International Journal of Health and Clinical Research
Not a member yet
3275 research outputs found
Sort by
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Water Handling and Sanitation in Urban Households of Chamarajanagar
Get PDFBackground: Water and sanitation form the core of sustainable development. The Sustainable Development Goal 6 seeks to ensure safe drinking water and sanitation for all. Water storage and handling methods along with point of use water treatment plays a crucial role in providing safe drinking water and thereby reducing the burden of water borne diseases. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of water handling and sanitation. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted for 2 months (July-August 2021) in the urban field practice area including 500 households by simple random sampling using predesigned semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics using frequencies and percentages were done. Chi square test was applied and p value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Most of the respondents (96%) opined that the water they used was safe and 85.2% knew that the quality of water affects health. Piped water supply was available in 78.2% houses. The commonest method of water treatment followed was boiling (264, 52.8%). Around 6.8% of households did not practice any method of water treatment. Majority had a sanitary latrine at home (88.6%). Community toilets were utilized by 2.2% of households and 9.2% practiced open air defaecation. Most of the household waste was collected by the corporation (90.6%) and 8.8% of the households were dumping the wastes. Higher level of education was significantly associated with increased knowledge and practice of water safety and sanitation. Conclusion: There is a need for educational intervention regarding water handling and treatment methods, promoting personal hygiene and sanitation
Psychopathology and Cognitiveimpairment in Patients with Hypothyroidism
Get PDFBackground and Objectives: Hypothyroidism is a chronic illness that affects the thyroid gland and is more common in women and the elderly. Patients with hypothyroidism are at a higher risk for psychiatric morbidity and cognitive impairment than the general population. No published Indian study in this precise topic has been identified by the current investigator to date. According to several findings, persons with hypothyroidism are more likely to have major psychiatric illnesses, psychiatric symptoms, or cognitive impairment. Among individuals with hypothyroidism, the researchers hope to determine the prevalence of psychiatric diseases, the frequency and character of psychiatric symptoms, and the presence of cognitive impairment.Methodology: It was decided to include 200 patients for the purpose of this investigation.A total of 100 patients with hypothyroidism and 100 patients with hypertension were assessed. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus (MINI Plus) was used to assess psychiatric disorders, the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) was used to assess psychiatric symptoms, and the Standardized Mini-Mental Status Examination (SMMSE) and the Brief Cognitive Rating Scale (BCRS) were used to assess cognitive functions in the study.Results: When compared to controls, patients with hypothyroidism experienced a higher rate of psychological morbidity.The frequency of psychiatric illnesses was found to be 52 percent in patients with hypothyroidism and 12 percent in individuals in the control group, with the difference being statistically significant in both cases. All patients suffering from Hypothyroidism was associated with psychiatric symptoms that did not fulfil the criteria for psychiatric illnesses, according to the study. In the domains of direction, language, and the building of SMMSE, patients with hypothyroidism demonstrated significantly substantial cognitive deficiencies compared to controls. In addition, they demonstrated highly severe cognitive deficits on the BCRS in the aggregate.Psychosomatic diseases, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive impairment were all found to have a significant relationship with serum TSH concentrations. Additionally, there was a strong link between psychiatric diseases and serum FT4 levels.Conclusion: When comparing patients with hypothyroidism to those with hypertension, the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive impairment is much higher in the hypothyroidism group
Screening of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in a tertiary care center of Bihar
Get PDFIntroduction: It is estimated that 325 million people worldwide are living with chronic HBV or HCV infection. The risk of chronicity is more in neonates (90%) and young children (20-60%) than in infection that is acquired in adulthood (5%). Methodology: This study was conducted at Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College & Hospital, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India by the Department of Microbiology during the study period of 1 year from January 2021 to December 2021. Patients’ samples were obtained from various outdoor patient departments & Indoor wards and were tested for HbsAg or Anti HCV antibody on Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Five milliliter of blood was collected and serum was separated which was divided into two aliquots; one was used for HbsAg and the other was used for anti-HCV antibody for ELISA testing. In total, 1000 samples were collected and tested for HbsAg and anti HCV antibody. Prior approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Collected data was tabulated and analyzed using SPSS ver. 21.0. Collected data was tabulated and analyzed using SPSS ver. 21.0. Results: A total of 1000 samples were collected and tested during the study duration. On analysis of collected samples, the prevalence of HbsAg was 6.12% which is higher in comparison to other parts of India where usually maximally it has been reported to around 4%. In case of anti HCV antibodies the prevalence was 5.89% which is greater than expected in India where it was thought to be around 1%. Conclusion: Availability of sufficient recent estimates of HBV or HCV prevalence is necessary to evaluate control measures and health care planning
Incidence of ESBL Producing Organisms In Neonatal Sepsis
Get PDFIntroduction: In neonates (0–28 days) ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important cause of nosocomial infections. The present study is directed to determine the frequency of infections caused by ESBL-producing organisms, the various bacteria producing ESBL, and the antibiotic susceptibility of these organisms in a neonatal intensive care unit in a tertiary care hospital of Bihar. Methodology: This study was conducted in the tertiary-level referral and inborn neonatal units by the Department of Microbiology at GMC, Bettiah, Bihar, India, from March 2020 February 2021. Written informed consent was obtained for each subject from the parents. The study was approved by the institute’s Ethics Committee. All patients with suspected neonatal sepsis admitted during the study period were included in the study. A total of 120 cases were enrolled in the study during the study period. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences ver. 20.0 (IBM, Chicago). Results: Culture-positive gram-negative organisms were found in 42 neonates. Of these mixture of organisms was found in 5 neonates and was excluded from the study. The incidence of ESBL producing organism was 5%. Klebsiella was isolated from 4 out of 6 ESBL positive samples and another 2 yielded Escherichia coli. Among the 31 ESBL negative culture, majority were Acenitobacter (51.6%) followed by Klebsiella (29%) and then Enterobacter (12.9%). Conclusion: Longitudinal surveillance of the microbial flora and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern should be done in every hospital periodically to know the existing flora and for appropriate management of the infection by these organisms
A study of Clinical Profile assessment in Patients Undergoing Mass Closure and Layered Closure for Laparotomies
Get PDFBackground: Linen and Cotton were already in use. Silk was the next suture of choice in non-absorbable suture range. It became very popular because of its excellent handling properties. It was extensively used in all surgical procedures including Cardiovascular Surgery. Aim: To assess the clinical profile of Patients Undergoing Mass Closure and Layered Closure Techniques in Laparotomies. Materials and Methods: History taking was followed as a routine in all cases admitted to the wards.Plain X-ray abdomen, Contrast X-rays like barium meal, Upper GI endoscopy and Abdominal ultrasound and CT scan were done in necessary cases. However in emergency cases, only the investigations necessary for supporting the diagnosis were employed. Results: In this study mid line incision was done in 39 patients, 65% of patients, Right Para Median incision in 18 patients 30 %, left Para median in 3 patients, 5%. In this study in mass closure group a mean time taken (min) 15.73 was required for the closure of the incision with standard deviation of 1.82.In the layered closure group mean time taken (min) was 25.03 with a standard deviation of 1.83. Conclusion: The age of the patients ranged from 15-65 years. Out of 60 patients 16 were in the age group of <30 years, 13 were 30-39 years, 11 were 40-49 years and 20 were >50 years
A study to evaluate morphological variations of the cystic artery to improve surgical safety
Get PDFBackground: Cystic artery is a key anatomical structure usually isolated and ligated during conventional cholecystectomy or laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The present study was conducted to evaluate morphological variations of the cystic artery to improve surgical safety. Materials & Methods: 40 human liver specimens with intact gallbladder and extrahepatic duct in the regular dissection were fixed in 10% formalin and were finely dissected. The specimens were observed for parameters like the origin of the CA, its length and diameter, mode and level of termination, and its relation to the Calot’s triangle, and the variations were noted, photographed, and studied. Results: Cystic artery of origin was right hepatic artery in 84%, persistent hypoglossal artery in 2%, left hepatic artery in 1%, gastroduodenal artery in 2%, common hepatic artery in 1% and aberrant right hepatic artery in 10%. The vascular relations of cystic artery was anterior to cystic duct in 4%, posterior to cystic duct in 6%, anterior to CHD in 2%, posterior to CHD in 12%, anterior to CBD in 1% and no relation in 75%. Site of origin of CA was inside Calot’s triangle in 70% and outside calot’s triangle in 30%. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: In maximum cases cystic artery of origin was right hepatic artery and in maximum cases its origin was in calot’s triangle
A Retrospective study on ICU isolates on Tracheostomy tube and their antimicrobial profile
Get PDFIntroduction: The tracheostomized patients are likely to develop pneumonia causing life threatening consequences due to severe, persistent, resistant infections. Objective: This study was done with the aim to identify the common organisms which cause Respiratory Tract Infections (RTI) and their resistant pattern of ventilated patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on the patients who underwent tracheostomy in ICU of Government Medical College, Jammu. The samples were processed according to established departmental protocols. Results: Out of 54 samples, 50(93%) were culture positive. 6samples were found to be polymicrobial. 4 samples showed no growth. Citrobacter sp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp. being the commonest species isolated. Citrobacter sp. and Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp. and Staphylococcus aureus showed high degree of resistance while Pseudomonas sp. and Escherichia coli showed moderate resistance. The gram negative bacilli were all sensitive to Colistin and Polymixin B. Staphylococcus aureus was 100% sensitive to Vancomycin. Conclusions: Intubated patients are the risk factor for development of RTI and to the increase in morbidity and mortality. Inappropriate and inadequate antibiotic treatment causes emergence of drug resistance in pathogens and poor prognosis in patients. The study reported the alarming condition of MDR in tracheal aspirates. Hence, surveillance for source of Multi Drug Resistant bacteria would be beneficial for intervention of infection related to it
Study of endometrial pathology in abnormal uterine bleeding
Get PDFBackground: The histopathological diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) shows spectrum of patterns and pathologist plays a vital role in the reporting of endometrium and differentiating non neoplastic lesion from neoplastic lesions, early diagnosis of precursor lesions and exclusion of malignancy. The aim of the study is to study the spectrum of endometrial patterns in women with AUB and to correlate with different age groups. Materials and methods: 780 samples of endometrium in women with AUB were received from gynecology department, processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, subjected to histopathological examination. Results: The peak incidence was observed in the age group 31-40 years. The common histological pattern was proliferative pattern 428(54.87%),secretory phase 174(22.30%),endometrial hyperplasia without atypia 49(6.28%),pill endometrium 34(4.35%),atrophic endometrium 32(4.10%),endometrial carcinoma 28(3.58%),inadequate sample 17(2.17%),endometrial polyps 13(1.66%),endometrial hyperplasia with atypia 3(0.38%) and tuberculous endometritis 2(0.24%).Conclusion: AUB significantly affects the quality life of women and leads to anemia. Hence histopathological examination should be considered which plays a critical role in the early diagnosis of endometrial pathology and to provide appropriate gynecological management
Study of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in ischemic stroke patients
Get PDFBackground: Oxidative stress is probably one of the mechanisms involved in neuronal damage induced by ischemia. During ischemia, high amounts of free radical formation together with reduced antioxidant defense causes oxidative stress that may play a role in the pathogenesis of stroke associated neuronal injury. Aim and objectives: To study the correlation between lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in ischemic stroke patients in comparison with normal controls. Materials and Methods: Cross sectional study includes 50 Ischemic stroke cases and 50 healthy controls. Fasting Venous blood samples were collected in ischemic stroke patients within 24hours from the time of onset of stroke and blood levels of Lipid profile, Malondialdehyde, Vitamin C, Vitamin E and Uric acid are estimated in both cases and controls. Results: In the Ischemic stroke group total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL levels were significantly increased and HDL level was significantly decreased. Malondialdehyde a lipid peroxidation product was significantly increased, while antioxidants Vitamin C and Vitamin E were significantly decreased. The other antioxidant Uric acid has increased significantly in cases when compared to controls. Conclusion: This study showed an altered antioxidant status in ischemic stroke patients, which may be an indirect proof for the existence of Lipid Peroxidation
Comparative clinical evaluation of buprenorphine versus morphine as adjuvant to bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block for upper limb surgery
Get PDFBackground: The supraclavicular brachial plexus block with local anesthetics is one of the most commonly used regional nerve block technique for upper limb surgeries being to their high success rate and ability to provide prolonged postoperative pain relief. Opioid has been used as an adjuvant to prolong analgesia with local anesthetic. Aim: Aim of study to evaluate the quality and duration of postoperative analgesia by adding buprenorphine and morphine to local anesthetic solution. Method: A prospective, observational study was conducted on 60 healthy patients of ASA grade I and II of age group 18-45 years scheduled for upper limb surgery under supraclavicular brachical plexus block. Patients were allocated into two groups, 30 in each group. Group BB (buprenorphine group) received: 0.5% Bupivacaine 20 ml + 3μg/kg Buprenorphine + 10ml normal Saline. Group BM (morphine group) recieved: 0.5% Bupivacaine 20ml + 75 μg/kg Morphine + 10ml normal Saline. The parameters observed were onset and duration of sensory and motor block, quality and duration of analgesia and side-effects. Result: The mean duration of postoperative analgesia was significantly longer in group BB (20.6±2.11hrs) than in group BM (13.03±1.32hrs). There was no difference between two groups on mean onset of sensory and motor block. The mean duration of sensory block was significantly longer in group BB (539.67±13.22min) than in group BM (312±9.38min) with p<0.05. The mean duration of motor block was insignificant The mean duration of motor block was also significantly longer in group BB (310.67±15.42min) than in group BM (178±9.79min) with p<0.05. Conclusion: Addition of 3μg/kg buprenorphine to 0.5% buprenorphine for supraclavicular brachical plexus block prolonged duration of postoperative analgesia and sensory blockade than morphine without an increase in side effects