Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research (IJPBR)
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Microbial polyhydroxybutyrate production by using cheap raw materials as substrates
Get PDFBioplastic, Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is well known for it’s environmental friendliness and complete decomposition into water and carbon dioxide by microorganisms. The main drawback of PHB commercialization is it’s high production cost which is 10 times higher than that of synthetic plastic. So, the present research work mainly focussed on the fermentative production of PHB by Bacillus amyloliquifaciens and Nocardiopsis potens using low cost raw materials like Molasses, wheat bran, rice bran, ragi bran, jambul seed powder, orange peel and whey as substrates. Bacillus amyloliquifaciens and Nocardiopsis potens gives maximum PHB 16.5 µg/ ml and 26.8 µg/ ml respectively in the medium containing molasses and wheat bran as a substrates. Further the functional groups of extracted PHB were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Optimisaton techniques: a futuristic approach for formulating and processing of pharmaceuticals
Get PDFDesigning and formulating an ideal pharmaceutical product is a very tedious job for a formulator as it comprises of multiple objectives. The traditional method followed for years is not only expensive and time consuming but it also needs lot of effort to be put in and in spite of that at times it proves to be unfavourable and unpredictable too.The recent approach to optimise i.e. to achieve the best combination of product and process characteristics under the given conditions is by using Design of Experiment (DoE).Design of Experiment (DoE) is an organised approach to determine the relationship between the factors (Xs) affecting a process and the output of that process (Ys).The recent optimisation methodologies include various approaches that come under the 2 main categories namely, simultaneous optimisation and sequential optimisation. Nowadays there are various software available to carry out the optimisation of pharmaceutical products
A REVIEW ON: HIV AIDS
Get PDFHIV/AIDS has always been one of the most thoroughly global of diseases. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lent virus that causes HIV infection and AIDS. AIDS is a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening infections and cancers to thrive. Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells. HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system such as helper CD4 T cells, macrophages. HIV infection leads to low levels of T cells through a number of mechanisms, including pyroptosis of infected T cells. The symptoms of AIDS are primarily the result of conditions that do not normally develop in individuals with healthy immune systems. Most of these conditions are opportunistic infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites that are normally controlled by the elements of the immune system that HIV damages. When condoms are used consistently by a couple in which one person is infected, the rate of HIV infection is less than 1% per year. There is some evidence to suggest that female condoms may provide an equivalent level of protection
A review on gastroretentive drug delivery system
Get PDFOral controlled release and site specific drug delivery system has been of great interest in pharmaceutical field to achieve improved therapeutic advantage. Concept of novel drug delivery system arose to overcome certain aspect related to physicochemical properties of drug molecule and the related formulations. Gastro retentive drug delivery system is one of such novel approaches to prolong gastric residence time, thereby targeting site specific drug release in the stomach for local or systemic effects. This approach is useful particularly for the drugs which have narrow absorption window in the upper part of gastro intestinal tract. In this review we have been discussed various approaches of gastro retentive drug delivery system, such as floating and non-floating systems
Sublingual tablets: an overview
Get PDFOral administration is one of the most convenient forms for the intake of drug due to ease of administration, painless, versatility, and paramount patient compliance. The demand of fast disintegrating tablets has been growing, during the last decades especially for geriatric and pediatric patients due to dysphasia. So the new drug delivery known as orally disintegrating tablets came to existence. As nowadays most of the people need effective relief within a short period of time so sublingual is the most suitable form of administration. These tablets disintegrate and dissolve rapidly in saliva due to interaction with our salivary enzymes
Beekeeping and Bee Products; Boon for Human Health and Wealth
Get PDFThe cross-fertilization by bee increases average agricultural yield by 20 to 25 percent. Its products like honey, pollen, royal jelly, propolis, bee venom have immense medical importance. Honey is useful for healing the wounds, helps to build up hemoglobin, used as laxative blood purifier, preventive against cold, cough, sore throat, eye ailments, burns and gastrointestinal disorder etc. Honey has antibiotic property and is effective in reducing the risk of heart disease, cancer and diabetes. Pollen lowers blood pressure, increases hemoglobin and erythrocyte content, useful in pernicious anemia, sterility, hypertension, in complaints of the nervous and endocrine system. Royal jelly has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiaging, vasodilative and hypotensive, antioxidant, antihypercholesterolemic and antitumor property. Royal jelly has a diuretic effect, prevents obesity, builds up resistance to infection, regulates the functioning of the endocrine glands and is good for arteriosclerosis and coronary deficiency. Bee venom acts as antibiotic and useful for lowering of blood pressure, in neural disorders and rheumatoid arthritis and acute rheumatic carditis, treating certain eye diseases, hypertension and gynecological and children’s diseases. Propolis, a resinous substance has pharmacologically active constituents as flavonoids, phenolics and other various aromatic compounds. Propolis has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant and antiinflammatory proprieties. It is used to treat mouth and gum disorders, gum decay, resistance to general illness, cure burns and fungal skin complaints. Beeswax is used to prepare polishes, waterproofing, electrical insulation, cosmetics, cold creams etc. It is also useful in engineering, pharmaceutical and confectionary industries
Formulation, characterization and pharmacological evaluation of anti-inflammatory polyphyto matrix tablet as a novel drug delivery system
Get PDFObjective: To deal with the formulation, characterization and pharmacological evaluation of anti-inflammatory polyphyto matrix tablet containing Carica papaya, Vitex negundo, Moringa oleifera and Boswellia serrata used as a novel drug delivery system. An attempt has been made to develop polyphyto matrix tablets by using HPMC and ethyl cellulose. Methods: Pharmacological screening of polyphyto matrix tablet was evaluated by using the carrageenan-induced paw edema rat model and the study carried out by using various doses (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight) of three different polyphyto matrix formulations. Diclofenac sodium was used as a standard drug, due to its considerable report on antiinflammatory importance. Data were expressed by mean±SD; statistical analysis was performed by using ANOVA and p less than 0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results: Physical and chemical evaluation parameters of polyphyto matrix formulation exhibits potent and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity in all the tested animal groups. Formulation F1 significantly (p less than 0.05) suppresses the inflammation in the rat paw and found to be preeminent and stable in comparison with standard and other two (F2 and F3) formulations. Conclusion: Study reveals that the polyphyto matrix formulation could be useful as either an alternative or a complementary therapy in the management of all types of inflammation. It may be due to presence of terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides and other phytochemical in herbs
Analysis of Fatty acid and Determination of Total Protein, Alkaloid, Saponin, Flavonoid of Bangladeshi Bombax ceiba Linn Leaves and Seeds
Get PDFBombax ceiba Linn belongs to the family of Bombacaceae and is an important medicinal plant. In Bangladesh, Bombax ceiba Linn is locally known as “Shimul tree”. The whole part of the plant used as traditional folk medicine for the treatment of antidysentric, anti diahorreal and antipyretic effects. The present communication attempts to evaluate fatty acid analysis by GC-MS spectrophotometer, total protein content by Kjeldahl method and to quantify some active constituents i.e. alkaloid, saponin and flavonoid. The fatty acid compositions of the petroleum ether extract of leaves and seeds of Bombax ceiba grown in Bangaladesh were determined by gas chromatography- mass spectrophotometer. 8 compounds were identified from leaves and 13 compounds were identified from the seeds. For both cases Palmitic acid showed higher value. The findings from present study showed the protein content for seeds have higher value (18.89%) than leaves of Bombax ceiba . The present investigation showed that both leaves and seeds of Bombax ceiba contain phytochemicals such as flavanoids, alakaloids and saponins in appreciable quantities. The flavonoid content of leaves was 5.97% and for the case of seeds (5.72%), the alkaloid content for leaves was (9.73%) and for seeds (31.44), the saponin content for the case of leaves (13.90%) and for the case of seeds was(43.58%)
Microscopical evaluation of leaf of Maytenus emarginata
Get PDFMicroscopical investigation was carried out on leaves of Maytenus emarginata (Willd.) Ding Hou belongs to family celastraceae, is an evergreen tree that tolerates various types of stresses of the desert, locally known as “Kankero” in Hindi, “Thorny staff tree” in English. Literature survey revealed that not much work has been done on this plant, especially on leaves. So we have taken its detailed microscopical studies to prove its appropriate identification. Microscopical study provide information that the lamina is dorsiventaral and 380µm thick. The Lamina is amphistomatic, the stomata being distributed both on the adaxial and abaxial sides. Calcium oxalate crystals of druses are fairly abundant in the mesophyll tissue. The stomata are cyclocytic type. The venation is densely reticulate. The terminations are either simple or more commonly forked into deuse clusters. Powder Microscopy show that the sclereids are fiber like in shape and size. The sclereids are 500 µm long and 30 µm thick. Long or short, cylindrical mesophyll cells are common with powder. They have dense tannin contents. The cells have thin wall and the cells are up to 200 µm long and 60 µm wide. Calciumoxlate druses are quite abundant in the power. They are spherical bodies with spiny surface. The druses are 30 µm in diameters. The above studies provide useful information in regard to its correct identity, evaluation and help to differentiate from the closely related other species of Maytenus Emarginata (Willd.)Ding Hou
Formulation and evaluation of Acyclovir microparticles for Ocular Delivery
Get PDFThe objective of the present work was to formulate and evaluate microparticles of Acyclovir and produced sustained drug delivery for ocular delivery. In this 9 batches(A1-C3) of acyclovir microparticle was prepared with ethyl cellulose, PVA and other ingredients by solvent evaporation technique. The prepared microparticles were evaluated for different parameters i.e % Drug yield, % Drug entrapment, Surface morphology, Zeta potential and in-vitro drug release for 24hrs in phosphate buffer 7.4 and simulated tear fluid. The best batch was performed stability studies for 6 months. The research concluded that Acyclovir microparticles could be a alternative for conventional dosage formand other phytochemical in herbs