Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research (IJPBR)
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Misuse of prescription analgesics and predictors of analgesic misuse among urban young adults of Sikkim, India
Get PDFBackground: Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most widely used analgesics and are available without prescription. NSAIDs can be acquired outside of pharmacies, the increase in NSAID consumption and the decrease in professional counseling (by physicians and pharmacists) may pose a serious risk for a substantial increase in adverse effect occurrences. Literature documents several factors affecting the possibility of analgesic misuse such as health status, the frequency and the manner of using analgesics, education and literacy skills (knowledge of safe usage, dosing, combining with other drugs etc.).Aim: The aim of this study was to recognize and describe the important predictive factors of the misuse of prescription analgesics among urban young adults of either sex in Sikkim, India. Methods: A pre devised validated case record form was administered to n=700 subjects. Data was statistically analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences software. Results: Statistically significant results were obtained for pain in the past 30 days (χ2 = 23.282, df=1, P 0.001), source of income (χ2 = 7.326, df=2, P=0.026), smoking in the past 30 days (χ2 = 14.430, df=2, P=0.001), body mass index (χ2 = 140.224, df=2, P 0.001) and depression (χ2 = 13.811, df=2, P=0.001).Conclusion: Several socio-demographic and lifestyle factors along with smoking in the past one month were associated with a continuous regular analgesic misuse of method was carried out utilizing ICH-guidelines. The described HPLC method method was successfully for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations containing dosage form
A review on pharmacology and phytochemistry of syzygium cumini
Get PDFTo encourage a disease free healthy life Mother Nature has gifted mankind medicinal plants. The world craves new ideas and looks to the Far East and Asia for inspiration and innovation. There is a wealth of technical data to support the safe use of this plant and this review will produce the data to justify the use of this plant in a wide range in the field of ayurveda. Syzygium cumini belongs to the family Myrtaceae. Commonly it is known as a amblang, Jambul, Jambolan and Kala Jamun in India. The seed is used as an alternative natural healing system in the Ayurvedic, Unani and Chinese medicines. It is effective in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, inflammation, ulcers and diarrhea and preclinical studies have also shown it to possess chemoprotective, radioprotective and antineoplastic properties. The present review has been primed to describe the existing data on the information on traditional and medicinal use of the Syzygium cumini plant
Antidiabetic Activity of Methanol Extract of Canthium parviflorum Lam. Leaves
Get PDFThe present investigation was carried out to study the antidiabetic activity of the methanol extract from the leaves of Canthium parviflorum Lam. (Family- Rubiaceae) in adult Wistar rats at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o. respectively using normoglycemic, glucose loaded and alloxan induced hyperglycaemic models. Metformin (250 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as reference standard for the activity comparison. Results of the study revealed significant antidiabetic activity of the methanol extract in a dose dependent manner. The antidiabetic activity showed by the extract may be due to by promoting the insulin release from the undestroyed β-cells or its action may be similar to insulin. Our study supports the folklore claims to its utilization as an antidiabetic medicinal plant and and suggests that leaves possess promising therapeutic activity for the maintenance of diabetes mellitus
Purity Specifications of Constituents of Cinnamon Essential Oil by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis
Get PDFThree main tools are used to determine the structures of organic molecules. These tools are infrared (IR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), Mass Spectrometry (MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). Organic molecules absorb light (infrared, ultraviolet, etc.) at particular wavelengths based on different vibrational modes unique to the specific functional groups and structural features. In the present study, the volatile compounds of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) were detected and identified by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. FTIR allowed us to identify 10 volatile compounds and indicated than the functional groups of the essential oils are CHx, C=C and C=O
Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Niosomal drug Delivery in Cancer Chemotherapy
Get PDFDrug delivery systems are defined as formulations aim for transportation of a drug to the desired area of action within the body. The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of using Niosomes as a drug delivery system for Cisplatin By entrapment of drug in Niosomes, dose also could be reduced. Niosomes were prepared by Ethanol injection method using cholesterol and Surfactant. Particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release studies were performed. The targeted niosome delivery system is composed of drug, surfactant and cholesterol. With regard to the influence of formulation variables on the percent drug loading (PDL), different compositions with varying ratios of surfactant and cholesterol were studied. In –Vitro drug release mechanism was studied for 24 hours
Development and Validation of Stability indicating method for the estimation of Axitinib in tablet dosage forms by UPLC
Get PDFA Stability Indicating Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography method was developed and validated for quantification of Axitinib in tablets. The chromatographic separation was done in an isocratic mode using the STD RP-18 Endcapped (50mm × 4.6mm, 2μ particle size) column. The mobile phase 0.1% OPA and acetonitrile 55:45 (%v/v) at the flow rate of 0.2mL/min and at ambient temperature was used. The wavelength used for detection was 249nm. The retention time for Axitinib was found to 1.03min. Axitinib was linear in the concentration range of 12.5μg/mL to 75μg/mL respectively. The developed method was validated and found to be accurate, specific and robust. The drug was subjected to the stressed conditions like acidic, basic, oxidative, photolytic, thermal and neutral conditions. The degradation results are found satisfactory. This method can be applied for the estimation of Axitinib in pharmaceutical dosage forms
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC method for Simultaneous Estimation of Metformin and Pioglitazone
Get PDFA new simple, accurate ,precise and reproducible RP-HPLC method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of metformin and pioglitazone in bulk drug form using proper HPLC system. The mobile phase consists of phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 35:65 at pH 3.4.The detection wavelength was carried out at 228 nm. The method was linear over the concentration range for metformin 50-100 μg/mL and for pioglitazone 20-180 μg/mL. The recoveries of metformin and pioglitazone were found to be 100.5 and 98.7% respectively. The validation of method was carried out utilizing ICH-guidelines. The described HPLC method method was successfully for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations containing dosage form
Development and Validation of a HPLC-UV Method with Pre-column Derivatization for Determination of Cinnabar in Jufang Zhibao Pills
Get PDFIn this work, a reliable and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography method with pre-column derivatization was established and validated for determination of cinnabar in Jufang Zhibao pills. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image was used to identify the types of cinnabar crude drug in Jufang Zhibao pills. The chromatography separation was performed on a Welch XB-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consists of water spiked with 0.022 mmol/L sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (A, pH adjusted to 8–9 by ammonia water) and methanol (B, 80:20, v/v) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with the detected wavelength was 272 nm. The oven temperature was set at 35°C. The calibration for cinnabar content has good linearity (R2 =0.9999) over the range of 2.43–300 μg/ml and the average recovery was less then 1.90%. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.1127 μg and 0.2065 μg/ml. The results indicated that the proposed method has advantages of high accuracy, good repeatability and stability and can be successfully used for determination of cinnabar in Jufang Zhibao pills. It provides a basis for drug manufacture quality control and proves the feasibility of the pre-column derivatization method during the determination of cinnabar in Jufang Zhibao pills
Evaluation of standardization parameter of polyherbal digestive “churna”
Get PDFThe development in these traditional systems of medicine leads to maintain proper quality of the product. India is rich in its flora and fauna. These plants are being used for curing many diseases as such in raw condition rather the being prepared as formulation. Churana is defined as a fine powder of drug or drugs in Ayurvedic system of medicine. Drugs mentioned in patha, are cleaned properly, dried thoroughly, pulverised and then sieved. The churana is free flowing and retains its potency for one year, if preserved in air tight containers. Churna formulations are similar to powder formulations in Allopathic system of medicine. In recent days churna is formulated into tablets in order to fix the dose easily. The churana was evaluated depending on various evaluation parameters and from the results obtained it was found to be within the standards. These preliminary tests can be prescribed as standards to fix the quality control test the churana and can be used in routine analysis of the same. The can also be used to perform quality control and quality assurance in the laboratory
Bio Nanotechnological Intervention: A Sustainable Alternative to Treat Dye Bearing Waste Waters
Get PDFWaste water treatment issues have been a growing problems these days. It has become stringently important to treat waste water prior its release into adjoining surface water bodies. In recent past, bio nanotechnological solutions have proved to be of paramount importance in circumventing the issues associated with dye bearing waste waters. Nanoparticles have a great potential to be used in waste water treatment. Its unique characteristic of having high surface area can be used efficiently for removing toxic metal ions, disease causing microbes, organic and inorganic solutes from water. Various classes of nanomaterials have been efficiently utilized for above cited facts including treatment of dye bearing waste water released from textile industries like metal-containing nanoparticles, carbonaceous nanomaterials, zeolites and dendrimers. The paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advances on different nanomaterial based mitigation strategies. Special emphasis has been given to green synthesis of nanoparticles aimed to address problems associated with textile effluents through nano bioremediation