Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research (IJPBR)
Not a member yet
365 research outputs found
Sort by
Evaluation of standardisation parameters, pharmacognostic study, preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro antidiabetic activity of Coccinia indica fruits as per WHO guidelines
Get PDFCoccinia indica an annual creeper is available all over India and well known for its antidiabetic property. In the present investigation, aqueous extract, and ethanolic extract of the fruits were made using hot extraction procedure using soxhlet apparatus, decoction and maceration. The qualitative phyto-chemical screening procedure was performed on each extract. Phyto-chemical study reveals that carbohydrates, tannins, phenols, alkaloids, saponins was present in both the extracts. An attempt has been made to highlight this folk herbal medicine through present study which will assist in the identification of fresh as well as dried crude samples of fruits anatomically and physiochemically. TLC finger printing and fluorescence analysis of powdered fruits has been conducted and reported .The antidiabetic activity is conducted by enzyme inhibition (α-glycosidase) in invitro method on each extract and ethanolic extract showed significant inhibitio
Pharmacognostical and phytochemical standardization of Baladi churna- A polyherbal formulation
Get PDFBaladi Churna described by Acharya Bhavprkash in Vandhyatva (infertility). Endometrium dysfunction is the prime cause of Infertility among the world Baladi Churna is useful in patients especially having implantation failure due to defective endometrium, which is known as Kshetra deformity in Ayurveda. So a new pharmaceutical preparation Baladi churna was tried to standardize which is economical in terms of time and machinery usage. The present work was carried out to standardize the finished product of to confirm Baladi Churna entity, quality and purity. The presence of trichomes, spiral vessels, pollen grains were the characteristic features observed in the microscopy of the prepared drug. Phyto-chemical analysis showed Loss on drying 8.24% w/w, ash value 9 %w/w, water soluble extract 46.3 % w/w and pH 6.5. HPTLC of Baladi Churna is the preliminary quantitative analysis which shows 11 prominent spots in UV 254 nm and 10 prominent spots 366 nm. Baladi Churna, a polyherbal formulation of 6 ingredients was prepared and HPTLC finger print profile was developed and it can be considered pharmacopial standard of Baladi Churna
Development of quality control parameters for the standardization of Leaves and bark of Sida acuta Burm.f
Get PDFSidha acuta Burm. f belonging to family Malvaceae is a terrestrial, erect shrub which is up to 155 cm tall. The plant is native to Mexico, Central America and Himalayan region of India but has spread throughout the tropics and subtropics. Sida acuta Burm. f is widely distributed in pantropical areas and is widely used as traditional medicine in many cases. Among illnesses the plant is may be used alone or in combinations with other plants to cure fever, skin diseases, snake bites, Hemorrhoids, impotency and for boils and eye cataracts. Although the plant has been screened and suggested for various therapeutic activities its photocomposition remained unrevealed because of very restricted amount of research work carried out. Thus it was thought worthwhile to explore this endangered plant on the basis of various standardization parameters. The present research work deals with the collection, identification, extraction, pharmacognosical and phytochemical investigation of Leaves of Sidha acuta Burm. f
Monoclonal antibody conjugated Nanoparticles targeted to Prostate tumor cells
Get PDFNovel approaches to drug delivery and formulation using nanotechnology are revolutionizing the future of medicine. The application of nanotechnology in medicine is offering many exciting possibilities in healthcare. Engineered nanoparticles and conjugation of monoclonal antibodies with anticancer drug Docetaxel have the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and the therapy of its diseases, particularly by targeted delivery of anticancer drugs and imaging contrast agents. Prostate cancer, the second most common cancer in men, represents one of the major epidemiological problems, especially for patients in the advanced age. There is a substantial interest in developing therapeutic options for treatment of prostate cancer based on use of nanocarriers with the conjugation of drug and antibody, to overcome the lack of specificity of conventional chemotherapeutic agents as well as for the early detection of precancerous and malignant lesions. In this article, we highlight on the recent development of bioconjugation of drug with nanotechnology strategies adopted for the management of prostate cancer. In particular, the combination of targeted and controlled-release polymer nanocarriers have worked against prostate specific membrane antigen, a promising targeted Docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles, which can be validated for use in the prostate cancer therapy. However, several limitations facing nanoparticle delivery to solid tumors, such as heterogeneity of intratumoural barriers and vasculature, cytotoxicity and or hypersensitivity reactions to currently available cancer nanomedicines, and the difficult in developing targeted nanoparticles with optimal biophysicochemical properties, should be still addressed for successful tumor eradication
Physical Activity Related Risk Factor Assessment for Altered Drug Pharmacokinetics in Human Population
Get PDFThe study examined the intensity of an individual’s physical activity by using self administered International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form 7 (IPAQ-SF7) as a measuring tool and assessed its impact on the various body physiological functions likely to alter drug pharmacokinetic processes. The study was conducted in normal, subjects inhabited at different regions in India, with the translated versions of IPAQ-SF7 in Hindi and Tamil languages found the high intensities of vigorous, moderate activities and walking and showed excellent reproducibility as similar as it has been studied in different population worldwide. The resting state systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate and respiratory rate were significantly higher in the subjects. The diaphragmatic breathing pattern was found used by majority of the subjects. The energy utilization of the subjects on their physical activity was obtained in high Metabolic Equivalence of Task (METs) minutes per week. Thus significance in the physiological parameters was strong enough to alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs whose metabolism and elimination are primarily dependent on renal function. This results which will be helpful in optimizing and selecting the drug doses for the people under extreme physical activity with less oxygen consumption in muscles, low level of respiratory rates and high energy utilization in their body
In Silico Modeling and Immunoinformatics Probing Disclose the Epitope Based PeptideVaccine Against Zika Virus Envelope Glycoprotein
Get PDFZika virus (ZIKV) is an aedes mosquito borne pathogen belonging to the member of flaviviridae subgroup is the causative agent of an emerging disease called Zika fever, known as a benign infection usually presenting as influenza like illness with cutaneous rash. Due to recent epidemic outbreaks it is realized as a major health risk which need enhanced surveillance, but no attempt has been made to design an epitope based peptide vaccine against Zika virus. Viral envelope proteins are derived from host cell membrane proteins with some viral glycoproteins and are used to cover their protective protein capsid, help the viruses to enter host cells and help them to avoid the host immune response. In this study, amino acid sequence of ZIKV envelope glycoprotein was obtained from a protein database and examined with in silico approaches to determine the most immunogenic epitopes for B cell and T cell which could induce humoral as well as cell mediated immune response. Both the linear and conformational epitopes for B cell were predicted by immunoinformatics tools housed in IEDB resources. The peptide sequence DAHAKRQTVVVLGSQEGAV from position 121 and peptide sequence from 117-137 amino acids were predicted as most potential B cell linear and conformational epitopes respectively. Epitopes for CD4+ and CD8+ T cell were also predicted by using tools within IEDB resource and peptide sequence MMLELDPPF from position 250-258 amino acids was predicted as most immunogenic CD8+ T cell epitope with immune response evoking ability prediction score (I pMHC) of 0.09139 and conservancy of 52.17%. The innate immune response for ZIKV envelope glycoprotein was determined by interferon (IFN)-gamma effectuation and mimicking capacity by immunoinformatics and molecular docking study respectively. However, this is an introductory approach to design an epitope based peptide vaccine against Zika virus; we hope this model will be very much helpful in designing and predicting novel vaccine candidate
Preliminary Pharmacological Screening of Ethanolic Extract of Aristoochia indica on Nephrolithiasis Rat
Get PDFThe effect of ethanolic extract of Aristolochia indica was studied on experimentally induced nepharolithatic and urolithuasis in rats. Oxalate urolithiasis was produced by the addition of 0.75% ethylene glycol in the diet for a period for 30 days. Ethylene glycol treatment resulted in a significant increase in the levels of calcium and oxalate. Treatment of ethanolic extract of Aristolochia indica 100mg/kg body weight for 30 days revealed a dose –related effect in the reduction of lithogenic substances, following glycolic acid induced urolithiasis. Simultaneous oral treatment with at a dose of ethanolic extract of Aristolochia indica 100mg/kg for 30 days significantly reversed the ethylene glycol induced nepharolithiasis and urolithiasis. Presumably by preventing the urinary supersaturation of lithogenic substances. Especially of oxalate and calcium. These observation indicate that ethanolic extract of Aristolochia indica can play an important role in the prevention of disorders associated with kidney stone formation
Role of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi on tolerance to salinity of the tree legume Albizia lebbeck (L.) inoculated by Rhizobium
Get PDFMyrica esculenta (Myricaceae) and Syzygium cumini(Myrtaceae), the Indian traditional fruits The effect of different level of salinity on growth, nodulation and Nitrogen fixation of single and dual inoculated tree legumes which help arbascular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Acaulospora laevis Gerd. and Trappe with Rhizobium bacteria in the presence of different levels of salinity (concentration of NaCl) conducted in earthen pots in a completely randomized block design with three replications resulted in effective plant growth, shoot and root biomasses, nodulation and N2 fixation. The effect of different levels of salinity (concentration of NaCl) on growth, nodulation and N2 fixation of single (Rhizobium or AMF alone) and dual inoculated (Rhizobium + AMF ) tree legume has a pot culture experiment using The parameter growth , nodulation, nitrogen fixation and % AMF colonization of roots were considerable influenced with the increase in salt concentration from 0.5 % to 4.0 % NaCl. It was observed that the mycorrhizal tree legume (inoculated with the most preferred AMF Acaulospora laevis) performed better in the increasing levels of salinity in comparison to non-mycorrhozal ones. These investigations suggested a protective role play by AMF in providing resistance to the tree legume against injurious effects of salinity. Inoculation of efficient strain of AMF (Acaulospora laevis) during the course of study, prevented the injurious effects of salinity in the test plants due to enhanced water and sustainable nutrient uptake thereby promoting growth, nodulation and biogeochemical N2 cycle (fixation of nitrogen) of the tree legume under investigation
Nanoemulsion: A Review on Novel Profusion in Advanced Drug Delivery
Get PDFNanoemulsions are submicron sized emulsion that is under extensive investigation as drug carriers for improving the delivery of therapeutic agents. These are by far the most advanced nanoparticle systems for the systemic delivery of active pharmaceutical for controlled drug delivery and targeting. These are the thermodynamically stable isotropic system in which two immiscible liquid (water and oil) are mixed to form a single phase by means of an appropriate surfactants or it mixes with a droplet diameter approximately in the range of 0.5-100 μm. Nanoemulsion droplet size falls typically in the range of 20-200 nm and shows a narrow size distribution. Nanoemulsion show great promise for the future of cosmetics, diagnostics, drug therapies and biotechnologies. Thus the aim of this review is focused on nanoemulsion advantage and disadvantage, various methods of preparation, characterization techniques and the various applications of sub micron size emulsion in different areas such as various route of administration, in chemotherapy, in cosmetic, etc
A study of clinical, metabolic and hematological profile in infants of diabetic mothers
Get PDFBackground:Diabetes has long been associated with maternal and perinatal mobidity and mortality. Infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) have higher risks for serious problems during pregnancy, delivery and early neonatal period. Abnormal fetal metabolism during pregnancy which is complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus results in multiple neonatal sequelae. Objective: To study the clinical, metabolic and hematological profile in infants of diabetic mothers and to compare the neonatal outcome in gestational and pregestational (overt) diabetic mothers. Methods: 69 neonates born to diabetic mothers were enrolled in the study. Gestational age, birth weight, relevant perinatal history and examination findings were recorded. Blood samples were collected to perform relevant biochemical tests and managed as per unit protocol. Echocardiography and ultrasound abdomen was done routinely in all neonates. Results: Of the 69 neonates, 71.01% (49/69) were born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), while the remaining 28.99% (20/69) were born to mothers with pregestational (overt) diabetes mellitus (PGDM). 53.63% (37/69) of mothers had poor glycemic control. Most of the neonates (73.91% - 51/69) were delivered by cesarean section. 88.40% (61/69) of the babies were born at term. Majority of them (85.50% - 59/69) were appropriate for gestational age with mean birth weight of 3.06±0.82kgs. Hypoglycemia was the most common metabolic abnormality seen in 73.91% (51/69) of neonates. Polycythemia was seen in 60.80% (42/69) of neonates. Congenital malformations were seen in 17.40% (12/69) of neonates, of which most of them had congenital heart disease. 11.60% (8/69) of the babies had suffered birth injuries. 5.80% (4/69) of neonates died in the early neonatal period. Occurrence of hypoglycemia, polycythemia, hyperbilirubinemia, congenital anomalies and birth injuries were significantly higher in infants born to mothers with GDM, whereas hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia were significantly higher in infants of mothers with PGDM. Conclusions: Among the pregnancies complicated by diabetes, GDM continues to have a major contribution. Hypoglycemia and polycythemia remain the most common biochemical and hematological abnormality respectively. Congenital heart disease forms a major proportion of the congenital anomalies seen in IDMs. Mortality rate is higher in infants born to mothers with GDM