Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research (IJPBR)
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Pharmacological Review on Uricosuric activity
Get PDFThe naturally available uricosuric agents are Tinospora cardifolia, Allium sepa, Cajanus Cajan, Piper nigrum etc., Natural medicinal plants having no side effects are more preferred when compared to synthetic medications. Uricosuric agents increase the urinary excretion of uric acid hence the natural uricosuric agent is preferred to prevent many diseases like gout, arthritis, kidney stones etc., without side effect. Uricosuric medications are the substances that increase the excretion of uric acid in urine, thus reducing the concentration of uric acid in blood plasma. Prolonged and untreated hyperuricemia results into gout, a severe inflammatory condition. Sustain hyperuricemia leads to impaired blood pressure control, renal impairment and nephropathy. The common factors for deposition of uric acid in blood are drinking alcohol and taking high purine diet. The various screening methods for the uricosuric activity are uricosuric activity in mice, Potassium oxonate induced activity, and Phenol red excretion methods are explained in this review
Synthesis, spectral studies and biological activity of 2, 3-disubstituted imidazo [2, 1-b] benzothiazole derivatives
Get PDFBenzothiazole is a heterocyclic compound formed by the fusion of benzene and thiazole ring. The moiety had been reported to act via competing with ATP binding site at the catalytic domain of tyrosine kinase. The present work involves the synthesis and biological evaluation of 4, 5 disubstituted imidazo [2, 1-b] benzothiazole derivatives. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized derivatives was carried out against Gram + ve bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 3160) and Gram –ve bacteria Bordetella bronchiseptica (MTCC 6838), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (T11) and fungal strains Candida albicans (MTCC 1637). Ciprofloxacin and Fluconazole were used as standard drug for antibacterial and antifungal activity respectively. The compounds 6a1, 6a2, 6a3, 6b1 and 8a1 exhibited good antimicrobial activity against all the strains. The derivative 8a1 was further screened for anticancer activity against MCF-7 cell line using Doxorubicin as standard. The structures of the synthesized compounds were established by IR and NMR spectral studies
Matrix tablet: a review
Get PDFIn order to achieve the therapeutic purpose, the choice of the most suitable delivery route is of indisputable importance. Therefore, certain factors must be taken into consideration when delivering a active substance, namely its own properties, the disease to be diagnosed and the desired beneficial time. The active substances can be directly to the target tissue or organ or can be delivered by systemic routes
A review on analytical method development, optimization and validation of combination of Azithromycin and benzoyl peroxide by RP-HPLC using design of experiment as per ICH guideline
Get PDFPharmaceutical analysis is one of the most challenging fields of analytical chemistry. Pharmaceutical analysts carry out the qualitative and quantitative control of APIs and drug products and also develop and validate appropriate methods. One of my main goals was to develop modern, rapid, precise and reproducible, but also cost-effective HPLC assay methods which are generally available and applicable for most users. The aim of this work was to develop LC methods for both compounds. The assay of erythromycin by LC offers several advantages, such as high specificity, the possibility of determining and quantifying impurities and degradation products, and improved accuracy. The developed methods were validated. My whole work containing following plan of work as Selection of drug, Review Literature, FITR of both drugs and Mixture, Preparation of standard solutions, Preparation of sample of pure drug in Standard solution, Method development by HPLC (as Selection of solvents to be used as diluents and mobile phase, Selection of wavelength, Selection of mobile phase and Selection of chromatographic conditions) Preparation of Mobile phase, Preparation of standard calibration curve combination of drug, Optimization of HPLC condition using box behnken design. Validation of analytical method following parameters as per ICH guidelines. (i). System suitability (ii). Linearity and range (iii). Specificity (iv).Accuracy and precision (v). Limits of detection (LOD) and Quantitation (LOQ). (vi). Selectivity and (vii).Robustness
Traditional Knowledge on few Medicinal Plants of Biligirirangana Hill, Karnataka, India
Get PDFBiligirirangana hills (BR Hills) is located in Yelandur taluk, Chamarajanagar District, Western Ghats towards Tamilnadu. The ethno botanical plant survey was executed for the documentation of therapeutic plants. The tribal people have the inborn knowledge about the medicinal plants and their use. In this presentstudy, we have selected 90 plant species belonging to 48 families out of which 38 plant species are herbs, 16 shrubs, 27 treesand 9 climbers were identified with their appropriate information and reported in this paper with their medicinal uses according to tribal communities to cure different ailments. The most common illness treated by the traditional healers are jaundice, diabetes, asthma, fever, cold, cough, digestive problems, piles, paralysis, skin problems, diarrhoea, haemorrhage, kidney problem, gastrointestinal disorders etc
Inhibitory effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Cestrum Nocturnum on α-amylase activity
Get PDFInhibition of α- amylase play a vital role in the clinical management of postprandial hyperglycemia. Although, powerful synthetic inhibitors are available, natural inhibitors are potentially safer. The present study was carried out to evaluate α- amylase inhibition activity from hydroalcoholic extracts from aerial parts of Cestrum nocturnum. Hydroalcoholic extract was prepared by Soxhletation Method. The extract showed strong inhibition towards α- amylase activity and IC50 value were 45.9 μg. This In vitro studies indicate the potential of C. nocturnum in the development of effective anti-diabetic agents
A Study on Adverse Effects of Antidepressants in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Get PDFObjective: To identify the adverse effects of antidepressants at the initiation of therapy. To make causality assessment of the adverse effect identified using WHO ADR probability scale. Materials and Methods: Patients prescribed with at least one antidepressant were randomly selected and monitored for adverse drug reactions (ADRs), irrespective of their age and gender. Results: Of the 100 patients who received antidepressants, 33 patients experienced 10 ADRs. Selective serotonin receptor inhibitors (SSRIs) were the most common therapeutic class of drugs associated with ADRs. Gastrointestinal system was most commonly affected system organ class. Gastritis and dry mouth were the most frequently reported ADRs. Majority of the ADRs were ‘mild’ in their severity. Conclusion: In this study, incidence of adverse reaction to antidepressants was 32% and the most common group of Antidepressants implicated are SSRIs
A Conspectus: Hepatotoxicity Caused by Drug’s
Get PDFLiver is the principle organ for metabolism of various drugs, endotoxins. Hepatotoxicity is one of the reversible conditions. Drugs are an vital cause of liver injury. Drug-induced injury to the liver can mimic any form of acute or chronic liver disease. The action of cytochrome P450 can induce acute injury to liver, through which drug will break down into electrophiles or free radicals. These spontaneous metabolites can covalently bind to protein and unsaturated fatty acids or induce lipid peroxidation, respectively. The clinical presentation of liver damage may be either cytolytic or cholestatic. Systemic hypersensitivity reaction against the applied agent may be one of the major causes of liver damage. Drug- or toxin-induced liver damage includes vascular damage, induction of liver tumours and development of liver cirrhosis. The most important pre-emptive measure is judicious drug used by the prescribing physician. Early recognition of hepatotoxicity and termination of the offending agent is essential for treatment. The diagnosis may be confirmed by additional diagnostic measures (e. g. liver biopsy) or the clinical course after exposure to the causing agent has been stopped. Therefore, the main aim is to prevent chronic liver damage through early and correct diagnosis. Due to the extensive variety of possibly liver toxic drugs and chemical agents this aspect is a major challenge to physicians. Taking into account the significance of drug-induced hepatotoxicity as a key cause of liver damage, this review pitch light on various drugs which induce hepatotoxicity, with their mechanism of liver damage and clinical scenario
Development, Characterization and bioavailability enhancement of oral floating sustained release beads containing Indomethacin
Get PDFThe purpose of this research was to prepare and evaluate floating gastroretentive beads of Indomethacin an Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent for increased drug bioavailability. Floating beads were prepared by dripping Method using different polymers in varying ratios. The formulations were optimized on the basis of floating ability and in-vitro drug release. The floating beads were evaluated for micromeritic properties, entrapment efficiency, as well as in-vitro buoyancy study and drug release. Indomethacin was estimated in the formulation by using UV/Visible spectrophotometer (Shimazdu UV-1800) at 321 nm. The floating beads shows drug entrapment efficiency, buoyancy and yield the 72.55%, 60.2 and 74.3%respectively. In vitro drug release study confirms formulation I4 was the best formulation as it releases 99.28 % of Indomethacin at the end of 24 hrs in controlled manner
Ceratophyllum demersum a Free-floating Aquatic Plant: A Review
Get PDFCeratophyllum demersum is a submerged perennial macrophyte normally grow with the base of its stem buried in sandy or silty substrates. It is typically found floating in stagnant and slow moving water. It is a fragile free-floating underwater rootless, but densely leafy, once a year or continuing freshwater aromatic plant, with leaves so crowded at the apices as to give the impression of a bushy animal tail, reproducing vegetatively and by seed. Hornwort flourishes in shaded, warm and gently flowing (1 cm per second) waters at a pH between 7.6 to 8.8, but does not tolerate turbidity or salinity. This plant oxygenates the water, provides food for aquatic herbivores, and rarely causes problems. The volatile oil, whole plant dry extract analysis by GC-MS, 78 components were detected. The major constituents extracted were hexahydro Acacia acetone content accounted for 16.9%, aldehydes and ketones accounted for 21.44%, terpenes accounted for 11.54%, ester hydrocarbons accounted for 20.06% and the other category accounted for 7.21%. Ceratophyllum demersum chemical composition systems pre-test tube method, found that the plant contains: flavonoids and glycosides, lactones, coumarin glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, sugars, tannins, amino acids, peptides, proteins volatile oil; may contain phenolic compounds, alkaloids; without cardiac glycosides. Decoction of leaf is used as a cardiotonic and to regulate bile secretion. Leaf juice is used to stop vomiting, as cooling agent. It is also used as antitoxic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, astringent, antiulcer, etc