Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research (IJPBR)
Not a member yet
365 research outputs found
Sort by
Gold Nanoparticles synthesis, properties, and forthcoming applications : A review
Get PDFGold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have several biomedical applications in diagnosis and treating of disease such as targeted chemotherapy and in pharmaceutical drug delivery due to their multifunctionality and unique characteristics. AuNPs can be conjugated with ligands, imaging labels, therapeutic drugs and other functional moieties for site specific drug delivery application. In this present review we are discussing the synthesis, properties, and forthcoming applications of gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) which is the most studied among all other metallic-nanoparticles. Here our main focus is to explain the AuNPs application in cancer treatment. AuNPs provides non-toxic carrier system for pharmaceutical drug and gene delivery applications. Currently various anticancer drugs are available but these are cause the necrosis of cancerous cell as well as normal cells. AuNPs cause the necrosis of only cancer cells therefore we can utilize it as a delivery vehicle as well as anticancer agen
Small-scale screening program for the identification of cytotoxic Oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives based on Whole Cell Viability Assay
Get PDFFor over last couple of decades, there has been a robust activity aimed towards the discovery of novel anti-cancer therapeutics. An approach to identify starting points for new drug candidates is high throughput screening of compound library collection. In this work, we describe the application of a Tetrazolium-based, 96-well small scale screening assay to screen a mini library of 19 compounds bearing Oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine structures against human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Primary actives identified against HUVEC were retested and the IC50 value compounds were estimated for HUVEC. The screening program (Primary screening) identified 4 compounds with inhibition rate percentage ≥ 70% each. Retest screening of these compounds, taking into account criteria required for high cytotoxic compounds, afforded a panel of 1 compound for further biological analysis. This compound had IC50 value of 12.19µM, 12.16µM, 10.24µM, 20.43µM for HUVECs, SGC7901, MCF7, and HeLa respectively. Furthermore, a clonogenic assay was performed in order to confirm the cytotoxic activity of the selected compound on the survival and proliferation of MCF7. This compound was found to significantly effect the survival and proliferation of MCF7. Taken together, the selected compound, namely SCYJ32, was found to be highly cytotoxic against the numerous cell lines. Further studies are ongoing in order to unravel various mechanisms of action of this novel small compound
Studies on antidiabetic activity of Acacia ferruginea DC. stem bark
Get PDFThe methanol extract of Acacia ferruginea (Family- Mimosaceae) was studied for possible antidiabetic activity on normoglycaemic, OGTT and alloxan induced diabetic rats at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o. The acute toxicity studies were carried out on Swiss albino mice to determine the LD50 values. The experiments were performed as per OECD guidelines. The results of the normoglycaemic, OGTT and hyperglycaemic studies revealed that the extract exhibited reduction in blood glucose concentration in a dose dependant manner as compared to the standard drug metformin (250 mg/kg, p.o.). The acute toxicity studies revealed no signs of mortality in animals treated with a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. Preliminary phytochemical studies of the methanol extract revealed presence of alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, gums and mucilages, proteins and amino acids. The present study justifies the use of the plant for treating diabetes as suggested in folklore remedies
Formulation development and characterization of fast dissolving tablets of oxcarbazepine
Get PDFThe objective of this study was formulation development and evaluation of Oxcarbazepine Fast Dissolving Tablets (FDTs) prepared by sublimation technique where different sublimating agents like camphor and menthol were used with L-HPC and crospovidone as a superdisintegrants. Oxcarbazepine is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. Each sublimating agent was used in concentration of 10-20 mg per tablet. Tablets were first prepared and then kept in hot air oven for sublimation. The prepared FDTs were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, drug content, friability, hardness, wetting time, water absorption ratio, in-vitro dispersion time, in-vitro disintegration time and in-vitro dissolution time. All formulations showed disintegration time ranging from 8 to 332sec. Optimized batch (SA6) was selected for the stability studies. The results of stability studies revealed that there was no remarkable difference in the tested parameters of promising formulation after storage for 3 months at 400 c ± 20 c 75% ± 5%RH and at room temperature 65% ± 5%RH as compared to initial results All the prepared formulae complied with Pharmacopoeia requirements of drug contents
Ingredients identification and quality control evaluation of phalakalyan ghrita: an ayurvedic formulation
Get PDFInfertility is defined as failure to conceive within one year or more than one year of regular and
unprotected coitus. It is the most sensitive and cumbersome problem which haunts every
couple. Total 10-15% of world population affected due to this problem. Among them Female
is directly responsible about 40%. The sub factors of female infertility are Ovarian,
Endometrial, Tubal and Uterine etc. In Ayurved so many formulation are given for Infertility.
Phalakalyana Ghrita (PKG) is a commonly used and prescribed Ayurvedic poly herbal
formulation in all types of Infertility. However, till date no published data is available on its analytical profile. The main aims and objectives of this study are to develop the
pharmacognostical and phytochemical profile of PKG. The pharmacognostical study reveals
the presence of Lignified fibres, Prismatic crystals, Borderpitted vessels, Rhomboidal crystal, Scleroids, Stone cells etc. Pharmaceutical analysis showed that the loss on drying value was 0.47% w/w, Specific gravity was 0.9133, Refractive index was 1.46, Iodine value was 48.56,
Saponification value was 227.05, and Acid value was 1.29. HPTLC fingerprinting profile of
PKG revealed 10 spots at 254 nm and 5 spots at 366nm
Diabetes: a risk factor for mortality from brain stroke
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus (DM), is a most common problem around the world and contributes to the development of different types of complications due to various pathological changes like change in thickening of capillary basement membrane, increase in vessel wall matrix and cellular proliferation. Diabetes mellitus represents a strong independent risk factor for stroke. The current review is an attempt to summarize the possible mechanisms that has been associated with increased risk of stroke due to diabetes mellitus
A overview: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and mechanisms
Get PDFThe inflammatory response represents a generalized response to infection or tissue damage and is designed to remove cellular debris, to localize invading organisms and arrest the spread of infection. NSAIDS are metabolized primarily in the liver. They vary in their half-lives and bioavailability. Given the multitude of available NSAIDs, the variability of their half-lives allows for different dosing regimens. The fluid in the inflamed area is known as inflammatory exudates, commonly called as pus. These exudates contain dead cells and debris in addition to body fluids. The inflammatory response is characterized by the following symptoms: Reddening of the localized area, swelling, pain and elevated temperature. Reddening results from capillary dialation that allows more blood to flow to the damaged tissue. Elevated temperature results from capillary dialation which permits increased blood flow through these vessels, with associated high metabolic activities of neutrophils and macrophages. The release of histamine from mast cells during antigen antibody reactions is well known, as is its involvement in the inflammatory response to skin injury. The present review focused on list and precautions of NSAID with its typed and classification, Analgesic activity study, histamine
Evaluaton of hypoglycaemic activity of Aegel marmelos alcoholic seed extract in experimental models of hyperglycemic rats
Get PDFThe present study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic effect of alcoholic seed extract of Aegel marmelos in comparison with glibenclamide in in vivo using alloxan rat model.The diabetic rats were orally given glibenclamide and alcoholic seed extract of Aegle marmelos for 21 days. The effects were studied in vivo. Oral administration of alcoholic seed extract of Aegle marmelos decrease the level of serum glucose, total cholesterol (TCH), triglycerides(TG), low density lipoprotein (LDLP), very low density lipoprotein(VLDLP) significantly while increasing HDL-cholesterol. Alcoholic seed extract of Aegle marmelos was also evaluated for oral glucose tolerance(OGTT) characteristics. In conclusion, alcoholic seed extract of Aegle marmelos had potential antidiabetic activity. Further it has been observed that the seed extract have positive effect on liver and kidney parenchyma
Carcinosarcoma of oesophagus: A case report
Get PDFOesophageal carcinosarcoma is a rare type of oesophageal cancer composed of both epithelial and mesenchymal components, occuring with an incidence of about 0.1-1.5 % of all oesophageal tumors. Most of the cases have been reported from Japan. Very few cases have been reported from India. We report a case of 65 year old female who presented with dysphagia and weight loss. Endoscopy revealed a bulky mass and the preliminary diagnosis was oesophageal carcinoma. On histology of the surgical specimen, the tumour revealed both epithelial and sarcomatous malignant cells. A tentative diagnosis of oesophageal carcinosarcoma was made. Immunohistochemical studies showed positivity for both pancytokeratin and vimentin thus confirming the diagnosis
Phytochemistry, pharmacology and traditional uses of Leptadenia pyrotechnica- An important medicinal plant
Get PDFTraditional Systems of medicines always played important role in the global health. In the traditional health medicinal plants providing a new areas of drug research. The demand for plant based medicines, food supplement, health products, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics are increasing in both developing and developed countries due to the growing recognition that the natural products are non toxic, have less side effects and easily available. Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forsk.) commonly known as Kheep belonging to family Asclepiadaceae. Leptadenia pyrotechnica leafless much branched shrub. All parts of Leptadenia pyrotechnica are used in traditional medicines. The present article gives an account of updated information on its phytochemistry pharmacological properties. Ethnomedical uses say to possess significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anthelmentic, antilipoxygenase, cytotoxic, antitumour, hypolipidemic and anti atherosclerotic activity. The present review contains wide number of isolated chemical constituents and various ethnomedical and traditional uses of Leptadenia pyrotechnica. It include information about historical background, conceptual basis, different disciplines studied in the systems, research and development aspects, drug manufacturing aspects and impact of globalization