Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research (IJPBR)
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Emulgel: Magnifying the application of topical drug delivery
Get PDFTopical drug delivery is mostly culled for the local dermatological action, but recently the new technologies are also enhancing its systemic effect. They are generally applied for the purpose as antiseptics, antifungal agents, skin emollients, and protectants. The activity of topical preparation confide in the various factors as drug solubility, its lipophilicity, contact time to skin, its permeability. Many widely used topical agents like ointments, creams, lotions, gel are associated with disadvantages like stability problems, stickiness and lesser spreading coefficient, irritation, allergic reactions, poor permeability, poor absorption and difficulty in absorption of large molecule, to rectify this the new concept of Emulgel has been introduced with the main objective to deliver hydrophobic drug molecule. Emulgel is oil in water or water in oil emulsion carrying drug to be incorporated in gel base to obtain gellified emulsion. Emulgel shows the controlled and better release effect of drug by virtue of combined effect of gel and emulsion with increased stability. Gel having various advantages as non greasy and favors good patient compliance in field of cosmetology and dermatology but are still limited to the deliver hydrophobic drugs. So the Emulgel comes to favour the hydrophobic drugs to give the advantages of gel. Emulgels have several advantages in the field of dermatology such as being thixotropic, greaseless, easily spreadable, easily removable, emollient, nonstaining, long shelf life, bio-friendly, transparent and pleasing appearance. Factors such as gelling agent, oil agent, emulsifiers influence the stability and efficacy of emulgel. So emulgels can be the better semisolid preparation than other conventional systems. At present the emulgel are being used for the delivery of analgesics, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-acne drugs and various cosmetic formulations with still wide range to explore
Effect of inhibition of estrogen synthesis or blocking its receptors on male rabbit reproduction
Get PDFPurpose: The present aimed to study the effects of tamoxifen and fadrozole on semen characteristics and fertility, besides we emphasized the relationship between brain estrogen and sexual behavior in male rabbits. Methods: Eighty rabbits allocated into four equal groups. The control injected with sesame oil; the second injected with estradiol; the third injected with tamoxifen and the fourth injected with fadrozole. Treatments done daily for 60 days. Ten rabbits from each group served artificial vagina for evaluation of semen and sexual behavior. The other ten served female rabbits for fertility test. Reproductive organ and brain weights recorded. Serum and testicular testosterone, serum and brain estradiol and testicular zinc and cholesterol levels assayed. Results: Tamoxifen caused decrease in all estimated parameters except it increased both sperm ab normalities percentage; testicular cholesterol content; time of reaction and time between two consecutive ejaculations. Fadrozole results were opposite to that of tamoxifen except it increased the time between two consecutive ejaculations and decreased brain estradiol level. Conclusion: Fadrozole may be improve male rabbits performance along with elevated testosterone evident highlighting the important played by testosterone in regulating male rabbit fertility and advocacy the postulate that testosterone effect is mediated in part by its aromatization to estradiol
Enhancement of solubility of poorly soluble drugs by solid dispersion: An Overview
Get PDFMost of the newly invented chemical drug moieties are poorly water soluble. According to BCS classification, class II and IV drugs are considered as poorly water soluble. So enhancement of oral absorption and bioavailability of solid dosage forms remains a challenge to formulation scientists due to their solubility criteria. Therefore many techniques are being explored to enhance the solubility of poor soluble drugs. Solid dispersion is one of the most important method for enhance the solubility (dissolution rate) and hence oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. In solid dispersion the particle size of drug is reduced or a crystalline pure drug is converted into amorphous form and hence the solubility is increased. Polymer incorporating in solid dispersion technology is usually hydrophilic in nature and also showing compatibility with the drug to enhance the drug solubility. This review mainly discus about solid dispersion, preparation methods, and finally characterization
To compare effectiveness of mulligan bent leg raise versus myofacial release in physiotherapy students with hamstring tightness
Get PDFVarious stretching technique have been used to improve muscle flexibility in rehabilitation and sports .Mechanisms involving the efficacy of a stretching technique were studied and certain conclusions indicate one technique better than the other. The aim of the present study was to measure hamstring flexibility after giving Myofacial Release Technique (MFR) and Mulligan Bent Leg Raise (BLR) and comparing the effects between the two techniques. A study was conducted among 30 asymptomatic physiotherapy students ranging from 18 – 25year of age with bilateral hamstring tightness and were randomized to one of the two groups- Myofacial Release Technique (n=15) and Bent Leg Raise Technique (n=15).Hamstring Flexibility was measured using Sit And Reach Test before the treatment after a week of treatment and follow up at the end of 2nd week. Analysis revealed that both Myofacial Release Technique and Mulligan Bent Leg Raise Technique has improved hamstring flexibility bilaterally, but Mulligan Bent Leg Raise Technique was more effective than Myofacial Release Technique as there was significant increase in flexibility after giving Mulligan Bent Leg Raise Technique
Synthesis of new Imidazole Derivatives as effective Antimicrobial Agents
Get PDFIn the present work, some new imidazole derivatives (3i-xii) were synthesized as per design synthetic protocol scheme. The structures of newly prepared compounds were confirmed by modern analytical technique (IR, 1H-NMR, Mass spectral data) and elemental analysis, results found in full agreement with their assigned structures. All the synthetic compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains viz. Escherichia coli (E. coli, MTCC 2961), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, MTCC 3160), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis, MTCC 121), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae, MTCC 3040) and Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus, MTCC 7527)) and fungal strains viz. Candida albicans (C. albicans, MTCC 227), Aspergillus niger (A. niger, MTCC 277) and Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus, MTCC 418) ; results showed good to remarkable activity. The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values were determined by comparison to ciprofloxacin (anti-bacterial) and fluconazole (anti-fungal) as standard drug. Among them, compound 3iv and 3x exhibited notable antimicrobial activity. These compounds may be used as new template for the searching of potential antimicrobial agents
Assessment of fine motor integration using bruininks oseretsky test of motor proficiency, 2nd edition, in 5 to 15 years of school going children
Get PDFFine motor integration is the degree to which visual perception and finger hand movements are well coordinated. Through integration of visual input and motor output motor tasks are planned, monitored, adjusted and executed. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2nd edition, is a pediatric test of fine motor and gross motor skills. It is an individually administered test that uses goal directed activities to measure motor skills in individuals ages 4 through 21. A study was conducted among 516 number of students from English as well as Marathi medium schools. After assessing the fine motor integration in the study population it was found that as the age increases the fine motor integration also increases and it is more in male children than that of female children
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some newer semicarbazone analogues
Get PDFOn the basis of literature review Semicarbazones have been potent in activities such as antifungal, antibacterial, antituberculosis, anticancerous etc. Till date various works has been done however still there is tremendous opportunities which can be explored. So, we planned for the synthesis of Semicarbazone derivaties and checking their antimicrobial activities. Biological activity was determined for all 19 synthesized compounds against bacteria (gram positive and gram negative) by MIC(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) method
Physico-chemical characterization, analytical method development and solubility studies for progesterone
Get PDFProgesterone is a well known natural contraceptive, a drug of BCS class II, which was used in early centuries to protect from the side effects of estrogens like abortion. For the preformulation studies, the solubility of progesterone in various oils, solvents, surfactants and co-surfactants was determined for further formulation development. The Progesterone has been evaluated for XRD, DSC, Partition coefficient, melting point and its solubility is also checked in different solvents. Physico-chemical characterization studies showed that progesterone has a melting point of 1270C. The solubility of drug progesterone was evaluated in methanol, and ethanol. The analytical method developed for the estimation of progesterone in methanol and ethanol showed maximum absorbance at λmax of 241 nm and 247 nm respectively at pH 7.4.Linearity studies indicated that estimation of progesterone between 1.00 μg /ml to 10.00 μg /ml was found to be linear with regression equation of y = 0.0575x + 0.0041; R² = 0.9985 with methanol and y = 0.0442x+0.0041; R² = 0.9968 with ethanol. On the basis of solubility studies two oils with highest solubility (Oleic acid and Myritol), two surfactants (Tween80 and Tween20) and three co-surfactants (Ethanol, Propanol and PEG400) were selected respectively for further formulation studies. The above analytical parameters indicated that the developed UV Spectrophotometric method for progesterone was simple, accurate, precise and reproducible
Stability indicating RP-HPLC method development and validation for the simultaneous determination of Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir in tablet dosage forms
Get PDFStability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous quantitation of Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir in its pharmaceutical dosage form and validated. The drugs were separated on Discovery C18 (150mm x 4.6mm, 5μ) column using 0.01N potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (50:50%v/v) as mobile phase on isocratic mode. The mobile phase is pump into the column at flow rate of 1.0ml/min and column oven temperature is maintained at 30ºC. The drugs were detected at a wavelength 240nm. The retention time for Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir were found to be 2.32min and 3.34min respectively. The developed method is validated in accordance with ICH guidelines. The method was found to be accurate, precise, specific and robust. The method obeys Beer’s law at a concentration range of 100μg/ml – 600μg/ml of Sofosbuvir and 25μg/ml – 150μg/ml of Velpatasvir, with correlation coefficient of 0.999 for both the drugs. The drugs were found to be stable and less prone to degradation when they are subjected to various stress conditions
Formulation and Evaluation of Ciprofloxacin Solid Dispersion Controlled Release Floating Capsules for Solubility Improvement
Get PDFSolid dispersions in water soluble carriers have attracted considerable interests as a mean of improving the dissolution rate and hence possibly bioavailability range of hydrophobic drugs. The poor solubility of ciprofloxacin leads to poor dissolution and hence variation in bioavailability. The purpose of present investigation was formulation and evaluation of controlled release floating capsule of ciprofloxacin with improved solubility and dissolution rate. In present study solid dispersion using various carriers like mannitol and lactose in different ratios were prepared by solvent evaporation method. The prepared solid dispersions were characterized for drug content, solubility and dissolution rate. The dissolution rate substantially improved for ciprofloxacin from its solid dispersions compared with pure drug. Dissolution rate increased with increase in carrier content. The dissolution rate was increased 3 folds with solid dispersions containing 1:4 of drug: lactose. The granules of ciprofloxacin solid dispersion containing 1:4 of drug: lactose ratio was prepared by wet granulation method using polymer such as ethyl cellulose and HPMC. The prepared granules were evaluated to preformulation studies such as angle of repose (18.41-24.22), bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index (11.31-12.75) and hausner’s ratio. All the parameters shows that the granules having good flow properties. These granules had converted into the capsule forms. Then the formulated capsules were taken to the evaluation studies such as weight variation, release study, buoyancy and floating duration (more than 6 hrs.). We can conclude that all the parameters were within the acceptable limits