Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research (IJPBR)
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Validated method for estimation of irbesartan in bulk and dosage form by high performance liquid chromatography technique
Get PDFA simple, specific, accurate and precise new high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the estimation of irbesartan in bulk and its developed dosage form. The mobile phase containing acetonitrile: Phosphate buffer pH 3.5 in proportion of 50:50 v/v was employed with flow rate of1.0 ml/min and eluting medium was monitored at 240 nm. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification and robustness for irbesartan. A linear response was observed in the range of 5- 40μg/ml. Linear regression of absorbance on concentration gave equation y = 101.9x + 195.3 with a regression co-efficient r2 =0.993. The method was validated for different parameters as per the ICH guidelines. The degradation studies were carried out by using the developed method. Thus the method was found to be useful for the determination of irbesartan in bulk as well as for dosage forms
Assesment of Roles and Responsibilities of ASHA workers in Bijapur taluk of Karnataka
Get PDFThe discourse on the ASHA's role centres around three typologies - ASHA as an activist, ASHA as a link worker or facilitator, and ASHA as a community level health care provider. She will counsel women on birth preparedness, importance of safe delivery, breastfeeding and complementary feeding, immunization, contraception and prevention of common infections including Reproductive Tract Infection/Sexually Transmitted Infection (RTIs/STIs) and care of the young child. A cross sectional study was done on 132 ASHA workers selected from 5 random PHCs in Bijapur taluk. Data was collected in a prestructured proforma using interview technique from June to October, 2012. Most of the ASHA workers were not aware about the newer roles and responsibilities been implied on them under various national programmes including the immunization guidelines and schedule. All the ASHA workers were aware about the performance based incentive for the their work in the community and its their right to claim that incentive. Under the cascade model of training to the ASHA, trainings should provide complete knowledge and skills to the trainees within the stipulated time. Quality of training should be enhanced and refresher trainings should be planned regularly
In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria causing diarrhea in children at Khartoum StateSudan
Get PDFBackground: Diarrhea remains a major public health problem in developing countries. The current
study was design to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria causing diarrhea in
children those antibiotics are recommended by Integrated Management-of Childhood illness (IMCI) .
Methods: A total number of 114 bacterial pathogens isolated from 432 children patients with diarrhea
attending Khartoum Pediatric Hospital and Omdurman Pediatric Hospital during the period of May 2005
to July 2007 were enrolled into the study. The antimicrobial activity against five commonly used
antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, nalidixic acid and amoxicillin were performed
using Kirby-Bauer method. Results: Out of 114 isolates about 63% were susceptible to co-trimoxazole;
where as 71.4% and 80.4% of the isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin and nalidixic acid, respectively.
All (100%) of isolated pathogens were susceptible to ciprofloxacin where as the susceptibility of
gentamicin among all isolates were 96.4%. Among 61 Shigella spp. isolates only 49.2% were
susceptible to co-trimoxazole compared with 54.1% of Shigella spp isolates that were susceptible to
amoxicillin. 96.8% of Shigella isolates were susceptible to gentamicin. Conclusion: In vitro sensitivity
test of isolates showed that ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin were the most effective antibacterial drugs for
bloody diarrhoea compared to co-trimoxazole and amoxicilli
Antimicrobial potential of the marine intertidal sponge, Ircinia fusca from west coast of India
Get PDFIn vitro antimicrobial screening of marine sponge (Porifera) Ircinia fusca collected from west coast of India, against selected bacteria and fungi was conducted in this study. Crude sponge extracts of the marine organism Ircinia fusca demonstrated activity against eight microbes tested. The extracts showing good antimicrobial activity are undergoing further analysis to identify the active constituents
Combination of Loperamide and Niacin modify DENA induced altered Liver enzymes
Get PDFHepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is among the most lethal cancers which makes it the third most frequent cause of cancer related deaths. Diethylnitrosamine (DENA) is a potent initiator and hepatocarcinogen in rats. DENA induced Hepatocellular damage clearly demonstrates by the elevated levels of liver enzymes serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and a-feto protein (AFP). This work is an attempt to test the hypothesis that Loperamide (5mg/kg) and Niacin in combination restores the DENA (160mg/kg) induced altered enzymes after single i.p administration in Wistar rats. The ability to alter the enzymes was measured by comparing biochemical serum markers and AFP. The results have confirmed the significant elevation of these parameters in DENA control group compared to normal control and the therapeutic groups. Therapeutic group significantly reveals that Loperamide and Niacin restores the altered hepatic enzymes towards the Normal. Key messages: Our data reveals and confirms that this remarkable combination possess the potential for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas in rats exposed to DENA. Administration of Loperamide + Niacin relatively improved the biochemical parameters to values approximating those of the normal controls
Occupational stress in female academic staff working in private and public universities
Get PDFThe present study was aimed to compare occupational stress between female academic staff working in private and public universities. The sampling frame for the study comprised 1523 full-time female academic staff working at both public and private universities at Khartoum State. Gumaa Said Yousif (2004) was used to measure occupational stress. There is no significant difference in occupational stress between female academic staff who works in private or public university. There is a significant difference between female academic staff working in public and private universities. It has been concluded that female academic staff working in private universities are vulnerable to burnout in the emotional exhaustion dimension
Pharmacodynamic interaction of Boerhaavia diffusa with omeprazole in experimentally induced ulcers inrats
Get PDFThe study evaluates the possible gastro protective of combination therapy of Omeprazole and
Boerhaavia diffusa using three different gastric ulcer models. Gastric Ulcers in SD rats were induced by
Indomethacin (25mg/kg), Pyrolus ligation model and stress-induced Ulcer. Various parameters like free
acidity and total acidity, ulcer index, ulcer score, pepsin and mucin content, anti oxidant parameters like
super oxide dismtase and catalase were evaluated. Omeprazole (2mg/kg) was used as the standard drug.
Boerhaavia diffusa was administered at two dose levels, 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight.
Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s Multiple Comparision test. P less than 0.05 was
considerable statistically significant.Oral administration of combination of Omeprazole and Boerhaevia
diffusa at 200 and 400 mg/kg produced significant (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001) decrease in acidity, ulcer index
and severity of ulceration in the pylorus ligation model as well as protection against stress and
Indomethacin induced ulcerations compared to control. It also shows significant (p less than 0.001) decrease
pepsin content and significant (p less than 0.001) increase in mucin content compared to control pylorus ligation
model. In Indomethacin induced model combination therapy at high level shows significant increase
(p less than 0.001) in antioxidant parameters like SOD and catalase compared to control. The anti ulcer effects of
combination of Omeprazole and Boerhaavia diffusa at both the dose levels were significantly higher
than that of omeprazole alone. Combination therapy was found to be an effective anti ulcerogenic agent,
minimizing any possible side effects. The result of the study suggests that combination therapy causes
an inhibitory effect on release of gastric hydro chloric acid and protects gastric mucosal damag
Correlation of Serum Cystatin C with Atherogenic indices in obese individuals
No full textIntroduction: Human obesity is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease. Cystatin C is a naturally occurring protease inhibitor and marker of cardiovascular disease. The atherogenic indices are used as an index for cardiac risk stratification. Objectives: To estimate the serum levels of Cystatin C in individuals with normal BMI, and obese, aged between 20-39 Yrs and to compare the levels of Cystatin C among these individuals and to correlate the levels of serum Cystatin C with atherogenic index of plasma and other indices. Methodology: The study population was taken from healthy volunteers of Mysore city, aged between 20-39 years of either sex. The study population was divided into 2 groups based on BMI. Each group contains sample size of 60. Fasting serum sample was analyzed for Total Cholesterol, TG, LDL-Cholesterol and HDL cholesterol by enzymatic method and serum Cystatin-C by immune-turbidimetric method using auto-analyser. Statistical Analysis: Analysis of Variance [ANOVA] was used to compare the serum levels of Cystatin C in the two groups. To correlate the serum Cystatin C with atherogenic indices for predicting the cardiovascular risk factors, Pearson’s correlation co-efficient was worked out. Results: The mean serum cystatin C levels in normal BMI group are 0.7±0.03 mg/L, and in Obese group 1.15±0.09 mg/(p value less than 0.001).In the study serum Cystatin C showed a positive correlation with serum triglycerides (r=0.7), Atherogenic index of plasma(AIP ) (r=0.80), TCHOL: HDL (Castelli’s Risk Index I) (r=0.71), HDL: LDL(Castelli’s Risk Index II) (r=0.70) respectively and Atherogenic coefficient (AC) {(NonHDLc)/HDLc}( r=0.60) and negative correlation with serum HDL(r=-0.52) Conclusion: Several indices had been derived from lipid profiles to establish an index for predicting the risk of having coronary event. The atherogenic index of plasma was strongly correlated with the Cystatin C, hence AIP can be used as better index for predicting the preclinical cardiovascular disease because of cost effectiveness in estimation of Cystatin C
Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Overview: Cissus quadrangularis Linn.
Get PDFCissus quadrangularis (Linn) has been used by the common man in India, and neighboring countries, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Malaysia for promotion of fracture healing and well known as “Hadjod”. It is also known as Vitis quadrangularis Wall. belongs to family Vitaceae. It is a common perennial climber, which is distributed throughout India, particularly in tropical regions. It requires warm tropical climate and propagated by stem cuttings. The plant is prescribed in the ancient Ayurvedic literature as a general tonic and analgesic, with specific bone fracture healing properties. The plant is believed to be useful in helminthiasis, anorexia, dyspepsia, colic, flatulence, skin diseases, leprosy, hemorrhage, epilepsy, convulsion, haemoptysis, tumors, chronic ulcers, swellings. The scrutiny of the present overview revealed pharmacognostical, phytochemical and some notable pharmacological activities of the plant such as Anti-osteoporotic activity, antioxidant, free radical scavenging, antimicrobial, antibacterial, bone healing, anti ulcer, analgesic and anti inflammatory, diuretic, Anabolic and Androgenic activity and toxicity studies
The efficacy of polyherbal formulation of Moringa oleifera, Viola odorata, Allium sativum against microbes- synergistic effect
Get PDFThe purpose of our present study is to test antimicrobial and antifungal activity of polyherbal formulations. The testing of the antimicrobial activity on polyhernal formulation was done against gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and gram negative (Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli,) bacteria. The testing of antifungal activity was done against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans with different combinations of polyherbal formulation. The microorganism to be tested was grown in relevant nutritional media. The solvent used for the extraction of Moringa oleifera, Viola odorata, Allium sativum was methanol. These methanolic extracts of chosen plants were further used in specific proportions for the preparation of polyherbal formulation (PF-1, PF-2, and PF-3). The resultant compositions were further used to check the efficacy against selected experimental microorganisms. PF-3 showed the significant high zone of inhibition against all the experimental microorganisms as compared to the other two combinations PF-1 and PF-2. Thus, the result has revealed that the antimicrobial activity is due to the synergistic effect of secondary metabolites present in these selected plants