Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research (IJPBR)
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The comparative study of applanation and optical coherence biometry methods for the intra ocular lens power calculation
Get PDFPurpose: To compare applanation biometry (A-Scan) and optical coherence biometry (AL-Scan) methods for IOL power calculation based on Axial Length and post operative refractive outcome. Methodology: Prospective and Interventional Randomized Comparative Study, Sample size of 400, studied under two sub groups, for Axial Length readings and IOL power calculation by A-Scan (Biomedix) and AL-Scan (Nidek). Keratometry readings are taken only by AL-Scan.Results: Mean ± St. dev. of A.L. measured by App. Biometry was low (22.79 ± 0.9 mm) than Opt. Coh. Biometry (23.16 ± 0.78 mm) to be significant (P= .0001). Mean ± St. dev. IOL power was higher (21.75 ± 2.1D) than App. Biometry (20.88 ± 1.59 D) to be significant (P= 0.0001). Mean ± St. dev. of refractive status for Myopia is higher -0.97 ± 0.53 by App. Biometry than Opt. Coh. Biometry -0.5 ± 0.19, to be significant (P= 0.0001) and Mean ± St.dev. for Hyperopia is higher 0.98 ± 0.59 by App. Biometry than Opt. Coh. Biometry 0.46 ± 0.18, to be significant (P= 0.0001). Bland–Altman plots showed perfect agreement between both methods regarding A.L. and calculated IOL power. Further subgroup analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in different age groups and types of cataract for Posterior Sub capsular cataract alone and Nuclear Sclerosis with Posterior Sub capsular cataract (P= 0.001). Conclusion: There is significant difference between App. and Opt. Coh. Biometry; however, certain situations of Cataract is demanding mandatory role of App. Biometry
Dry syrup: An overview
Get PDFThe advantages of oral dosage form that are responsible for its popularity are its ease of administration, patient compliance and stability of formulation. The most popular oral dosage forms beings tablets and capsules, but one important drawback of the dosage forms however is the difficulty to swallow especially when a dosage form is developed for pediatric and geriatric patient. The modern scientific and technological advancement in the pharmaceutical field had created bank of interest in reconstitutable oral suspension dosage form in the recent year. The reconstituted system is the formulation of choice when the drug stability is a major concern. Reconstitutable oral systems show the adequate chemical stability of the drug during shelf life and also reduce the weight of the final product. Dry syrup form of the drug is also useful in case of bioavailability as it has high bioavailability rather than tablets and capsules as it disintegrates in water outside of the oral cavity and directly the suspension is gone through the gastrointestinal tract. So the suspension easily absorbs in the GIT. The present review gives an account of the excipients used, methods of preparation of dry syrups along with their evaluations, their packaging, ICH guidelines
A Review on Favorable Approaches of Swietenia macrophylla Plant for the Human Ailments
Get PDFSwietenia macrophylla king is herbaceous plant belonging to family Meliaceae was commonly known as Mahogany, found in the Caribbean countries, Central America, West Indies, Indonesia, Malaysia, and South America. It is a large tree with height up to 35 to 40 meters, and the diameter of the wooden trunk reaches up to 125 cm. The outer cover is blackish-brown, till maturation of plant then turned into grayish with the smooth surface, while the flowering condition occurs after the 7 years of maturation. Swietenia macrophylla king extract was evaluated for the hypoglycemic activity of seeds combined with endocarps extracts in hot water and methanol. The seeds have been developed attention in the world in recent years subsequent to the biotechnology research center for discovered various health benefits in the human body. Research scientists exposed the seed contains many natural nutrients and minerals may beneficial for human health condition. It contains three major active constituents i.e., Flavonoids, Saponins, and Bitter Alkaloids. This compound used for the treatment of different disease like analgesic, pyretic, inflammation, cancer, malaria, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coughs and healing and improves the blood circulation in the living system
A Review on Mucoadhesive Microspheres as an Optimised Targeted Drug Delivery System
Get PDFMucoadhesive microspheres play an imperative job in the drug delivery system due to their small size and other effective properties. It is utilized as a carrier for medication. Mucoadhesive microspheres delayed the residence time at the site of utilization or absorption and facilitate an intimate contact with the underlying absorption surface and in this way enhanced therapeutic performance of medications. It can also enhanced bioavailability and efficient absorption of the medications because of a high surface to volume proportion, a considerably more intimate contact with the mucus layer, controlled and sustained release of medicamentfrom dosage form and specific targetingmedications to the retention site. These can be created for oral, buccal, nasal, ocular, rectal and vaginal for either systemic or local effects
Benefits of Yoga in Respiratory Diseases
Get PDFBreathing sustains life, natural breathing brings happiness and keep healthy. It clears the mind and calms all the emotions hence it can helps in release of the vitalizing flow of energy within us. Air pollution is responsible for various respiratory diseases such as nasal allergy, asthma, chronic bronchitis and lung cancer. It has been found that Yoga has improved pulmonary parameters in several scientific studies, both in healthy as well as in diseased individuals. It helps in increase in vital capacity, tidal volume, FeV1, Fev1/FVC ratio, expiratory reserve volume, breath holding time and many other pulmonary parameters. These changes suggest a potential preventive and therapeutic role of yoga in pulmonary diseases.It is a method of learning which aims to attain the unity of mind, body and spirit through three main yoga steps includes exercise, breathing and meditation. Results of previous research studies report that many people with serious respiratory ailments have found a solution in yoga. It has been proventhattheyogic practices help in prevention, control as well as rehabilitation of many respiratory diseases. A vital scientific and therapeutic aspect of yoga is Pranayama. Few exercises of pranayama are like Anulomaviloma, Kapalbhati, Bhramari which are the components of yoga and are the best remedies which can be help to tackle respiratory illness caused by air pollution and other naturally occurring respiratory diseases
Sequence Characteristics of Dammarenediol Synthase in Medicinal Plant Panax notoginseng
Get PDFPanax notoginseng is a commonly used herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine. It is a traditional herb plant of for manufacturing compound Danshen dripping pills, Yunnanbaiyao, et al. Dammarenediol synthase is one of its important ingredients. Some sequence characteristics, such as theoretical isoelectric point, hydrophobicity, molecular properties, transmembrane region, secondary structure and tertiary structure, of dammarenediol synthase in Panax notoginseng are studied in this paper. All results of the study would be benefit for further study on the medicinal properties of Panax notoginseng
A REVIEW ON FLOATING TABLET
No full textPharmaceutical industries have received much interest in pharmaceutical research in the area of oral drug delivery more over on Gastro retentive drug delivery system that is Floating Drug Delivery System (FDDS).The objective of this study to review on FDDS focusing on its current advancement and its future. Floating systems are low density systems that have sufficiently buoyancy to flow over the gastric contents and remain buoyant in the stomach without affecting the gastric emptying rate for a prolonged period of time. Floating dosage forms can be prepared as tablets, capsule by adding suitable ingredients with excipients like hydrocolloids, inert fatty materials and buoyancy increasing agents. Various categories of drugs like antacids, antidiabetic, antifungal and anticancer drugs are formulated into FDDS. FDDS have bulk density less than gastric fluids that have sufficient buoyancy to float over the gastric contents and remain in the stomach for longer duration of time. This review article is in pursuit of giving detailed information on the pharmaceutical basis of their design, classification, advantages and disadvantages, factors affecting gastric residence time of FDDS, applications, and formulation of floating tablet
Synthesis, Characterization and Pharmacological evaluation of some newer Benzothiazole derivatives
Get PDFThe objective of the present work is to develop safer new chemical entities that show good anticonvulsant effects and antimicrobial actions. The current work describes the synthesis of Benzothiazole derivatives with encouraging anticonvulsant activity against MES and scPTZ tests with interesting pattern of antimicrobial effects. The synthesized Benzothiazole derivatives could be considered as lead molecule for the development of therapeutic agents. Many polycyclic and fused ring systems containing the thiazolenucleus(I) are well known. The most important is bicyclic system wherein the second ring benzene is fused to the 4,5 position of thiazole ring i.e. Benzothiazole.(II
Evaluation of Neuroprotective effect of medicinal plants in Drosophila melanogaster model
Get PDFIn this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of ethanolic extract of Bombax ceiba (EEBC) and ethanolic extract of Gymnemasylvestre (EEGS) against the toxicity induced by rotenone (ROT) in Drosophila melanogaster. Materials and Methods:Adult wild-type flies were concomitantly exposed to ROT (500 μM), EEBC (0.05% w/v and 0.1% w/v) and EEGS (0.05% w/v and 0.1% w/v) in the culture medium for 7 days. Results: ROT treated flies produced marked decreased in locomotor performance (i.e., climbing capability) in the negative geotaxis assay when compared to control group. EEBC and EEGS flies after treatment offered protection (24-42%) against the ROT-induced locomotor impairment in the negative geotaxis assay suggesting attenuation of ROT-induced locomotor deficits. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that EEBC and EEGS were effective in reducing the toxicity induced by ROT in D. melanogaster as well as it confirms the significance of this model to explore possible therapeutic approaches in Parkinson’s disease (PD)
Medicinal Plants Diversity in Muthathi Wild Life Sanctuary, Karnataka, India
Get PDFMuthathi is a dense and dry deciduous forest, which is the home of Cauvery Wild Life Sanctuary. In this study the outcome documentation of medicinal plants and its diversity uses in Muthathi Wild Life Sanctuary (MWLS) and inclusive forest is reported. Conventional medicines or traditional medicines are very important part of an Indian culture. Information related to different plants which are used by confined community in the treatment of many common diseases in the area was collected. Records on the use of medicinal plants are collected using structured interview of about local healers and thorough observations and conversations with local communities. The most frequent ailments described are anti-cancer, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory, peptic ulcer, jaundice, skin and urinary problems. This study presents new research determinations and perceptions on the search for new drugs based on local uses of medicinal plants