Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research (IJPBR)
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Last Mile Delivery of Cold Chain Medicines – Challenges and Recommendations
Get PDFCold chain medicines are those that require special temperature-controlled cold storage to maintain their quality and efficacy. Cold chain management is important to ensure that the right quality is maintained throughout the supply chain. There lies a variety of reasons why cold chain management continues to be the challenge in India like lack of the consolidated list of cold chain medicines, lack of standard refrigeration guidelines for retail pharmacies, non-uniformity in storage temperature instructions on the label, patient education and lack of awareness. The study aims to identify the challenges faced in the last mile delivery of such medicines in India and suggest practical recommendations for improvement that confirms the international best practices. More than 100 interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals like doctors, pharmacists, retail pharmacy experts, logistic partners, distributors and ex-regulators to understand the storage conditions and the possible solutions, especially at retail and customer level. An exhaustive list of cold chain medicines was framed with the databases of Indian hospitals, local drug distributors and drug retailers. Given the complexity of cold chain system in India, the guidelines for maintaining and managing the cold chain should be clearly available and then be mandatorily followed, in order to avoid the deleterious effects on such medicines due to storage and handling issues as elaborated in this study
Analytical method development and its validation for simultaneous estimation of catechin and curcumin by HPTLC from ancho lean tablets
Get PDFHPTLC method which is simple, particular and robust has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Catechin and Curcumin from an Ayurvedic formulation. The method was validated using parameters such as linearity, specificity, and precision, limit of quantification (LOQ), limit of detection (LOD), accuracy and robustness as per ICH guidelines. The present work deals with development of HPTLC method for simultaneous estimation of catechin and curcumin in marketed Ayurvedic formulations. Chromatographic separation of the drugs was performed on Merck TLC aluminium plates pre-coated with silica gel 60F254 as the stationary phase. The mobile phase selected was toluene:ethyl acetate: formic acid (7: 2.5: 0.5 v/v/v). The sample solutions were prepared in methanol and linear ascending development was carried out in twin trough glass chamber and scanned at 269 nm using Camag TLC scanner. The two markers were resolved successfully with Rf values 0.23±0.02 and 0.58±0.02 for catechin and curcumin, respectively. The regression analysis data indicated good linear relationship for the calibration plots for Catechin and Curcumin in the range of 1900-2500 ng/spot and 200-800 ng/spot and regression coefficient was 0.990 and 0.997 respectively. The proposed method can be used for the estimation of these markers in combined Ayurvedic formulation
Formulation of Mouth Dissolving Tablets Using Solid Dispersion Technique: A Review
Get PDFMouth-dissolving tablets are also called as fast disintegrating tablets, melt-in mouth tablets, orodispersible tablets, quick dissolving etc. Mouth dissolving tablets are those when put on tongue disintegrate rapidly thereby releasing the drug, which dissolve or disperses in the saliva. The faster the drug dissolved into solution, quick will be the absorption and onset of clinical effect. Mouth dissolving tablet containing solid dispersion was developed to improve the solubility of drug and stability of solid dispersion. Such tablets are disintegrate and/or dissolve rapidly in the saliva without the need for water. Hence it is regarded as the safest, most convenient and most economical method of drug delivery having the highest patient compliance. The later portion of the article focus on the progress in methods of manufacturing, evaluation and various latest technologies involved in the development of Mouth dissolving tablets. Solid dispersion is basically a drug with polymer two-component system; hence the drug–polymer interaction should be determined first in order to ensure the stability of the formulation. This review is intended to discuss the recent advances related on the area of solid dispersion technology. Since different methods are used for the preparation of solid dispersions such as fusion method, solvent method, melting solvent method, melt extrusion method, lyophilisation technique, melt agglomeration process, use of surfactant, electro spinning and super Critical Fluid Technology, of them which method is good and suitable for which type of drug. The use of Mouth dissolving dosage forms has solved various problems noted in administration of drugs to the pediatric and elderly patient, which constitutes a large proportion of the world's population. The initial focus of this review article is based on solid dispersion mainly advantages, disadvantages, types, the method of preparation, and characterization of the solid dispersion at laboratory and industrial level
Histological investigation of the effect of Α-Tocopherol on Arterial Wall Structure in Diabetic Rat Model
Get PDFCardiovascular diseases are the most important cause of mortality in diabetic individuals. The aim of our study is to investigate histologically whether the use of alpha-tocopherol in diabetic rats would have an effect on the antioxidant system and would provide positive effects on vessel wall damage. For the study, 32 wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. The groups are Control+SF, Control+alpha-tocopherol, DM model, DM+alpha-tocopherol. Arterial tissue specimens were fixed formaldehyde. Routine tissue follow-up was performed and hematoxylin-Eosin (H-E) staining was performed. Arterial wall damage score was calculated. As a result of the evaluation, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U Test and descriptive analyzes were applied for statistical analyzes. In light microscopic examinations; in DM group was determined endothelial cell damage, intracytoplasmic edema and swelling in the smooth muscle cells. In sections of the DM + alpha-tocopherol group, endothelial cells were evaluated as normal. Although there were no differences between DM and DM + alpha-tocopherol groups, there was a significant difference in luminal diameter between Control and DM +alpha-tocopherol in evaluating parameters such as vessel diameter, lumen cap, vessel wall thickness and Tunica media thickness (p˂ 0,005). In our study, the use of alpha-tocopherol in diabetic rats was thought to have an effect on the antioxidant system, which could have a positive effect on vessel wall injury. However, it has come to the conclusion that the therapeutic effect of alpha-tocopherol on cellular damage due to vascular complications in the vascular structure of diabetes is limited
Carum Carvi- An Updated Review
No full textCarum carvi (Caraway) is a biennial plant (Family Apiaceae), native to western Asia, Europe and North Africa. It is reputed and extensively ayurvedic plant used for various therapeutic purposes. It contained a wide range of chemical constituents like essential oils, volatile oils, flavonoids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and trace elements. The previous studies showed that its chemical constituents exerted anti-diabetic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antiulcerogenic, antimicrobial, Insecticidal, diuretic, analgesic, renoprotective, molluscicidal, endocrine, anti-cholinesterases, Immunomodulatory properties. This review is a step to open insight for therapeutic efficacy of Carum carvi
GC-MS analysis of Eclipta prostrata leaf extracts in relation to larvicidal activity against the mosquito Aedes aegypti
Get PDFThe mosquito is the principal vector of many of the vector borne diseases affecting human beings and animals. Several mosquito species vectors for the pathogens of various diseases like malaria, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever and yellow fever. Repeated use of synthetic insecticides for mosquito control has disrupted natural biological control systems and led to resurgences in mosquito populations. It has also resulted in the development of resistance, undesirable effects on non-target organisms and fostered environmental and human health concern, which initiated a search for alternative control measures. Plants are considered as a rich source of bioactive chemicals and they may be an alternative source of mosquito control agents. They even result in mutation of genes and these changes become prominent only after a few generations. Hence, the present study has been choosen to determine the photochemical screening, compound identification by GC-MS studyand larvicidal activity in various concentratingof Eclipta prostrata leaves extractagainst Aedes aegypti. The phytochemicals such as saponins, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, flavanoids, amino acids and protein, carbohydrates, glycosides were identified in both aqueous and methanol extracts, further revealed that Eclipta prostrata extract exhibited significantly highest larvicidal activity in 400 ppm at 24 hrs of methanol extract when compared to aqueous extract. The GC-MS analysis, showed 16 different compoundsand the compound isopropyl myristate, is found to be present in high area percentage.Further, the result of the currentinvestigation revealed that the methanol extract of Eclipta prostrata possess good larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti with maximum larvicidal repellent and the numbers of the dead larvae were affected by increasing the concentrations of the plant extracts
A Validated RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Ciprofloxacin and Flucionolone in Pharmaceutical Formulation
Get PDFA simple, accurate, precise and sensitive RP-HPLC assay method have been validated for the simultaneous estimation of ciprofloxacin and flucionolone in pharmaceutical formulation by RP-HPLC .ciprofloxacin and flucionolone is separated using Develosil ODS HG-5 RP C18, 5μm, 15cmx4.6mm i.d. column at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/ min. Here resolution was good, theoretical plate count and symmetry was appropriate .The LOD and LOQ were calculated using statistical methods. The % RSD values were less than 1.The validation parameters, tested in accordance with the requirements of ICH guidelines, prove the suitability of this method. The method was successfully applied for determination of drug in tablets, wherein no interference from tablet excipients was observed, indicating the specificity of the developed method.The proposed method was found to be simple, precise, accurate, rapid, economic and reproducible for the estimation of ciprofloxacin and flucionolone in pharmaceutical formulation
Redescription of Oligodon arnensis, Shaw, 1802 (Reptilia: Colubridae) collected from Birbhum, West Bengal, India
Get PDFOligodon arnensis, Shaw, 1802 commonly known as kukri snake, a semi- fossorial snake species is taken for study as it is a most challenging group of snake. A morphometric study on several aspects like the number of supra-labials , infra-labials, ventrals, dorsals, distance between eye to nostril, eye diameter, number of bands, shape of banding etc. are reported. A significant correlation is present in between snout-vent length and tail length and in between eye diameter and distance from eye to nostril a possible explanation of large eye size related to habitat is given in the study
Genetically inborn metabolic disorders
Get PDFMetabolism is the process carried out in the cells of all living organisms converting the food we eat to chemical energy needed for sustaining life. It encompasses allbiochemical processes that occur within any living organism - including humans - to maintain life. These biochemical processes allow us to grow, reproduce, repair damage, and respond to our environment
Recent and advanced animal models used in the Screening of analgesics and anti-inflammatory activity
Get PDFNon-Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are consisting of three major anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory and anti-analgesics properties. They have reduced the sensation of pain, body temperature, and inflammation. It is also used for the treatment of the long-term health problems like arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and lupus). NSAIDs highly protect the lining of the stomach and intestines from the damaging effects of acid promote blood clotting by activating blood platelets, and promote normal function of the kidney. Incompatible with the action of NSAIDs many different types of drugs and plant use for the treatment of the analgesic, inflammation and pyretic activity. Diclofenac inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX-2) enzyme with the greater potency that it (COX-1). NSAIDs are generally used in the management of pain because of the integrated role of the COX pathway that is recognition of pyretic, inflammation and analgesic. Introduction to painful procedures and/or stressors during the early neonatal period can reprogram the underlying neurocircuitry involved in nociception and neuropathic pain perception. The reprogramming of these systems can result in an enduring elevation in sympathy towards mechanical and thermal stimuli. During adolescence, hind paw mechanical removal thresholds were evaluated using an electronic von Frey Anesthesiometer. Animals challenged neonatally with LPS (nLPS) had increased pain sensitivity on this measure which was related with decreased Oprm1 expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and periaqueductal gray (PAG) of both male and female rats. There was no effect of inflammatory treatment on either anxiety or depressive-like behavior suggesting that affective functioning did not account for differences in mechanical pain sensitivity