Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research (IJPBR)
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Formulation Shooting Gel on Jamblang Fruit (Syzgium cumini) as Sunscreen and Physical Stability
Get PDFEffect of exposure ultraviolet light, which is bad for human skin, results in sunburn, dryness, premature aging until skin cancer occurs. Shooting gel is a cosmetic product that is just a trend in the community, containing active ingredients with high concentrations, making it suitable for use as a sunscreen. Previous studies of jamblang have antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study is to obtain a stable, optimum formula for shooting jamblang fruit gel by determining the SPF value and measuring the irritation index. Shooting jamblang fruit gel made four concentrations (60, 70, 80, and 90%) and evaluated physical characteristics, determination of SPF values, and stability test. The data obtained were analyzed with a different 95% confidence level test to find out a significant difference between the treatment groups. The results of the research of positive jamblang fruit contain flavonoid compounds, phenolic, polyphenols, tannins, anthocyanins, and saponins. Evaluation of physical characteristics shows that variations in concentration do not affect viscosity (p > 0.05) but affect pH, dispersion, and adhesion (p 0.05). SPF FI value of 5.46 (Medium); FII of 11.45 (maximum); FIII of 8.51 (maximum); FIV of 34.73 (Ultra). The Greater the concentration, the greater the SPF value. Stability Shooting jamblang fruit gel almost all formulas there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) on the evaluation of viscosity, adhesion, and dispersion. At pH, there were significant differences in all formulas (p 0.05)
Investigate of Haemostatic and Fibrinolytic System Parameters among Sickle Cell Anaemia Patients in the Khartoum State
Get PDFIntroduction: A sickle cell anaemia one of a haemoglobinopathy, which constituted as a model for genetically inherited disorders, the course of the disease involves may crises, the investigation of hemostatic components as fibrinogen and fibrinolysis as D-dimer, reflect the overall hemostatic status in the sickle cell anaemia patients. Aim: To investigates hemostatic and fibrinolytic system parameters among sickle cell anaemia patients in the Khartoum state. Methods: The study was conducted in Khartoum state, in JafarIbn Auf Reference Hospital for children as descriptive case-control, a laboratory-based study from 2017-18, specimens were collected randomly of the study population with irrespective to age and gender, blood draw in tri-sodium citrate container, the ethical and consent were obtained. The fibrinogen level was estimated by CA51 semi-automated coagulation analyzer optically based, and the D-dimer were assayed by MISPA-i2, a nephelometric based, the results for each parameter were recorded and using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software for analysis by independent T-test and the statistical significance > 0.05. Results: A hundred participants fifty as study group (HbSS) sickle cell anemic Sudanese child clinically and laboratory-confirmed and fifty healthy as the control group, in comparing a mean of fibrinogen show statistically insignificant (P value 0.645) study group 291.1 ± 107.8 mg/dL and control group 283.4 ± 49.1 mg/dL, but there was a significant difference in comparing a mean of D-dimer in study group 0.56 ± 0.33 μg/mL and control group 0.33 ± 0.14 the P. value 0.00015. Conclusion: The level of D-dimer may be used as a hypercoagulability biomarker in comparison to the level of fibrinogen level for sickle cell anaemia Sudanese child
Irrigation Dynamics in Endodontics: Advances, Challenges and Clinical Implications
Get PDFIrrigation has always been a pillar of effective endodontic therapy, as it can be used to guarantee the elimination ofmicrobes, dissolution of tissue, and removal of debris in the intricate root canal system. Canal anatomy, the propertiesof the irrigant and modes of delivery affect the irrigation dynamics. New developments such as ultrasonic and sonicactivation, laser-assisted systems and new irrigants have played a huge role in enhancing penetration of irrigant anddisruption of biofilm. Nevertheless, obstacles remain in the realization of comprehensive disinfection of anatomicallycomplex areas without increasing the risk of extrusion of the irrigant and cytotoxicity. Optimized irrigation protocolshave a direct clinical clinical effect on the treatment, healing and prognosis in the long term. It is in the current state ofevidence-based practice, and because of ongoing advances, challenges, and their clinical relevance, this review showsthat the changing nature of endodontic irrigation still requires evidence-based strategies and ongoing innovation
Incidence of Infectious Diseases in Patients Suffering from Renal Diseases
Get PDFBackground: Infection is an invasion of an organism’s body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce. Patients with renal compromised states are more susceptible to infection than normal individuals. In the pre-dialysis era, about 45% of patients with the renal compromised state suffering from infection required hospitalization, while a total of about 78% of the enrolled subjects needed hospitalization. It was assumed that the debility caused by the uremic state increased the risk of infection, and the reversal of uremia would reduce the risk of infection.Aim: The main aim of the study is to report the incidence of infectious diseases in patients with renal compromised state and appropriate measures to be considered to control infectious conditions.Materials and Methods: The study was carried out as prospective and cross-sectional studies. During the study period, a total of 195 subjects were examined with the renal compromised state, of which 108 subjects were suffering from infectious co-morbidity, and were enrolled based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, which includes in-patients, out-patients, and patients on regular dialysis.Results: This shows the percentage prevalence of infections in patients with the renal compromised state is 55.38. Patients were found to show various infectious states.Conclusion: The conclusion shows the probability of encountering a subject with renal compromised state along with co-morbid infection is 0.55. Evidence-based international guidelines are of great value and are instrumental in helping reduce health-care-associated infections.Keywords: Incidence of infectious diseases, Renal compromised state, Renal disease
Cultivation of Paeoniae radix rubra in the wild-like environment and the evaluation of quality for transplanted products
Get PDFAim: The study aims to guide the actual cultivation of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. By establishing indoor and outdoor imitation wild environment, meanwhile, it used the quality inspection of cultivated production to judge the rationality of the scheme. Method: The seeds and rhizomes of Paeonia lactiflora P. were collected in the autumn of 2014, and the seed germination rate was tested under indoor wild-like conditions. In the outdoor wild-like environment, the buds were transplanted, then the roots were harvested in 2016, 2017, and 2018, respectively. Quantitative determination of paeoniflorin was determined by HPLC. Furthermore, the data on trait determination and component content were compared and analyzed.Results: In the specific indoor environment, the seeds were normally germinated, and their functions consisted of seed in wild regions. Moreover, the content of paeoniflorin in both two sources of Paeonia lactiflora P. roots, and the traits of cultivated products are increasing year by year.Conclusion: The simulated wild environment established the method in this study, which is suitable for the artificial production of wild Paeonia lactiflora P
Comparative Evaluation of Ultrasonic and Sonic Activation Techniques on Irrigant Penetration and Debris Removal in Complex Root Canal Systems
Get PDFThe effectiveness of root canal treatment largely depends on the ability of irrigants to penetrate and clean complex canal systems. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the efficiency of ultrasonic and sonic activation techniques on irrigant penetration and debris removal within complex root canal anatomies. Forty extracted human teeth with curved or multi-canal systems were prepared using standardized endodontic procedures and divided into two groups based on the activation technique employed. Ultrasonic activation utilized high-frequency oscillations to induce acoustic streaming and cavitation, while sonic activation relied on lower-frequency vibrations to agitate the irrigant solution. Irrigant penetration depth was assessed using dye infiltration, and debris removal was evaluated under stereomicroscopy. The results revealed that ultrasonic activation achieved significantly greater irrigant penetration and more effective debris elimination compared to sonic activation, particularly in apical and lateral canal regions. These findings suggest that ultrasonic activation enhances irrigant dynamics, improving canal cleanliness and potentially increasing the long-term success of endodontic therapy. Further studies are recommended to assess clinical outcomes and optimize activation parameters for different canal morphologies
Influence of Temperature and Flow Rate on the Efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite in Root Canal Disinfection: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach
Get PDFThe efficiency of root canal disinfection largely depends on the physicochemical behavior of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) during irrigation. This study aimed to investigate the influence of temperature and flow rate on the efficacy of NaOCl using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach. A three-dimensional model of a human root canal was developed to simulate irrigant flow under varying temperature (25°C–60°C) and flow rate conditions (1–6 mL/min). CFD analysis was used to evaluate velocity distribution, wall shear stress, and irrigant replacement within the canal system. The results demonstrated that elevating the temperature of NaOCl enhanced its chemical reactivity and improved penetration into apical regions, while higher flow rates increased shear stress and facilitated more effective debris and biofilm removal. The combination of increased temperature and optimized flow rate resulted in superior fluid exchange and enhanced disinfection efficiency. These findings suggest that CFD can effectively predict irrigant behavior under dynamic conditions, allowing clinicians to optimize irrigation protocols for improved clinical outcomes
A Brief Study of Nephrotoxicity and Nephroprotective Agents
No full textA kidney is particularly prone to the action of nephrotoxins because it receives 25% of the cardiac output. The presence of the metabolic processes in the renal tubular cells, nephrotoxins can release toxic components and induce damage. Nephrotoxicity can be diagnosed through a simple blood test. Evaluation of nephrotoxicity through blood tests includes the measurements of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), the concentration of serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate and creatinine clearance. The majority of cases of renal disease remain unnoticed unless they progress to advance stages when conventional therapeutic interventions are usually not sufficient to cure them completely. In this review, the study attempted to identify biomarkers that are more sensitive than the established markers and that are more indicative of pre-renal damage. Research is also focused on identifying biomarkers that can indicate the nature of the mechanisms involved. Nephrotoxicity assays such as measurement of the concentration of serum creatinine or blood urea nitrogen (BUN) do not have the sensitivity and selectivity required to determine nephrotoxicity in an early stage. Recently identified biomarkers described in this review may provide useful information to diagnose nephrotoxicity earlier and more selectively
The methanolic crude extract of Garcinia lancifolia have significant pharmacological activities with potential sources of phytochemicals
Get PDFBackground: Garcinia lancifolia, a potential medicinal plant has significant local use to alleviate various diseases like dysentery, diarrhea, dyspepsia, and as a pain reliever but not scientifically proven at yet. The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-diarrheal, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of crude extract of G. lancifolia. Methods: The plant parts of G. lancifolia were collected, dried, powdered, and extracted with methanol. Then the extracts were subjected to in-vivo anti-diarrheal activity by castor oil-induced method and analgesic activity by hot plate method in mice model. The Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and total phenolic content were demonstrated for the analysis of antioxidant activity. Results: Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of active phytochemicals like flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, and terpenoids in the plant extract. The extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significantly a reduction of diarrheal feces by 61.161% (p 0.01) and 72.33% (p 0.001), respectively in contrast to standard drug loperamide (77.83% reduction). In the hot plate method, the crude extract (300 mg/kg) revealed significant (p 0.05) analgesia in comparison to standard aceclofenac. In an antioxidant activity test, the extract contains a moderate level of phenolic content 10.78 μg/mg of gallic acid equivalent and the antioxidant activity by using DPPH free radical scavenging showed poor antioxidant potential with an IC50 value of 148.26 μg/mL. Conclusion: The findings of this study conclude that this plant is a potential source of pharmacological actions that may be a basis for further investigation on a large scal
The Novel Corona Virus Disease: A Review
No full textCovid-19 is a viral disease, which communicates by respiratory organs. This is a pandemic disease spread all over the world. All country of the world, which is infected by this virus search out so many, causes and infects the organs on the human beings but no sufficient prevention search by any county of the world. In the meantime, India recently searches a medicine like co-vaccine but not 100% sure for treatment. Now scientists or researchers prepare a day’s many countries of the world try again and again for the treatment of COVID-19 but no specific vaccine. So according to WHO guidelines for safety like a facemask, sanitizers, and social distancing are followed by people