has not yet come to be? According to eternalism, the future exists simultaneously with the past and the present, which goes beyond our experience of the linear flow of time but finds support in the theory of relativity. In contrast, presentism and the theory of the growing block reject the existence of the future and, with it, the possibility that future events might affect the past (retrocausality). From the perspective of the philosophy of time, the future is often viewed as a result of the passage of time, following the past and the pre16 sent, and whose contours can only be grasped speculatively. In the context of the philosophy of history, the future gained prominence alongside the Enlightenment understanding of history as linear and guided by the idea of progress. For Kant, for example, the future represents the time of maturation that entails the rejection of all authorities – political and religious – while for Hegel, the future promises freedom in the fullness of the human. The future, as Bloch emphasized, exists in the realm of the “not-yet-conscious, not-yet-become,” and is therefore full of potential: teasing human imagination, feeding hope, and provoking fear. The striving toward the unrealized, and thus toward the future, is a universal feature of humanity: it represents a form of overcoming and transcending the present in pursuit of fuller human freedom and a better world. Hence, humanity’s orientation toward “visions of future possibilities,” utopias, imaginaries of the future, or scenarios of what is to come. But who are the realizers of these visions, the architects of the future? Reformers or revolutionaries? The most vulnerable and the most afflicted, for whom changing the present is an existential necessity? Philosophers? Or those who hold in their hands the tools of change – scientific, technical, technological, political, spiritual-religious, artistic, and others? What role does imagination play in conceiving the future, and does anticipating its contours require profound knowledge and critique of social reality? In ethical and political philosophy, the contemporary crisis of thinking about (a better) future, or of having a “bias toward the future”, is often accompanied by a critique of the idea of progress as a Western ideology that leads to colonization and the destruction of life, by a loss of faith in humanity’s intellectual and moral capacities to shape a better world, and by suspicion of the very tools – above all scientific and technological – that, instead of leading to utopia, may lead to apocalypse. This is particularly evident in the far-reaching power of modern scientific achievements and their salvific potential on the one hand, and their destructive implications on the other, opening numerous ethical questions of responsibility toward the human being of the future and the future of humanity itself. This inevitably raises the question: does the crisis of thinking about the future also entail a crisis of humanity as such, and has history, reduced to a sequence of recurring presents, thereby reached its end? On the other hand, following Berdyaev and contemporary spiritual movements, as well as Hans Jonas17 and his ecological-ethical critique of utopia, one may ask whether orientation toward the future leads to the instrumentalization of the present – its sacrifice in the name of the not-yet-existent human being of the future. From a deterministic (and fatalistic) standpoint, one may also ask whether thinking and shaping the future should perhaps be entrusted to another – non-human, transcendent entity, whether divine or artificial intelligence. The very complexity of the concept of the future shows, however, that philosophy, including its ethical and political dimensions, cannot exhaust it on its own. Understanding it requires a broader dialogue with science, art, technology, and social practice. It is for this reason that the symposium The Concept of the Future in Philosophy, Science, and Society opens a space for interdisciplinary debate. Within this framework, discussions will address bioethics, the pedagogy of the future, and the role of knowledge in capitalism, artistic and urban visions of what is to come, as well as theological reflections on hope, finitude, and eschatological horizons. Special attention will be given to technology – artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and digital culture – and to the utopias and dystopias that shape cultural memory and social imagination. Philosophical reflection thus connects directly with contemporary challenges, from the climate crisis and sustainable development to new forms of digital and media reality.2 All of this takes place as part of the 33rd Days of Frane Petrić in Cres, which this year are being held in co-organization with the Institute for Social Research in Zagreb. The Institute’s participation further underscores the interdisciplinary character of the gathering: philosophical insights into the future are complemented by empirical and social-scientific research, especially in the fields of education, ecology, urbanism, youth, and social change. Adding particular gravity to the program are the contributions of two plenary speakers: Professor Roberto Poli of the University of Trento, holder of the UNESCO Chair in Anticipatory Systems and founder of the postgraduate program in social forecasting, and Professor Emeritus Gregory Claeys of Royal Holloway, University of London, an internationally recognized scholar of utopian and dystopian traditions and author of numerous works, including Utopianism for a Dying Planet (Princeton, 2022). Their 2 Symbolically, artificial intelligence was also used in preparing this book of abstracts, primarily for translation and proofreading, which confirms its ubiquitous role in scientific work.18 lectures guide the discussion in two key directions: the theoretical and methodological framework of futures studies, and the critical confrontation with current global threats and opportunities. An additional framework for the dialogue is provided by the roundtable Techno Futures, Human Limits, dedicated to exploring the boundaries of existence, freedom, and responsibility in the age of emerging technologies – from artificial intelligence and its support for neurodivergent individuals, through gender-based harms of deepfake pornography, to bioethical dilemmas surrounding surrogacy. By bringing diverse perspectives into conversation, the roundtable seeks to illuminate the many ways in which new technologies reveal and unsettle the boundaries of being human. The cultural and artistic part of the program also brings a cinematic dimension: the documentary Blum – Masters of Their Own Destiny by awardwinning Bosnian director Jasmila Žbanić will be screened. Through the life story of Emerik Blum, visionary and founder of Sarajevo’s Energoinvest, the film explores the question of how an individual can take command of their own destiny and realize what once seemed to be no more than a utopian dream. In this way, the screening offers not only an artistic experience, but also a powerful stimulus for reflecting on the relation between personal courage, social responsibility, and the possibility of shaping the future from within, through one’s own action and creative energy. Finally, it is worth recalling that the year 2025 marks the 140th anniversary of the birth of Ernst Bloch, the philosopher of hope and utopia. His philosophy continues to remind us that the future is not merely a terrifying vision to turn away from, nor an easy and certain reward within reach, but a challenge that demands active, critical, and creative thinking as well as (co-)action in the present. This symposium represents a step in that direction
Engaged teachers: how motivation for the teaching profession and teachers’ goal orientations shape their work engagement?
No full textIN ENGLISH: Recent studies on teachers’ occupational well-being and motivation strive to integrate different theoretical frameworks to explain educational outcomes. However, findings regarding the association between teacher motivation and classroom behavior remain inconclusive and often lack parallel perspectives from both teachers and students, suggesting that the underlying mechanisms of this relationship are still unclear. Accordingly, this study aimed to explore the relationship between motivation for choosing a teaching career and both self- and student-assessed teachers’ work engagement, considering the potential mediating role of teachers’ goal orientations. The sample included 1725 students and their 109 early-career elementary school teachers. A multilevel analysis revealed the significance of specific motives for choosing a teaching career and achievement goals for teachers’ work engagement from both teachers’ and students’ perspectives. These results provide a more nuanced understanding of teachers’ occupational well-being, offering theoretical and practical implications that might be of a particular relevance for early-career teachers. --------------- IN CROATIAN: Novija istraživanja o profesionalnoj dobrobiti i motivaciji učitelja nastoje integrirati različite teorijske okvire kako bi se objasnili različiti obrazovni ishodi. Međutim, nalazi o povezanosti motivacije učitelja i njihovog ponašanja u učionici nisu jednoznačni te uglavnom ne uključuju usporedne perspektive učitelja i učenika, što upućuje na to da su temeljni mehanizmi tog odnosa još uvijek nejasni. Sukladno tome, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati odnos između motivacije za odabir učiteljskog zanimanja i radne angažiranosti učitelja, procijenjene i od strane samih učitelja i od strane njihovih učenika, uz razmatranje potencijalne medijacijske uloge učiteljskih ciljnih orijentacija. Uzorak je obuhvatio 1725 učenika i 109 učitelja razredne nastave na početku karijere. Nalazi višerazinske analize upućuju na važnost pojedinih motiva odabira učiteljskog zanimanja i ciljnih orijentacija za radnu angažiranost učitelja, promatrano iz obje perspektive – učiteljske i učeničke. Dobiveni rezultati doprinose dubljem razumijevanju profesionalne dobrobiti učitelja te nude teorijske i praktične implikacije koje mogu biti osobito relevantne za učitelje na početku karijere
Sexual abuse and the Catholic Church in Croatia: cases but not (yet?) scandals
No full textThis chapter focuses on the sexual abuse committed by the Catholic clergy in Croatia. It investigates whether several publicly discussed cases of abuse have become full-fledged scandals that have affected the Catholic Church’s reputation in the country. Theoretically, the chapter follows the work of Céline Béraud on sexual abuse scandals in French Catholicism – that is, it asks why and how cases of abuse transform into scandals. It also draws on research on how the media present sexual abuse cases, both internationally and in Croatia. Empirically, the chapter is based on how four leading national and regional newspapers covered six prominent cases of priests accused of sexually abusing minors. The analysis revealed that these cases were not covered extensively and that some newspapers published a surprisingly low number of articles about them. Based also on other elements, the chapter concludes that the newspapers in question presented the cases as isolated instances rather than examples of a major social problem. It seems that the cases did not affect the social standing of the Catholic Church. The chapter discusses several reasons for this, including the historical position of the church in Croatia and how society deals with sexual abuse more generally
To leave or not to leave: experiences of university-student dropouts in Croatia
No full textThe paper examines the experiences of university dropouts in Croatia, with a focus on individual and institutional habitus. Theoretical background of the paper was based on Bourdieu’s (1977, 1986), and Reay, David & Ball’s (2001) work on inequalities, habitus and students’ integration. Qualitative methodology was used and 24 semi-structured interviews were conducted in year 2022. with persons who dropped out of higher education in Croatia. The main research topics included the students’ habitus, the reasons of dropping out and the role of higher education institutions. Main reasons for dropping out of studies were motivational reasons, health reasons and employment. The findings indicated weak institutional support related to the process of dropping out of studies and the absence of institutional attempts to prevent the students’ drop-out. On a subsample of first-generation students, we analysed the correspondence between students’ family habitus the new habitus. The findings show that students who developed a new habitus and felt the connection and integration with the new educational field were more inclined to return to higher education at some point in life. Policy recommendations for preventing dropout from higher education are also discussed in the light of the study findings
X. nacionalni kongres Hrvatskog sociološkog društva - Procesi fundamentalnih društvenih transformacija: zdravlje, starenje, useljavanje: knjiga sažetaka
No full textZbornik sažetaka X. nacionalnog kongresa Hrvatskog sociološkog društva - Procesi fundamentalnih društvenih transformacija: zdravlje, starenje, useljavanje
Opterećenje akademskim ulogama i zadovoljstvo poslom hrvatskih znanstvenika: skupni izvještaj uvodnog dijela anketnih istraživanja HRZZ RESETH (2024) „Profesionalna etika hrvatskih znanstvenika“ i „Društvena odgovornost hrvatskih znanstvenika“ (2024)
No full textThe well-being of young people in Europe during the pandemic: the social ties, labor market integration, and the social inequalities
Full text linkIN ENGLISH: This chapter analyzes the relationships between life satisfaction and three dimensions of integration: social ties, participation in the labor market, and political participation among the European youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although it is commonly presumed that a higher level of social integration corresponds to a greater level of life satisfaction it is important to explore whether certain forms of integration may be associated with greater dissatisfaction and frustration. For instance, under certain circumstances, dissatisfaction might motivate greater political participation and involvement in various social networks. In other words, it is of interest to ascertain whether dissatisfaction might, in fact, foster a greater propensity to connect with others and engage in collective actions. We address this problem by using multilevel data. The individual-level data come from the tenth cycle of the European Social Survey (ESS10-2018), conducted across 31 countries during the years 2020–2022. Since our study focuses on youth, a sub-population comprising individuals aged 15–35 years was extracted. In order to control for the contextual-level data, we employed two standard indicators, GINI and GDP per capita. The results show that the various forms of integration—closer social ties, being a member of an ethnic majority, labor market integration, and some forms of political participation (voting)—are associated with greater life satisfaction. ------------- IN CROATIAN: Ovo poglavlje analizira odnose između zadovoljstva životom i triju dimenzija integracije: društvenih veza, sudjelovanja na tržištu rada i političkog sudjelovanja među europskom omladinom tijekom pandemije COVID-19. Iako se obično pretpostavlja da viša razina socijalne integracije vodi prema većem zadovoljstvu životom, važno je istražiti mogu li određeni oblici integracije biti povezani s većim nezadovoljstvom i frustracijom. Primjerice, u određenim okolnostima, nezadovoljstvo može potaknuti veće političko sudjelovanje i uključivanje u raznovrsne društvene mreže. Drugim riječima, zanimljivo je istražiti može li nezadovoljstvo, zapravo, motivirati veću sklonost povezivanju s drugima i uključivanju u kolektivne akcije.
Ovo pitanje istražuje se korištenjem podataka na višestrukim razinama. Podaci na individualnoj razini prikupljeni su tijekom desetog ciklusa Europskog socijalnog istraživanja (ESS10-2018), provedenog u 31 zemlji u razdoblju od 2020. do 2022. godine. Budući da je fokus studije na mladima, izdvojena je subpopulacija pojedinaca u dobi od 15 do 35 godina. Kako bi se uzeli u obzir kontekstualni čimbenici, korištena su dva standardna pokazatelja: GINI indeks i BDP po glavi stanovnika. Rezultati pokazuju da su različiti oblici integracije – bliže društvene veze, pripadnost etničkoj većini, integracija na tržište rada te određeni oblici političkog sudjelovanja (primjerice glasovanje) – povezani s višom razinom zadovoljstva životom
Early career teachers’ social and emotional competencies, self-efficacy and burnout: a mediation model
Full text linkIN ENGLISH: Teacher well-being has increasingly become a prominent research topic due to its significant impact on various teacher and student outcomes. This focus is particularly crucial for early career teachers, who often encounter numerous challenges at the beginning of their careers, leading to elevated levels of stress and burnout. Our study aimed to examine the relationship between social and emotional competencies and burnout of early career teachers and the potential mediating role of teacher self-efficacy in this relationship. A total of 657 Croatian subject teachers with up to 5 years of experience participated in the study. Structural equation modelling was implemented to test models of hypothesised relations for the overall burnout as a dependent variable and for each burnout dimension: exhaustion, mental distance, cognitive impairment, and emotional impairment. Tested models singled out self-management and social awareness as two social and emotional competencies that are, along with teacher self-efficacy, particularly predictive of burnout. Self-management predicted lower overall burnout and teacher self-efficacy partially mediated this relationship. Social awareness also predicted lower burnout in teachers, but this relationship was fully mediated by teacher self-efficacy. Early career teachers who are better at managing and motivating themselves, who are socially aware and behave more prosocially were feeling more efficacious as teachers and, subsequently, displayed fewer symptoms of burnout. At the level of burnout dimensions, the overall pattern of relations was mainly retained, indicating that self-management and social awareness are particularly predictive of the four burnout dimensions and that self-efficacy plays a mediating role, either partially or fully, in this relationship. Our findings are especially important in light of the knowledge about early years in teaching being a critical period for teacher career development. They suggest that new teachers could benefit from well-structured mentoring and induction programs designed to ease their transition into schools and foster their well-being in the initial years of teaching. --------------- IN CROATIAN: Dobrobit učitelja postala je istaknuta tema istraživanja zbog značajnog utjecaja na različite ishode kod učitelja i učenika. Radi se o posebno važnoj temi za učitelje u ranoj fazi karijere, koji se često susreću s brojnim izazovima na početku rada, što dovodi do povišenih razina stresa i sagorijevanja. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati odnos između socio-emocionalnih kompetencija i sagorijevanja učitelja u ranoj fazi karijere te potencijalnu medijacijsku ulogu učiteljske samoefikasnosti u tom odnosu. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 657 hrvatskih učitelja predmetne nastave s do 5 godina radnog iskustva. Modeliranje strukturnim jednadžbama provedeno je kako bi se testirali modeli odnosa za ukupno sagorijevanje kao zavisnu varijablu i za svaku dimenziju sagorijevanja posebno: iscrpljenost, mentalno distanciranje, narušeno kognitivno funkcioniranje i narušeno emocionalno funkcioniranje. Testirani modeli izdvajaju upravljanje sobom i svijest o drugima kao dvije socio-emocionalne kompetencije koje su, uz samoefikasnost učitelja, posebno prediktivne za sagorijevanje. Upravljanje sobom je predvidjelo niže ukupno sagorijevanje, a samoefikasnost učitelja djelomično je posredovala u ovom odnosu. Svijest o drugima također je predviđala manje sagorijevanje kod učitelja, ali ovaj je odnos u potpunosti bio posredovan samoefikasnošću učitelja. Učitelji u ranoj fazi karijere koji su bolji u upravljanju i motiviranju samih sebe, koji su društveno osviješteni i ponašaju se prosocijalnije, osjećali su se učinkovitijima kao učitelji i, posljedično, pokazivali manje simptoma sagorijevanja. Na razini dimenzija sagorijevanja, opći obrazac odnosa uglavnom je zadržan, što ukazuje da su upravljanje sobom i svijest o drugima posebno prediktivni za četiri dimenzije sagorijevanja i da samoefikasnost ima ulogu medijatora, bilo djelomičnog ili potpunog, u ovom odnosu. Ovi nalazi su posebno važni u svjetlu saznanja da su rane godine u nastavi kritično razdoblje za razvoj karijere učitelja. Sugeriraju da bi novi učitelji mogli imati koristi od dobro strukturiranog mentorstva i uvodnih programa osmišljenih da im olakšaju prijelaz u škole i potaknu njihovu dobrobit u prvim godinama poučavanja
Why history matters?: populist radical right governments in the EU and their foreign policy
No full textIN ENGLISH: Four European populist radical right (PRR) prime minister parties (PiS, Fidesz, SDS and FdI) have displayed differing approaches to foreign policy. In part, these differences can be explained by their specific visions of history. Central and Eastern European (CEE) parties such as PiS, Fidesz and to a certain extent SDS, became more radical and Eurosceptic when in power. FdI, on the other hand, became less Eurosceptic and more mainstream after coming to power. CEE parties have constructed their identities around anti-communism and the notion of Western betrayal, making the liberal West and the EU their significant Other. On the contrary, for FdI it is more difficult to have the EU as a significant Other in the same sense, because Italy was a founding member of the EU and its historical grievances are not directed at the West. The Russian invasion of Ukraine has also been approached and used differently by the leaders of these parties. Giorgia Meloni, Janez Janša and, at least initially, Jarosław Kaczyński used the war to strengthen their European credentials, while Viktor Orbán used it to intensify his fight against the liberal West. --------------- IN CROATIAN: Četiri europske populističke radikalno desne vladajuće stranke (PiS, Fidesz, SDS i Braća Italije) pokazale su različite pristupe vanjskoj politici. Te se razlike djelomično mogu objasniti njihovim specifičnim viđenjima povijesti. Stranke iz Srednje i Istočne Europe, PiS, Fidesz i donekle SDS, postale su radikalnije i euroskeptičnije kada su bile na vlasti. Braća Italije su, s druge strane, nakon dolaska na vlast postali manje euroskeptični i više mainstream. Stranke iz Srednje i Istočne Europe izgradile su svoj identitet na antikomunizmu i konceptu izdaje od strane Zapada, učinivši liberalni Zapad i EU svojim značajnim Drugim. S druge strane, za Braću Italije je teže imati EU kao značajnog Drugog u istom smislu, jer je Italija zemlja utemeljiteljica EU i njezine povijesne traume nisu usmjerene prema Zapadu. Čelnici ovih stranaka također su različito pristupili invaziji Rusije na Ukrajinu i koristili je na različite načine. Giorgia Meloni, Janez Janša i, barem u početku, Jarosław Kaczyński iskoristili su rat za jačanje svoje proeuropske vjerodostojnosti, dok ga je Viktor Orbán iskoristio za intenziviranje borbe protiv liberalnog Zapada
Slovenian and Croatian youth and their civic and political participation
Full text linkIN ENGLISH: This chapter investigates civic and political participation among youth in Croatia and Slovenia, with a focus on trends before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Using survey and qualitative data, it reveals persistently low levels of institutional political engagement, particularly in Croatia, where trust in political institutions remains among the lowest in the EU. Slovenian youth demonstrate slightly higher but still modest levels of electoral participation, with generational disillusionment evident in both contexts. At the same time, non-institutional forms of engagement, such as protests, online activism, and issue-based mobilisation, have grown, especially around environmental, social justice, and corruption-related concerns. The pandemic accelerated the use of digital tools for political expression, though digital activism rarely translated into sustained offline participation. Structural barriers, including precarious employment and weak civic education, further limit youth engagement, while many express feelings of political inefficacy and marginalisation. Policy implications call for stronger investment in civic education, mechanisms for youth-inclusive decision-making, and platforms that bridge online and offline participation to revitalise democratic trust and empower young citizens. --------------- IN CROATIAN: Ovo poglavlje istražuje građansko i političko sudjelovanje mladih u Hrvatskoj i Sloveniji, s naglaskom na trendove prije i nakon pandemije COVID-19. Na temelju anketnih i kvalitativnih podataka otkriva se trajno niska razina institucionalne političke angažiranosti, osobito u Hrvatskoj, gdje je povjerenje u političke institucije među najnižima u EU-u. Slovenski mladi pokazuju nešto višu, ali i dalje skromnu razinu izbornog sudjelovanja, pri čemu je generacijsko razočaranje vidljivo u oba konteksta. Istodobno su porasli neinstitucionalni oblici angažmana, poput prosvjeda, online aktivizma i mobilizacije oko pojedinih pitanja, osobito onih povezanih s okolišem, društvenom pravdom i korupcijom. Pandemija je ubrzala korištenje digitalnih alata za političko izražavanje, iako se digitalni aktivizam rijetko pretvarao u trajno offline sudjelovanje. Strukturne prepreke, uključujući nesigurna zaposlenja i slab građanski odgoj, dodatno ograničavaju angažman mladih, dok mnogi izražavaju osjećaje političke nemoći i marginalizacije. Preporuke za politike uključuju snažnija ulaganja u građanski odgoj, mehanizme za uključivanje mladih u donošenje odluka te platforme koje povezuju online i offline sudjelovanje kako bi se obnovilo demokratsko povjerenje i osnažili mladi građani