Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research (IJPBR)
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Microballoons: A better approach for gastro retention
Get PDFThe purpose of this review is to accumulate the recent study on floating drug delivery system with special emphasis on microballoons as drug delivery. Microballoons are emerging as the most promising drug delivery as it overcome many limitations of conventional drug delivery system. As microballoons delivery system provides longer retention in gastric pH, hence longer is the residence time and therefore enhance the solubility of drugs that are less soluble in high pH environment. The formation of cavity inside the microsphere depends upon the preparation temperature and the surface smoothness determines the floatability and the drug release rate of the microballoons. The review includes the classification, advantages, disadvantages, method of preparation and future aspects of microballoons. Basic anatomy and physiology of stomach is also studied
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some 3-(5-aryl-4H-pyrazol-3-yl) anthracen-10(9H)-ones
Get PDFA series of 3-(5-aryl-4H-pyrazol-3-yl)anthracen-10(9H)-ones were synthesized from anthracen-10(9H)-one (1) and studied for their in vitro antibacterial activity. Anthracen- 10(9H)-one after Friedel crafts acetylation with acetyl chloride yielded 3-acetylanthracen- 10(9H)-one (2) which on further reaction with substituted aromatic aldehydes in the presence of catalytic amount of sodium hydroxide in water and ethanol furnished the corresponding 3-(3-arylacryloyl)anthracen-10(9H)-ones (3a-g) as intermediate compounds, which on further reaction with hydrazine hydrate in absolute ethanol formed the title compounds 3-(5-aryl-4H-pyrazol-3-yl)anthracen-10(9H)-ones (4a-g). These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, Mass and 1H-NMR spectral data. All the compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against two gram positive strains (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and two gram negative strains (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) taking ciprofloxacin as a standard drug. Some of the compounds showed significant antibacterial activity
Micro evolution of bitter taste domain drugs
Get PDFAyurveda classified the drugs in various ways and one of which the classification is based on Rasa (taste) dominancy. Rasa is essential to identify drugs and to know its therapeutic application. In this study the drug has been selected according to Charaka classification of Tikta Rasa (bitter taste) drugs with an aim to find out the similar characters among all the drugs having bitter Rasa dominancy. Till date there is no data available regarding the pharmacognostical evaluation in concern bitter taste. For the first time selected five bitter drugs are subjected to various pharmacognostical evaluation, result reveals that Organoleptic characters of all five drugs give bitter taste, microscopic evaluation revealed that presence of starch grain, vessels, fiber , brown content are dominant in all five raw drug and all the five powder subjected to alkaloid test by using dragondroff reagent and give positive result for alkaloid
A Validated Ion Chromatography method for determination of Ammonium content in Omeprazole tablets
Get PDFA simple, feasible, definite and strong Ion chromatography method was developed for the quantitative determination of ammonium content in Omeprazole tablets. The method was developed using Ion pac CS17 Column, 250 X 4.6mm X 5.0 m column with mobile phase containing 1.5mM Methane sulfonic acid in water. The eluted compounds were monitored using conductivity detector. The unknown peak and ammonium peak were well separated with resolution more than 2.0. The developed method was validated as per Internatonal Conference on Harmonisation of technical Requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use guidelines with respect to linearity (The high correlation coefficient >0.99), limit of detection, limit of quantification, exactness, precision and robustness. The Limit of detection, Limit of quantification values of Ammonium were 8ppm and 30ppm respectively
Comparaative study of Lipid profile and level of Antioxidant enzymes in cigarette smokers with non cigaretee smokers
No full textCigarette smoking is the serious health problems and most important avoidable cause of death in world. Worldwide more than 8 million people currently die each year from smoking half of them before of the age of 60. Every cigarette reduces the life span by about 5 minutes. Smoke contains oxidising agents and the oxidation reactions can produce free radicals. In turn, these radicals can start chain reactions that damage cells. In the present study 40 male subjects were divided into four different groups and their lipid profile have been estimated by various tests i.e. Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL-C, LDLC, VLDL-C. It was observed that in cigarette smokers HDL-C level decreased and cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, VLDL-C level increased as compared to the control i.e. non- cigarette smokers. In case of MDA and Antioxidant enzymes test, the value of MDA increases and antioxidant enzymes decreases in cigarette smokers as compared to the control i.e. non- cigarette smokers. The variation in the level of lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes from normal values causes several diseases such as Lung cancer, other cancers, heart disease, and stroke and has numerous immediate health effects on the brain and on the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, immune systems
Cyclic Changes In The Hypothalamo Neurohypophysial System of Xenentodon Cancila (HAM.)
Get PDFThe presence of functional hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system in vertebrates has led to revise earlier views regarding the hypothalamus-pituitary relationship. The hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system which consists of hypothalamic nuclei, their axonal fibres forming tractus preoptico-hypophyses and the neurohypophysis) works as a morphological as well as a physiological connection between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. In fishes, fibres from the neurosecretory hypothalamic nuclei terminate in the neurohypophysis, which remains inter digitized with the adenohypophysis and provides a very close association between the neurosecretory fibres and pars intermedia of the pituitary gland forming a neuro-intermediate lobe. Hypothalamo-Neurosecretory complex of Xenentodon cancila consists of Nucleus Pre-opticus (NPO), Nucleus Lateralis Tuberis (NLT) and their axonal tracts. NPO is a paired structure situated on either side of the third ventricle anterodorsal to the optic chiasma. NPO is divisible into a dorsal Pars Magnocellularis (PMC) consisting of large neurosecretory cells and Pars Parvocellularis (PPC) formed of smaller neurons. Neurons of PMC and PPC contribute beaded axons to form neurohypophysial tract. Herring bodies are seen in the anterior as well as posterior neurohypophysis
Proximate Composition And Phytochemical Constituents Of Aspilia africana (Pers) C. D. Adams and Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray Stems (Asteraceae)
No full textProximate composition and phytochemical constituents of stems of A. africana and T. diversifolia (Asteraceae) were investigated. The stems of these species contain anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties which cures malaria, skin diseases, athlete’s foot, asthma, gonorrhoea and to stop bleeding. The stems of these two species revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides. The proximate analysis of the stems of A. africana and T. diversifolia showed the moisture content of 15.7% and 20.6%, total ash of 6.10% and 6.55%, acid insoluble ash of 0.55% and 0.33%, sulphated ash of 18.8% and 14.0%, protein content of 7.87% and 9.62%, fat of 3.68% and 4.21%, fibre of 12.30% and 15.82%, carbohydrate of 75.97% and 70.35%, volatile ether soluble of 7.33% and 1.66%, water soluble of 3.33% and 0.33% and diluted alcohol soluble of 5.33% and 5.66%. The results of this study suggest the popular use of A. africana and T. diversifolia in herbal medicine
In-Silico Drug Design: A revolutionary approach to change the concept of current Drug Discovery Process
Get PDFComputational methods play a central role in modern drug discovery process. It includes the design and management of small molecule libraries, initial hit identification through virtual screening, optimization of the affinity as well as selectivity of hits and improving the physicochemical properties of the lead compounds. In this review article, computational drug designing approaches have been elucidated and discussed. The key considerations and guidelines for virtual chemical library design and whole drug discovery process. Traditional approach for discovery of a new drug is a costly and time consuming affair besides not being so productive. A number of potential reasons witness choosing the In-silico method of drug design to be a more wise and productive approach. There is a general perception that applied science has not kept pace with the advances of basic science. Therefore, there is a need for the use of alternative tools to get answers on efficacy and safety faster, with more certainty and at lower cost. In-silico drug design can play a significant role in all stages of drug development from the initial lead designing to final stage clinical development
Ascorbic Acid Contents From Some Exotic Tree Species Growing in Rajasthan Desert
Get PDFAscorbic acid contents of stems, leaves and fruits from four selected exotic tree species like Colophospermum mopane, Holoptelea integrifolia, Kigelia pinnata and Putranjiva roxburghii have been analysed. Maximum ascorbic acid contents were found in the fruits of Colophospermum mopane (42.10mg/100g.d.w.) while, minimum in the stems of Kigelia plnnata (22.15mg/100g.d.w)
Sterol contents from some fabaceous medicinal plants of Rajasthan desert
Get PDFEvaluation of sterol contents from three selected medicinal plant species of Fabaceae family growing in Rajasthan Desert was carried out. The roots, shoots and fruits of Clitoria ternatea, Sesbania bispinosa and Tephrosia purpurea were analysed for sterol contents. - Sitosterol and Stigmasterol were isolated and identified. Maximum sterol contents were observed in shoots of Sesbania bispinosa (0.29 mg/g.d.w.), whereas minimum in roots of Tephrosia purpurea(0.15mg/g.d.w