Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research (IJPBR)
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Comparison between the conventional method and molecular line probe assay for identification and drug sensitivity of mycobacteria tuberculosis from clinical specimens
Get PDFRapid susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains is imperative for therapy selection but traditional drug susceptibility tests take weeks or are expensive. Classical drug susceptibility (DST) may take up to 2 to 4 months. The line probe assay is a commercially available line-probe assay that rapidly detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex, as well as the most common mutations associated with rifampicin and isoniazid. In this study we assessed the sensitivity and specificity of the rapid molecular method in comparison with the conventional method
Hepatoprotective potential of Trigonella foenum graecum in deltamethrin induced albino rats
Get PDFObjective: Aim of investigation focuses attention on hepatoprotective and antioxidative effect of aqueous extract of Trigonella foenum graecum (TFG) in hepatic tissue of deltamethrin fed rats. Methods: In a 45 days treatment, rats were divided into six groups (IVI) of six animals in each, experiments were repeated thrice. Group I served as control rats; Group II received TFG dose 1 (9 g seed powder/kg b. wt./day); Group III received TFG dose 2 (45 g seed powder/kg b. wt./day); Group IV received deltamethrin; Group V received both deltamethrin and TFG (9 g seed powder/kg b. wt./day) and Group VI received both deltamethrin and TFG (9 g seed powder/kg b. wt./day). Results: In the present study, higher dose of TGF did not affect the levels of hepatic marker enzymes, which suggests that this dose had no toxic effect on normal rats. Significant increases in the serum levels of hepatic markers enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP) were observed in deltamethrin treated rats. Furthermore, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) content were decreased in hepatic tissue of deltamethrin treated rats. Additionally, serum cholesterol and hepatic lipid peroxidation were significantly enhanced. Co-administration of TFG and vitamin C to the group V and VI restored all the parameters cited above to near-normal values. Conclusion: The result obtained from present study revealed that TFG appeared to be a promising agent for protection against deltamethrin induced hepatotoxicity
An analytical study on panchavalkala choorna - a poly herbal compound in the management of psoriasis
No full textBackground: Panchavalkala Choorna is a poly herbal compound made from the barks of five major drugs from the Ficus family. It is widely quoted as an effective remedy in various skin disorders explained under the wide spectrum of Kushta (skin disorders), mentioned in Ayurvedic classics. However, till date no published data is available on the analytical profile of this compound formulation. The present study was aimed to standardize and develop the pharmacognostical and phytochemical profile of Panchavalkala Choorna. The compund was prepared as per classical methods and analytical findings were systematically recorded. The samples were subjected to organoleptic analysis, physicochemical analysis and High performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) examination by optimizing the solvent systems. Pharmacognostical profile of Panchavalkala Choorna was established. Loss on drying, Specific gravity, Viscosity and Refractive index, Iodine value, Acid value and Saponification value of Panchavalkala Choorna were found within prescribed limits. HPTLC fingerprinting profile of ST revealed 6 spots at 254 nm and 4 spots at 366 nm. Two spots were merging in both the long and short UV, showing common characters in both the wavelengths
Assessment of visual problems in elderly in an urban slum community of Mumbai
Get PDFBackground: Visual problems in the elderly share a major portion of the disability in the elderly. Visual impairment in the elderly can interfere with daily activities tremendously leading to dependence in many things. It can also lead to accidents and falls. Hence a study was carried out in an urban slum community at Mumbai to assess the various visual problems in the elderly, its causes and the prevalence. Methodology: Community based cross-sectional study of the elderly persons residing in an urban slum of Mumbai. Results: 65.54% (426) people had visual disability. Of 426 people with visual impairment 405(95.07%) people had low vision and 21 (4.93%) were blind. It was observed that errors of refraction (63.85%) and cataract (18.31%) were the most common cause of visual impairment. Conclusion: Visual impairment and disability is a major problem of the elderly. Errors of refraction and Cataract are the major causes for this disability which can be treated, thus preventing visual handicap and dependency
Evaluaton of hypoglycaemic and wound healing activities of Tiliacora acuminata
Get PDFNatural products particularly plant origin have played a vital role in prevention and mitigation of human diseases. The present study was carried to evaluate the antihyperglycaemic and wound healing activity of the leaf Extracts of Tiliacora acuminate (Lam) on rats, the aqueous leaf extract was found to produce significant reduction of blood glucose concentration between 2-4 h of administration in alloxan induced hyperglycaemic rats at tested dose levels. However, in normoglycaemic animals, the extract at 400mg/kg produced significant reduction of blood glucose between 2-4 h of administration. In the wound healing studies, the leaf juice was found to be more active than the extract
Immunoformatics and Molecular Simulation Study Unfold the Immunological Repertoire of Sabia Virus Glycoprotein G1
Get PDFSabia virus Glycoprotein G1 (GP1) is a peripheral membrane protein involved in viral adsorption and consequential pathogenic infection. Glycoprotein G1 (GP1) was subjected to immunoformatic and molecular simulation study to predict effective B-cell and T-cell epitopes with knowledge-based exploration of probable immunological responses the epitopes may elicit. The linear and conformational epitopes of GP1 for B-cell were predicted by immunoformatic tools housed in IEDB recourse. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes were predicted exploiting IEDB recourse tools whereas CD8+ T cell epitopes were severed further by immune response evoking ability of epitope-MHC complex. Contribution of GP1 to innate antiviral response was evolved by interferon (IFN)-gamma inducing and imitation capacity by immunoformatic and docking study respectively. The results of the B-cell epitope analysis suggest the occurrence of potential linear and conformational epitope with cross-reactivity. A range of T-cell epitopes were assumed to be involved in MHC class I and MHC class II molecule dependent antigen presentation. Glycoprotein G1 (GP1) may induce the IFNgamma but its IFN-gamma mimicking ability (confirmed by docking study) that adduces a prompt immune defense. Therefore, inherent immunological repertoire of GP1 epitopes can be taken in to advantage in future immunization regiment development against Sabia virus
Analysis of position of greater palatine foramen in central Indian adult skulls: a consideration for maxillary nerve block
Get PDFTo anaesthetize posterior part of soft palate for various surgical procedures, knowledge of the position of the greater palatine foramen (GPF) is very important. Blocking of maxillary division of trigeminal nerve or its branches for local anaesthesia is common practice for maxillofacial surgeries. Objective: this study was aimed to determine the morphology of greater palatine foramen in relation to certain fixed points. Methodology: this study was conducted on 86 dry adult Indian skulls. All the measurements were done with vernier caliper accurate to 0.1 mm. Using flexible stainless steel wire direction of opening of GPF into oral cavity was noted. Results: In 73.26% cases, GPF is located opposite third maxillary molar tooth. Mean distance from GPF to the incisive fossa (IF) was found to be 35.9 mm. The mean distance between posterior margins of GPF to posterior border of hard palate was 3.4 mm. The distance between the GPF to the midline maxillary suture was 15.3 mm. In 74.42% cases, direction of opening of GPF was located antero-laterally. Arched palatal vault was found in 66.28% skulls. Conclusion: The location of greater palatine foramen is variable still in most of the cases it is located opposite third molar tooth and is directed antero-later
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a great diagnostic challenge
Get PDFIdiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a rare chronic inflammatory lesion of breast which presents as a spectrum of diseases and is diagnosed only histological. It is often a diagnosis of exclusion in most of the cases. Medical and surgical treatments have been tried with varied success rates and till today no standard protocol could be made in its management though excision remains the treatment of choice in refractory cases which is associated with morbidity more due to psychological factors. In the present case, medical treatment was tried in the initial phase followed by wide excision
Endosulphan Concentration alters biomarkers in albino rat
Get PDFEffect of 11.01ppm of endosulfan dose on the enzyme Acid phosphatase and Alkaline phosphatase in liver and kidney of 5 week of swiss albino rat was studied for different period of exposure. The enzyme activity increased due to congestion, biliary hindrance and hyperplasia swelling of renal tubules and vacuolization. Phosphatase testing is used to assess enzymatic damage caused by kidney disease, liver disease, or a heart attack. Primary site of organochlorine storage in the body is adipose tissue. It is metabolized in the liver as a lipophilic xenobiotic to hepatotoxic intermediates by mono-oxygenase systems which cause oxidative stress. Increase in acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity is due to leakage of lysosomal enzymes into the cytoplasm and renal necrosis and pyknotic nuclei. Endosulphan effects the biomarker of albino rat
Establishment of social clubs as a potential tool to educate adolescents living in urban field practice area of Shri BM Patil Medical college, Bijapur
Get PDFIntroduction: Globally half of the new HIV/AIDS cases are among the age group of 15 to 24 years and the greatest hope for changing the course of epidemic lies with the same agegroup. Within this age group, adolescents are more vulnerable to HIV infection as they do not have access to appropriate information or awareness of the dangers of high risk behavior. Objectives: Utilization and Impact of Social Clubs on imparting Knowledge to the Adolescents regarding HIV/ AIDS. Methodology: The study was conducted from Dec 2012 to Nov 2013. Assuming a 30 per cent prevalence of knowledge on HIV/AIDS, 95 per cent confidence interval and 15 per cent allowable error and 10 % dropout rate the calculated sample size was 438 adolescents Results: Out of 438 enrolled adolescents in the social club, 64 per cent participated in vocational training courses (62% girls and 38% boys) and also they participated in recreational activities and AIDS education sessions. The remaining (36%) participated only in recreational activities.88 per cent of adolescents attended more than 75 per cent of educational sessions held while 10 Per cent attended only 50 to 75 per cent of AIDS awareness sessions. Conclusion: The social clubs seem to have potentials to improve HIV/AIDS awareness among adolescents to adopt a healthy lifestyle and can be utilized to address various issues related to adolescents