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Jasenka Kodrnja: The diary of a woman in labor
Get PDFIN ENGLISH: Jasenka Kodrnja (1946, Zagreb–2010, Zagreb) was a Croatian sociologist, philosopher, feminist activist, a poet, and one of the certainly more interesting figures on the Yugoslav and, later, Croatian intellectual scene. The argument for the latter should be found in her uncompromising nature and exceptional courage in the fight for her own convictions, a fight she was more than happy to bring to the public sphere without worrying too much about how many feathers she would ruffle while doing so. A good example of this is precisely the article “The Diary of a Woman in Labor,” published in 1981 in one of the most popular and widely read Yugoslav magazines, Start. --------------- IN CROATIAN: Jasenka Kodrnja (1946.–2010.) hrvatska je sociologinja, filozofkinja, feministička aktivistica, pjesnikinja i jedna od svakako zanimljivijih osoba jugoslavenske, a kasnije i hrvatske intelektualne scene. Argument za potonje treba tražiti u njezinoj beskompromisnosti i iznimnoj hrabrosti u borbi za vlastita uvjerenja, borbi koju je rado prenosila u javnu sferu ne brinući previše o tome hoće li se netko naći uvrijeđen. Dobar primjer za to je upravo članak “Dnevnik jedne rodilje” objavljen 1981. godine u jednom od najpopularnijih i najčitanijih jugoslavenskih časopisa Start
Embedding anticipatory governance in Europe's transitions: a policy brief by the Expert Group on the Economic and Societal Impact of Research and Innovation (ESIR)
Get PDFThe current century is marked by unprecedented technology developments. While
leading on some of them, the EU is struggling to keep pace on others. Attempting to
revive its global position in the 2024-2029 policy cycle, the EU will need to remain
cognizant of the fact that technology is an integral part of the broader societal
transitions, and it must respect the overarching planetary boundaries. These are
some of the reasons why technology governance is needed to orchestrate developments
in line with European values.
In the context of the overwhelming pace and scale of technology development, a
proactive framework is needed to address its ethical, social, environmental and
economic implications. Ensuring accountability and public trust requires restoring
citizens’ and consumers’ sense of agency, which is ever more difficult in the face of the
steady progress of the big tech companies. This is the logic behind the recent EU
legislation which aims to create a new digital social contract and replaces ex post
enforcement with ex ante regulation.
In the meantime, research and innovation policy has evolved to be increasingly
focused on the larger, transformative change, recognising the complexity of
innovation and need for a systems-approach. Openness and transparent sharing of
information about how technologies are developed and deployed are important
foundational principles of responsible innovation and governance. Governments and
international institutions cannot stand still but require greater knowledge and capacity to
deal with complex problems. Understanding the rate of technological change and its
underlying logic is a prerequisite of effective governance. This is particularly true in the
current period of technology convergence, where developments in different disciplines
are often combined.
Decisions about the choice of a governance method need to reflect the
technology’s maturity as well as its intrinsic characteristics, including the risks it
poses. Available options range from “doing nothing”, to self-regulation, awareness raising, labelling, nudging, co-regulation, all the way to prescriptive regulatory measures.
An integrated approach needs to acknowledge that policy development is a multistakeholder effort, not limited to governments. Due to the complexity and global scope
of modern technologies like AI, genetic engineering, and quantum computing,
governance frameworks need to be both comprehensive and flexible. They should
address present challenges while also anticipating future advancements.
In the new EU cycle, with much centrality attached to technology development,
alternative futures, rather than a single future, need to be examined to enhance
policy resilience. A complete spectrum of policy options needs to be considered,
including “by design” approaches. Adequate space ought to be preserved for uncertainty
and adaptation when choosing among policy options. Experimentation needs to be a
permanent part of the toolbox, as well as regulatory sandboxes and greenhouses.
Appropriate protocols, regular audits and compliance mechanisms are helpful to ensure
safety. Protecting data and infrastructure from security threats is of essence. A high
degree of transparency is needed for public trust. Finally, international cooperation
brings additional value and should be the default position, unless outweighed by risks.
Investing in technology revival and ensuring that technology has a sound
governance framework are not only mutually compatible, but also reinforcing
objectives. They should become EU priorities in the forthcoming term on an equal part
Social mix in Zagreb’s large housing estates
Get PDFIN ENGLISH: In Western and Northern Europe, post-war large housing estates (LHEs) stand out as areas of segregated and minority-populated housing, and have faced numerous attempts of reconstruction with the idea of social mixing. LHEs in Central and Eastern Europe had different developmental pathways. The heterogeneous structure of these estates has persisted until today, but due to the systematic neglect and aging, the estates are threatened by physical and social deterioration. The analysis is based on a survey conducted in Croatia in 2022 on two types of housing estates (socialist and post-socialist; N (Zagreb = 657). The results confirm that the social composition in both types of estates is mixed, with a predominance of middle-class residents and without pronounced social differences. The residential satisfaction is high, so the majority of residents are stayers. Nevertheless, certain regeneration policies should be adopted because the population of the socialist LHEs is aging, which could jeopardize the present heterogeneity and make maintenance of multifamily buildings more challenging, thus contributing to further deterioration of the estates. - --------------- IN CROATIAN: U zapadnoj i sjevernoj Europi velika stambena naselja iz razdoblja nakon Drugog svjetskog rata ističu se kao područja segregiranog stanovanja za manjinsku populaciju te su bila podvrgnuta brojnim pokušajima obnove u cilju ostvarivanja društvene mješovitosti. Velika stambena naselja u srednjoj i istočnoj Europi imala su drugačije razvojne putanje. Heterogena struktura tih naselja održala se do danas, no zbog sustavnog zanemarivanja i starenja ova su naselja ugrožena fizičkom i društvenom degradacijom. Analiza se temelji na istraživanju provedenom u Hrvatskoj 2022. godine na dvije vrste stambenih naselja (socijalističkim i postsocijalističkim; N (Zagreb = 657). Rezultati potvrđuju da je socijalna struktura u obje vrste naselja mješovita, naseljena su pretežno stanovnicima srednje klase i bez izraženih socijalnih razlika. Zadovoljstvo stanovanjem je visoko, tako da većina stanovnika želi ostati stanovati u trenutnom naselju (engl. stayers). Ipak, trebalo bi usvojiti određene politike za obnovu socijalističkih stambenih naselja jer im stanovništvo stari, što bi moglo ugroziti sadašnju heterogenost i otežati održavanje višestambenih zgrada, pridonoseći daljnjoj zapuštenosti naselja
Time spent using digital technology, loneliness, and well-being among three cohorts of adolescent girls and boys – a moderated mediation analysis
Get PDFSignificant changes to daily life and educational routines due to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in changes in social interactions and might have contributed to an increase in screen-based activities, loneliness, and mental health issues among adolescents. Two years after the pandemic outbreak, the present study examined the relationships between time spent using digital technology (DT), loneliness and well-being among three cohorts of adolescents in Croatia. A moderated mediation model of relationship between time spent using DT and well-being was tested, with loneliness as a potential mediator and gender as a moderator. A nationally representative sample included 3706 11-year-olds, 3866 13-year-olds and 8815 17-year-olds. The study was conducted in lower and upper secondary schools in the spring of 2022. The questionnaire contained a single item self-report measure of time spent using DT and loneliness, while the adapted WHO-5 was used for measuring adolescents’ well-being. Results indicated that time spent using DT was positively associated with loneliness and negatively associated with well-being. Loneliness mediated the relationship between time spent using DT and well-being in all cohorts. This mediation was moderated by gender in the group of 11-year-olds only. Gender moderated the direct effect on well-being among 11- and 13-year-olds. Effects were stronger among girls and younger participants. The results are discussed in light of the displacement hypothesis, which posits that negative effects on well-being are a consequence of the replacement of in-person activities with screen-based activities
Political competence of Croatian secondary school students 2010–2021
Get PDFIN ENGLISH: Political knowledge and democratic attitudes are recognized in contemporary studies as important dimensions of democratic political culture. Furthermore, knowledge and attitudes can be seen as integral parts of political competence. Unlike other dimensions of political culture such as, for example, political participation, political interest, etc., research on political knowledge and democratic attitudes are more an exception than a rule. This assessment is especially true for Croatia. In this paper, we attempt to address some of these gaps by focusing on the exploration of political competences of Croatian final-year secondary school students. The paper is divided into two major sections. In the first part, we discuss the meaning and importance of political competence for the functioning of democratic political systems. The second part consists of a presentation and discussion of the research results on political knowledge and democratic attitudes of Croatian final-year secondary school students conducted in three time points - 2010, 2015 and 2021. By doing so, we want to detect the levels of political knowledge and democratic attitudes, as well as the possible changes that occurred in these levels during the research period. Finally, we are also interested in the relationship between these two dimensions of political competence. --------------- IN CROATIAN: U suvremenim studijama, političko znanje i demokratski stavovi prepoznati su kao važne dimenzije demokratske političke kulture. Štoviše, znanje i stavovi mogu se promatrati kao integralni dijelovi političke kompetencije. Za razliku od drugih dimenzija političke kulture kao što su, primjerice, politička participacija, politički interes i sl., istraživanja političkih znanja i demokratskih stavova više su iznimka nego pravilo. Ova ocjena posebno vrijedi za Hrvatsku. U ovom radu pokušavamo adresirati neke od nedovoljno istraženih tema, fokusirajući se na istraživanje političkih kompetencija hrvatskih učenika završnih razreda srednjih škola. Rad je podijeljen u dva dijela. U prvom dijelu raspravljamo o značenju i važnosti političke kompetencije za funkcioniranje demokratskih političkih sustava. Drugi dio sastoji se od prezentacije i rasprave o rezultatima istraživanja političkih znanja i demokratskih stavova hrvatskih učenika završnih razreda srednjih škola provedenog u tri vremenske točke - 2010., 2015. i 2021. Time želimo detektirati razine političkog znanja i prihvaćanja demokratskih stavova, kao i moguće promjene koje su se dogodile u pogledu te dvije dimenzije političke kompetencije tijekom istraživanog razdoblja. Konačno, zanima nas i odnos između ove dvije dimenzije političke kompetencije
Perceived change in job demands and resources and teacher well-being during the pandemic
Get PDFIN ENGLISH: This study explores the role of perceived change in job demands and resources and socio-demographic characteristics in teacher well-being during the Covid-19 pandemic. We used data from over three thousand Croatian school teachers with at least three years of service. We performed path analysis to test the proposed relationships of socio-demographics (gender, school level and years of service) and perceived change in job demands and resources (work demands, the frequency of student difficulties and the quality of professional cooperation) with teacher well-being (job satisfaction, stress and work-life balance). The effects of the socio-demographic variables on the measures of well-being varied from non-existent to small. The model fitted the data well. However, the parameter values indicated a modest contribution of socio-demographics and perceived change in job demands and resources in explaining teacher well-being during the Covid-19 pandemic. Teachers reported relatively high job satisfaction, low levels of stress, and medium levels of work-life balance. In addition, their experiences of stress and work-life balance were not considerably affected by the perceived increases in job demands. Our results suggest that teachers demonstrated resilience in adapting to challenging circumstances. This capacity should be continuously nurtured in their professional development programmes. --------------- IN CROATIAN: U ovom radu istražuje se uloga percipiranih promjena u zahtjevima i resursima posla te socio-demografskih karakteristika u dobrobiti učitelja tijekom pandemije COVID-19. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo više od tri tisuće hrvatskih učitelja s najmanje tri godine radnog staža. Proveli smo analizu traga (eng. path analysis) kako bismo testirali predložene odnose socio-demografskih čimbenika (spol, razina obrazovanja u kojoj učitelj/ica radi te godine radnog staža) i percipiranih promjena u zahtjevima i resursima posla (radni zahtjevi, učestalost učeničkih poteškoća i kvaliteta profesionalne suradnje) s dobrobiti učitelja (zadovoljstvo poslom, stres i ravnoteža između poslovnog i privatnog života). Učinci socio-demografskih varijabli na mjere dobrobiti varirali su od nepostojećih do malih. Model je dobro odgovarao podacima. Međutim, vrijednosti parametara ukazivale su na skroman doprinos socio-demografskih čimbenika i percipiranih promjena u zahtjevima i resursima posla u objašnjavanju dobrobiti učitelja tijekom pandemije COVID-19. Učiteljske procjene upućuju na relativno visoko zadovoljstvo poslom, nisku razinu stresa te srednju razinu ravnoteže poslovnog i privatnog života. Nadalje, njihova iskustva stresa i ravnoteže poslovnog i privatnog života nisu bila znatno pogođena percipiranim povećanjem zahtjeva posla. Naši rezultati sugeriraju da su učitelji pokazali otpornost u prilagodbi na izazovne okolnosti. Ova sposobnost treba se kontinuirano njegovati u programima profesionalnog razvoja učitelja
Aspects of the environmental sustainability for tourism development – women’s experiences from the island of Brač
Get PDFIN ENGLISH: Islands in Croatia are mainly mass-tourism-oriented and traditional island activities are rather
neglected (Podgorelec & Klempić-Bogadi, 2013; Radinović et al., 2004; Stiperski et al., 2001).
Islands are also examples of very ‘fragile habitats and communities’ (Baldacchino, 2013). They
have a large number of small peripheral places often dislocated and isolated and are also
faced with a number of social, economic and demographic problems that put them in an
unequal and unbalanced position, like those on the Adriatic coast. The purpose of this
research was to explore environmental dimension of sustainability on the island of Brač. Semi-
structured interviews (14) with women in selected settlements (Povlja, Selca, Postira, Pučišća
and Supetar) were conducted, as well as the analysis of secondary documentation. The
environmental dimension of sustainability has proven to be developed in terms of the
existence of untouched natural capacities, but it needs more systematic care due to the risk of
pollution, as well as greater development of potential in agritourism. The research is a
contribution to the analysis of sustainable development on the Adriatic islands. --------------- IN CROATIAN: Otoci u Hrvatskoj uglavnom su orijentirani na masovni turizam dok su tradicionalne otočke aktivnosti zanemarene (Podgorelec & Klempić-Bogadi, 2013; Radinović i sur., 2004; Stiperski i sur., 2001). Oni su također primjeri vrlo 'krhkih staništa i zajednica' (Baldacchino, 2013.). Imaju velik broj malih perifernih mjesta, često dislociranih i izoliranih te su također suočeni s nizom društvenih, gospodarskih i demografskih problema koji ih stavljaju u stanje neravnopravnog i neuravnoteženo položaja, poput onih na jadranskoj obali. Svrha ovoga rada je istraživanje ekološke dimenzije održivosti na otoku Braču. Pritom su obavljeni polustrukturirani intervjui (14) sa ženama u odabranim naseljima (Povlja, Selca, Postira, Pučišća i Supetar) te analiza sekundarne dokumentacije. Ekološka dimenzija održivosti pokazala se razvijenom u smislu postojanje netaknutih prirodnih kapaciteta, ali zahtijeva sustavniji obzir i održavanje zbog opasnosti od zagađenja, kao što je potreban i veći razvoj potencijala u agroturizmu. Istraživanje je prilog analizi održivog razvoja na jadranskim otocima
The mediating role of personality and gender roles on the relationship between gender and empathy: a study on preservice teachers
Get PDFIN ENGLISH: Teacher empathy is an essential part of teacher professional role, related to various
student outcomes. Research have shown that women are more empathetic than men.
However, when personality traits or gender roles are included into regression models, gender
no longer predicts empathy. Research have pointed to agreeableness and expressiveness as the
strongest correlates of empathy among personality traits and gender roles respectively, but
these determinants of empathy are still rarely studied in teachers. Therefore, the aim of the
present study was to examine the role of agreeableness and expressiveness in the relationship
between gender and empathy on a sample of preservice subject teachers. Two serial mediation
models with gender as a predictor, agreeableness and expressiveness as mediators, and empathic
concern and perspective taking as criterion variables were tested. Results showed that agreeableness
and expressiveness mediated the relationship between gender and empathy. Significant
serial mediation effects showed that female preservice teachers reported greater agreeableness,
which had a positive effect on expressiveness, which then had a positive effect on empathic concern and perspective taking. Our study indicates that a differentiated approach to empathy training should be used with different groups of preservice teachers, particularly with those
who report lower agreeableness and expressiveness. --------------- IN CROATIAN: Nastavnička empatija važan je dio profesionalne uloge nastavnika i povezana je s brojnim ishodima
kod učenika. Istraživanja pokazuju da su žene empatičnije od muškaraca, ali rod prestaje
biti prediktorom empatije nakon što se u regresijske modele uključe osobine ličnosti ili rodne
uloge. Ugodnost i ekspresivnost pokazale su se najsnažnijim korelatima empatije među osobinama
ličnosti odnosno rodnim ulogama, no te su determinante empatije još uvijek rijetko
istražene kod nastavnika/ca. Stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja ispitati ulogu ugodnosti i ekspresivnosti
u odnosu između roda i empatije na uzorku studenata/tica nastavničkog smjera različitih
fakulteta. Testirana su dva serijalna medijacijska modela s rodom kao prediktorom, ugodnošću
i ekspresivnošću kao medijatorima te aspektima empatije kao kriterijskim varijablama. Rezultati su potvrdili medijacijsku ulogu ugodnosti i ekspresivnosti u odnosu između roda i empatije. Značajni učinci serijalne medijacije pokazali su da su buduće nastavnice iskazale veću ugodnost što je imalo pozitivan učinak na ekspresivnost, a to je potom imalo pozitivan učinak na empatičnu brigu i zauzimanje tuđe perspektive. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na potrebu za diferenciranim pristupom treninzima empatije s različitim skupinama budućih nastavnika/ca, posebno s onima koji imaju manje izraženu ugodnost i ekspresivnost
Equitably undeterred?: persistence of education mobility and migration intent among upper secondary education students throughout the COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFIN ENGLISH: This paper aims to explore the effects of the pandemic on future mobility aspirations, as COVID-19 pandemic induced disruptions in overall educational experience and international mobility. The authors assess whether the hardship caused by the pandemic has affected Croatian upper secondary school students’ international migration intent and aspirations for studying abroad. To that cause, authors combine three large-scale nationally representative studies conducted in the pre-pandemic (2017), pandemic (2021) and late-pandemic (2022) period. The results indicate that the number of days school spent in remote learning proved modestly associated with lower intent to migrate or to study abroad in 2021. However, contrary to expectations drawn from literature, the prevalence of intent of moving abroad remained persistent compared to pre-pandemic, while aspirations for studying abroad increased. The expected moderation effects of students’ socio-economic background on migration intent during the pandemic and school closure, failed to materialize, except for migration intent in 2021, when having tertiary-educated parents proved more advantageous. In line with recent Eurobarometer surveys, our analysis imply little evidence of long-term devaluation of mobility capital among Croatian upper secondary students, as the moderators throttling mobility aspirations have likely receded