Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research (IJPBR)
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Antidiabetic Activity of Fractions of the n-Hexane Extract of Leaves of Eriosema psoraleoides (Lam) G. Don (Leguminosae) on Alloxan-induced Diabetic Albino Rats
Get PDFDiabetes is a chronic disease that is raising health concerns. Eriosema psoraleoides is one of the medicinal plants reported to be used in managing this condition in Eastern Nigeria. This study investigated the effect of four fractions [(n-hexane; n-hexane: dichloromethane (50:50); dichloromethane; and dichloromethane: methanol (95:5)] of the n-hexane leaf extract of this plant on the blood glucose levels of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The n-hexane extract was obtained by maceration, filtration, and evaporation using a rotary evaporator. Phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out using standard methods. The extract was fractionated using column chromatography, and ten fractions were obtained. The fractions were pooled together into four fractions based on the similarity in their Rf values. A dose of 200mg/kg of each of the fractions was given orally for 7 days to the alloxan-induced diabetic rats, and plasma blood glucose concentrations determined. Preliminary screening of the extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, steroids, reducing sugars, tannins and combined anthraquinones. Two fractions, the n-hexane: dichloromethane (50:50) and the dichloromethane, produced significant (p 0.05) decrease in blood glucose concentrations in their treated groups compared to that of glibenclamide (standard drug) treated, and the diabetic untreated groups of the diabetic rats. However, the n-hexane and the dichloromethane: methanol (95:5) fractions produced no significant (p 0.05) decrease in blood glucose concentrations. The observed antidiabetic property of the n-hexane: dichloromethane (50:50) and the dichloromethane (100%) fractions suggests that Eriosema psoraleoides could be used in the management of diabetes and this gives credence to its use in ethnomedicine for this purpose
Synthesis, Characterisation and Biological Evaluation of Substituted 4- ((1H-Benzo[d]Imidazol-2-YL) Methoxy) Coumarin Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents
Get PDFA series of coumarin-benzimidazole derivatives i.e. 4-((1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2- yl)methoxy)coumarin derivatives (7a-j) was synthesized by reacting appropriate starting materials and evaluated for its in vitro antimicrobial activity. The newly synthesized compounds have been characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR). Antimicrobial studies of these compounds were performed against the both the Gram positive, MRSA (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) as well as Gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The activity was investigated by using both Agar well diffusion as well as MIC assay. All the compounds were show significant bactericidal activity against all the pathogenic strains in comparison to Ciprofloxacin, a broad spectrum antibiotic against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Most of the synthesized derivatives appeared as excellent antimicrobial agents as compared to standard drug Ciprofloxacin. Compound 7b was found to be the most active antibacterial agent against Gram positive as well as Gram negative bacteria
Various Novel Drug Delivery Systems in Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
Get PDFCardiovascular disease the life threatens issues in the present days, which includes other diseases like angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction. The various novel drug delivery systems like transdermal patches, liposomes, micelles, nanoparticles, microbubbles, drug-eluting balloons, and an eluting drug stents are used for targeted drug delivery and improved therapeutic efficacy and showed better patient compliance in the present days
Anti-cancer efficacy and mechanisms of usnic acid
Get PDFCancer is the second deadly disease after cardiovascular diseases. The presently available therapeutic strategies of cancer are insufficient for the cure and betterment of cancer patients. Herein, we have reviewed the therapeutic potential of a lichenic secondary metabolite, the usnic acid, with special emphasis on its anti-cancer efficacy and associated mechanisms. Usnic acid has various biological activities that have been explored and it is utilized by humans from ancient times throughout the globe. A summary of the anti-cancer properties of usnic acid in different cancer types and models is presented. Usnic acid has shown to inhibit the cancer cell proliferation by suppressing the clonogenic potential, decreasing the expression of PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), and activating the tumor suppressor genes. Primarily, usnic acid induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells that lead to DNA damage, further causing the activation of DNA damage response that finally initiates the apoptotic pathways. The ROS induction was found to activate the JNK pathway. It also depolarizes the mitochondrial membrane, induces the release of cytochrome-c, and activates the caspase cascade and cleavage of PARP that ultimately results in programmed cell death of cancer cells. Overall, this lichen metabolite has a strong efficacy against cancer cells, which warrants further investigation for its potential clinical uses
Study of comparative evaluation of Atorvastatin and Salicinol (salacia roxburghii) on GFR and carotid intima media thickness in diabetic and non-diabetic CKD patients with hypertension
Get PDFBackground: Most of the newer concepts in Nephrology developed in the 19th and 20th centuries. Progression of renal failure is an area of Nephrology where our understanding has improved appreciably in the last century, but still, our knowledge is like a drop in the ocean. We have ample evidence that the progression of renal failure can be slowed down, but we still need more definite information on whether established renal failure can be reversed. This pilot clinical study was planned to explore the therapeutic potential of salicinol in retardation of chronic kidney disease progression and anti-atherosclerotic property by looking for if a reduction in CIMT is possible. Objectives: To study of comparative evaluation of atorvastatin and salicinol (salacia roxburghii) on GFR and CIMT in diabetic and non-diabetic CKD patients with hypertension. Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Eighty patients of mild to moderate stable chronic renal failure with hypertension attending Nephrology OPD or admitted in the Nephrology ward from May 2014 to June 2015 were included in the study. Patient with acute MI, congestive heart failure, unstable angina, myopathy. Subsequently, patients were allocated to one of the two groups, the first group consisted of Diabetic patient treated with atorvastatin salicinol, and second group was of non-diabetic treated patients. Results: Among total patients included in study, 35 were non-diabetic, and 45 were diabetic. Mean serum creatinine at baseline study in the diabetic and non-diabetic group were 4.3 ± 2.0, and 5.0 ± 1.6, and changes were statistically significant intragroup. Mean CIMT in diabetic and non-diabetic at baseline were 0.92 ± 0.07 and 0.90±0.07, and when comparing both changes were statistically significant at three months and 6 months suggesting CIMT regression more in diabetic groups compared to non-diabetics. Mean GFR in a diabetic and non-diabetic group at baseline was 23.4 ± 15.6 and 17.8±13.7. On intergroup comparison, changes were statistically significant at 3 months and at 6-month. Conclusion: The male to female ratio was 2:1. Age of the patient ranged from 20years onwards. No significant effect of the drug was seen on 24hrs urinary protein, blood pressure, hemoglobin and GFR. On comparison of non-diabetic and diabetic significant decreases (0.05) in GFR were observed at the end of the study. On comparison of non-diabetic and diabetic highly significant decrease (0.001) in CIMT were observed at three months and at the end of the study
Solubility EnhancementTechniques forPoorly Soluble Pharmaceuticals: A Review
Get PDFAmong newly discovered chemical entities about 40% drugs are hydrophobic which are failed to reach market due to their low aqueous solubility. For orally administered drugs solubility is one of the rate limiting parameter to achieve their desired concentration in systemic circulation for pharmacological response.Drug efficacy can be limited due to poor aqueous solubility and some drugs also show side effects like gastric irritation, peptic ulcers,due to their poor solubility. Because of solubility problem of many drugs the bioavailability of them gets affected and hence solubility enhancement becomes challenging. The present review is devoted to various traditional and novel techniques for enhancing drug solubility to reduce the percentage of poorly soluble drug candidates eliminated from the new formulation development
Evaluating the Diagnostic Superiority of CBCT Over Conventional Radiography in Complex Endodontic Cases: A Quantitative Analysis
Get PDFThe accuracy of diagnostic imaging plays a pivotal role in the success of endodontic treatment, especially in complex cases involving intricate root canal anatomy, hidden fractures, and periapical lesions. This study quantitatively evaluates the diagnostic superiority of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) over conventional periapical radiography in identifying complex endodontic conditions. A total of selected clinical cases with varying endodontic complexities were analyzed using both imaging modalities. Diagnostic parameters such as sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy were statistically compared. The findings revealed that CBCT demonstrated significantly higher diagnostic precision, particularly in detecting missed canals, root fractures, and periapical pathologies that were not clearly visible on traditional radiographs. Although CBCT involves higher radiation exposure and cost, its three-dimensional visualization offers substantial benefits in improving diagnostic outcomes and treatment planning. The study concludes that CBCT should be considered a superior diagnostic tool in complex endodontic cases where conventional radiography proves inadequate
Antidepressant Activity of Methanolic Extract of Vitis vinifera
Get PDFThe present study was determined to evaluate the effect of methnolic extract of Vitis vinifera (MEVV) as well as its interaction with conventional antidepressant drug using tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) and to evaluate the possible mechanisms involved in its actions. The extract was found to reduce the explorative tendencies of the rats in the tail suspension test and forced swim test the extract caused a significant reduction in immobility time and increased swimming time. The leaf of the plant were collected and authenticated. The methnolic extract of Vitis vinifera (MEVV) showed the significant antidepressant activity comparable to the standard drug. The oral administration of methnolic extract of Vitis vinifera (MEVV) at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively as compared to the control treated group showed an antidepressant activity comparable to that of standard drug. The antidepressant effects of methnolic extract of Vitis vinifera (MEVV) having a particular quality to be mainly associated with the activation of dopamineergic system and possess potential antidepressant activities
Review: Solid Dispersion Technique for Enhancement of Solubility of Poorly Soluble Drug
Get PDFNearly 40% of novel drugs comes in pharmaceutical industries are showing poor capability of solubilization in water. Therefore enhancing the solubilization of such drugs in water to enhance their bioavailability be the major challenge to formulation scientists. So the preparation of solid dispersion from the drug which shows poor solubility in water with carriers having good water solubility has decrease the occurrence of such problems and increase dissolution. Hence solid dispersion found to be attention-grabbing method for solubility enhancing of drugs which showing poor solubility in water. This review, shows an overview on the different solid dispersion types, rationale, their advantages, limitations, manufacturing processes as well as its characterization methods
Docking study of Selected Vinis vitifera seeds constituents on Dengue viral proteins – An In Silico approach
Get PDFDengue is a mosquito-borne systemic viral infection caused by any of the four antigenically related dengue viruses (DENV).The dengue virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family of viruses that cause diseases in humans.A virtual screening analysis of phytochemical structures with dengue virus protein targets has been carried out using a molecular docking approach with vins vinifera seeds. Grapes (Vinis vitifera) are believed to have health benefits due to their antioxidant activity and polyphenols. In this study we examined the binding affinities of 14 ligands with seven non structural Dengu viral proteins through In Silico methods like virtual screening and docking process which showed that compound F and compound N had high binding efficiencies with these proteins along with the type of hydrogen bonds and their respective amino acid residues at their docked sites