Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research (IJPBR)
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Melatonin and thermal stress regulate differential expression of heat shock proteins and melatonin receptors in spleen of mice
Get PDFCellular defence by expression of heat shock proteins (Hsps) against stress stimulation is the
most universal phenomenon in stress physiology. Melatonin is well known as an anti-stress
molecule possessing hypothermic effects. It protects cells and tissues in stressed conditions.
Individually, Hsp70 and melatonin shows its functional ability in stressed organisms as well
as in immune functions. The aim of the present study was to determine the interaction of
melatonin receptors (MT1/MT2) in exogenous melatonin modulated expression of heat shock
proteins (Hsp70/Hsc70) in spleen of thermally stressed male mice. Results of the study
showed thermal stress significantly increased the Hsp70/Hsc70 and melatonin receptor MT2
expression in spleen of mice. The administration of melatonin significantly increased Hsp70
expression, but decreased Hsc70 expression. Both MT1/MT2 receptor expressions increased
after melatonin treatment, whereas thermal stress to melatonin treated mice showed decrease
in MT1/MT2 receptor expression than the only melatonin treated mice. MT2 receptor is
responding in all experimental conditions corresponding to changes in Hsp70 protein
expression. Therefore, the present study might suggest that MT2 receptor is interacting in
coordination of melatonin mediated heat shock proteins expression in mice spleen after
thermally stressed conditions
Morphometric Approach towards Growth Performance of Mahseer (Tor tor) in River Narmada Near Hoshangabad (M.P)
Get PDFDuring present study total 58 specimens of Mahseer (Tor tor) from River Narmada were studied for morphometric and meristic characteristics. Interrelationship among the morphometric and meristic characteristics were observed. The morphometric characters showed a proportional positive growth with the increasing length of the fish. The regression coefficient (b) of variable parameters (Y) on total length (X) showed that growth rate with respect to total length was maximum in case of weight (b = 3.113) and lowest in mouth tip to operculum top (b = 0.957).The correlation coefficient (r) was found positive for different morphometric parameters with respect of total length. In case of morphometric parameters proportional positive growth with increasing length of the fish was recorded during the present stud
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Commiphora myrrha against antibiotic resistant clinical pathogens
Get PDFThere are many plants used by tribunal people as an anti bacterial, among them myrrh is the one which is commonly used. Myrrh is an oleo gum resin obtained from the plant Commiphora myrrha belongs to the family Burceraceae. It can adhere to intestines because of its resinous nature and it reduces the acidity in small intestines. Generally, the resin is collected from bark and stem of the plant by the process incision. In present study ethyl acetate extract of Commiphora myrrha was used for the evaluation of Anti bacterial activity against three Gram negative organisms and two Gram positive organisms. The method used in evaluation of Anti bacterial activity was serial dilution and Agar Diffusion method. The antibacterial activity was calculated in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC). The antibacterial activity was compared with marketed antibiotic
Antimicrobial analysis of Triphala and comparison with its individual constituents
Get PDFTriphala, a well known ayurvedic formulation is used against number of ailments since ancient times. It consists of Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia bellerica in equal proportion. Triphala as a whole and its three individual constituents show specific antimicrobial activity against certain bacteria and fungi. Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of triphala and its constituents was studied against P.aeruginasa, E.coli , B.subtilis, K. pneumoniae and S.aureus by cup-plate method. Triphala was found strongly bactericidal against P. aeruginosa with 1.8 cm of inhibitory zone. This was on account of T. chebula which showed 1.2 cm of inhibitory zone against the same pathogen, followed by E. coli and other two Gram positive bacteria. T. bellerica however showed maximum inhibitory activity against B.subtilis by showing 2.2 cm of inhibitory zone. It was confirmed that antimicrobial activity against Gram negative bacteria is due to T. chebula and E. officinalis while antimicrobial activity against Gram positive bacteria is on account of T. bellerica. Antifungal activity of Triphala and its constituents was studied against two pathogenic fungi viz. Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans by the same method. Triphala was found more efficient against A. niger, this was on account of T. bellerica which showed nearly 2 cm zone of inhibition. T. bellerica and Triphala showed more than 2 cm inhibitory zone against C. albicans. Inhibitory zone of Emblica officinalis was observed to be of 1.5-2 cm against both the fungi, whereas T. chebula did not show inhibitory activity against C. albicans but showed nearly 1 cm of inhibitory zone against A. niger. This confirms that the antifungal activity of Triphala is primarily due to T. bellerica and E. offiicinalis
Comparative studies of Volatile Components of the essential Oil of leaves and flowers of Catharanthus roseus growing in Bangladesh by GC-MS analysis
Get PDFCatharanthus roseus is an important medicinal plant commonly known as Madagasker
periwinkle. Traditionally different parts of its used in the treatment of various diseases (e.g.
diabetes, menstrual regulators, hypertension, cancer and antigalactogogue etc.) in number of
countries. The essential oil of leaves and flowers of Catharanthus roseus growing in
Bangladesh were investigated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrophotometery
(GC-MS) to determined the chemical composition of the volatile fraction and identify their
chemotypes. Quantification of active principles through analytical tools is essential for
establishing the authenticity and credibility. Extraction by steam distillation and analysis with
GC-MS have been shown to be valuable tools for the identification of the constituents of
essential oil of leaves and flowers of Catharanthus roseus and can provide a useful guide
about the variation of the components. The main objective of the present study was focused
on identification and quantification of chemical constituents present in the essential oil of
leaves and flowers of Catharanthus roseus by GC-MS methods. 24 compounds consisting
(95.99%) of the total for the case of leaves were identified. And total 10 compounds
consisting (98.20%) of the total for the case of flowers of Catharanthus roseus were
identified by GC-MS analysis in Bangladesh. For the case of leaves the identified components
were : terpenoids (75.41%) , alkanes (6.0%) , aldehydes (5.5%), fatty acids (3.6 %),
ketones (3.2%), alcohol (2.28%) respectively. For the case of flowers the identified
components fatty acid esters (98.20) % respectively
A review: Gastroretentive drug delivery system (grdds)
Get PDFOne novel approach in this area is GRDDSs (Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery System). GRDDSs can improve the controlled delivery of drugs that have an absorption window by continuously releasing the drug for a prolonged period of time before it reaches its absorption site.The purpose of writing this review was to investigate, compile and present the recent as well as past literatures in more concise way with special focus on approaches which are currently utilized in the prolongation of gastric residence time. These includes floating system, swelling and expanding system, bio/mucoadhesive system, high density system and other delayed gastric emptying devices. The present review addresses briefly about the classification, formulation consideration for GRDDS, factors controlling gastric retention, merits, demerits and applications of gastroretentive drug delivery systems
Elaeocarpus ganitrus: its beneficial antiparkinsonian effect in MPTP induced motor and non-motor impairments in mice
Get PDFElaeocarpus ganitrus (Family: Elaeocarpaceae), has shown beneficial role in the treatment of depression, convulsions and asthma. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antiparkinson effect of E.ganitrus. Materials and methods: Swiss albino mice of either sex were divided into 06 groups (n =12). 1st group mice were given 0.5% carboxy methyl cellulose (orally), 2nd group were administered MPTP (2 doses, each dose 20 mg/kg at 2 hr. interval, i.p.). Whereas 3rd, 4th and 5th groups - were administered with E. ganitrus (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day, orally), respectively, along with MPTP. Group 6- received Levodopa (30mg/kg, i.p,) along with MPTP. To evaluate anti-Parkinson effect, hanging wire test, tardive dyskinesia test and elevated plus maze test were performed on the1st day and on 8th day. One way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey test, with p less than 0.05 was considered statistical significant. Results: E.ganitrus (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) was found to increase the hanging time significantly (p less than 0.001) in hanging wire test and significantly decreased (p less than 0.001) the Vacuous Chewing Movements (VCMs) in tardive dyskinesia test as compared to MPTP group. E.ganitrus (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) was found to significantly increase (p less than 0.001) the no. of entries and time spent in open arm and significantly decreased the no. of entries and time spent in closed arm (p less than 0.001) compared to MPTP treated group. Conclusion: The results of the present study conclusively showed that E.ganitrus has beneficial effect in MPTP induced experimental model of Parkinson's disease
Study of lipid profile in hypertensive subjects
Get PDFAim : The present study was designed to investigate lipid profile in hypertensive subjects. Material and Method : The present study was carried out on 25 healthy controls and 25 hypertensive subjects of either sex and of varying age groups attending the Out Patient Department of Medicine, Dr. S.N. Medical College and Associated group of hospitals, Jodhpur. Results: The results obtained in this study showed that the results of TG ,Total cholesterol ,HDL-c ,VLDL-c ,LDL-c were highly significant in patients compared with control subjects .Conclusion: The present study indicates an increased TG ,Total cholesterol ,VLDL-c ,LDL-c and decreased HDL-c values in hypertensive subjects, which is due to many factors like obesity ,age etc
In-silico designing of NKK: A better ligand than Aciclovir against Herpes Simplex Virus
Get PDFAciclovir is the best dr thymidine kinase made by the HSV. In the current study we have successfully designed a drug candidate “NKK”, which is far more efficient than aciclovir in terms of binding energy and physiochemical properties again used softwares viz. Autodock 4.0, FireDock and Hex dock in order to demonstrate that “NKK” is a better ligand than aciclovir with respect to aforesaid properties
Direct multiple shoots proliferation of black night shade (Solanum nigrum l.) from shoot tip explants induced by thidiazuron
Get PDFThe present investigation was undertaken in Black Night Shade (Solanum nigrum L.) which is an important medicinal plant. Direct multiple shoots proliferation was achieved from shoot tip. The shoot tips were cultured on MS medium fortified with Thidiazuron (TDZ) (1.0-7.0 mg/L) for multiple shoot induction. Multiple shoots proliferation was best observed at 3.0 mg/L TDZ from the shoot tip explants within three weeks of culture. Shoot number per explant ranged between 2 and 10. Individual shoots were aseptically excised and sub cultured in the same media for shoot elongation. The elongated shoots were transferred to Indole Acetic Acid/Indole Butyric Acid (IAA/IBA) (0.5mg/L–2.0mg/L) for root induction. Rooting was observed within two weeks of culture. Rooted plantlets were successfully hardened under culture conditions and subsequently established in the field conditions. The recorded survival rate of the plants was 86%. Plants looked healthy with no visually detectable phenotypic variations