International Journal of Health and Clinical Research
Not a member yet
3275 research outputs found
Sort by
Severe Chest Pain of Non-Cardiac Origin in a Patient with Coronary Artery Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review
Full text linkChest pain is one of the most common reasons for emergency department presentation and remains a leading cause of hospitaladmission worldwide. While acute coronary syndrome is the primary concern, particularly in older adults and patients withestablished coronary artery disease, the majority of chest pain cases are ultimately attributable to non-cardiac etiologies.Distinguishing cardiac from non-cardiac causes is clinically challenging, especially when initial investigations suggestsignificant underlying coronary pathology.We present the case of a 69-year-old male with extensive cardiovascular comorbidities, including prior coronary artery bypassgrafting, who presented with severe, persistent chest pain refractory to standard anti-ischemic therapy. Initial evaluation raisedconcern for non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction based on symptoms, risk profile, and imaging findings. Despite appropriatecardiac management, the patient’s symptoms persisted and his clinical course deteriorated, prompting further investigation.Subsequent imaging revealed severe acute cholecystitis complicated by hepatic abscess formation, which was identified asthe true source of his chest pain.This case underscores that non-cardiac conditions, particularly acute biliary pathology, can closely mimic acute coronary syndromesand may present with chest pain unresponsive to conventional cardiac therapies, even in patients with known coronary artery disease.Clinicians should maintain a broad differential diagnosis and reassess refractory chest pain systematically to avoid diagnosticdelay, reduce morbidity, and ensure timely, targeted management
Gastroretentive sustained release beads of Lamivudine
No full textThe objective of the investigation described is to develop gastroretentive sustained release beads of Lamivudine using sodium alginate and Eudragit S100 through the ionotropic gelation method. The resulting solution was extruded into a cross-linking solution containing calcium chloride (1% w/v) and acetic acid (10% v/v) using a 22 gauge syringe needleThe in vitro release profiles of the Lamivudine beads were assessed using 0.01N HCl as the dissolution medium. The oral bioavailability of the optimized microsphere dosage forms was evaluated through a single-dose study, revealing significant differences in parameters such as Cmax (maximum plasma concentration), Tmax (time to reach Cmax), T1/2 (elimination half-life), Ka (absorption rate constant), Ke (elimination rate constant), MRT (mean residence time), MDT (mean dissolution time), and AUC (area under the concentration-time curve) when compared to conventional tablets. Furthermore, a linear relationship was observed between the percentages of dissolved and absorbed Lamivudine, suggesting the possibility of predicting in vivo absorption by measuring in vitro dissolution.To determine the significance of the data, one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test was employed. The results indicated that the F3 formulation exhibited the best in vivo performance, demonstrating a controlled release profile that correlated well with the in vitro release profile of Lamivudine from the microspheres. This optimized formulation holds promise for the improved management of AIDS
Mucoadhesive tablets of acetaminophen
Full text linkMucoadhesive drug delivery systems have gained significant attention in pharmaceutical research due to their potential to enhance drug bioavailability, provide controlled drug release, and improve patient compliance. Acetaminophen, a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug, has limitations such as short half-life and hepatic first-pass metabolism, which can reduce its therapeutic efficacy. To overcome these challenges, the formulation of mucoadhesive buccal tablets has emerged as an effective alternative drug delivery approach. This review highlights various studies on the formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal tablets of acetaminophen, focusing on polymer selection, drug release kinetics, and bioadhesion strength. Key mucoadhesive polymers such as Carbopol, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC), Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (NaCMC), and Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) have been extensively studied for their role in enhancing mucoadhesion and sustaining drug release. Studies have demonstrated that combining these polymers results in improved adhesion, prolonged retention time, and controlled drug release, leading to enhanced therapeutic efficacy.Additionally, the incorporation of permeation enhancers like propylene glycol has shown significant improvement in drug absorption through the buccal mucosa. Advances in multi-layered tablets and pH-sensitive formulations have further optimized drug release profiles. In-vivo and in-vitro studies have validated the effectiveness of these formulations in achieving prolonged therapeutic action.Overall, mucoadhesive buccal tablets of acetaminophen offer a promising alternative to conventional oral administration, improving bioavailability and patient compliance. Future research should focus on clinical trials, optimization of polymer blends, and innovative formulation strategies to enhance therapeutic outcomes
Comparison of outcomes of Nylon and Silk sutures two weeks post modified radical mastectomy
No full textABSTRACT
AIM: To study the outcomes of nylon and silk sutures for skin closure two weeks post modified radical mastectomy.
OBJECTIVES:
1: To assess postoperative complications, cosmetic appearance and surgical site infection of wound in modified radical mastectomy with silk sutures.
2: To assess postoperative complications, cosmetic appearance and surgical site infection of wound in modified radical mastectomy with nylon sutures.
3: To compare the outcomes of nylon and silk sutures for skin closure two weeks post modified radical mastectomy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective observational study carried out at SGRDIMSR, Vallah, Sri Amritsar on 80 patients in two groups in equal size who underwent skin closure after modified radical mastectomy using nylon and silk sutures. Improvement in symptoms were compared on postoperative day 2, 5, 8, 10 and 14.
RESULTS: In our study, 120 patients were admitted in the surgical ward during the period of August, 2023 to February, 2025 with carcinoma breast. During their stay, 80 patients among them underwent modified radical mastectomy. Among them 40 patients underwent skin closure with nylon suture and other 40 patients underwent skin closure with silk suture. Wound infection, suture site abscess and wound discharge was observed more in silk sutures during post-operative period. Wound dehiscence rates remained low in both groups with minor variations across the time points. Nylon suture showed a better scar appearance at follow up.
CONCLUSION: In this study it was noted that Nylon suture showed a more aesthetically favourable scar appearance at 2 weeks after discharging the patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy.
KEYWORDS: Modified radical mastectomy, Nylon Suture, Silk Sutur
Herbal Medicated Chewing Gum Used To Treat Mouth Ulcer
Full text linkMouth ulcers are a prevalent oral mucosal condition that significantly affects daily activities such as eating, drinking, and speaking. While various pharmaceutical treatments exist, they often have side effects or provide only temporary relief. Herbal formulations present a safer, more effective alternative with minimal adverse effects. This review focuses on the formulation and evaluation of herbal medicated chewing gum (HMCG) incorporating liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and guava leaves (Psidium guajava) for treating mouth ulcers. The medicinal properties of these herbs, their mechanism of action, different formulation techniques, and essential evaluation parameters are explored in detail to provide insight into their potential as a novel therapeutic option
Epidemiological study of victims of two wheeler road traffic accidents: a tertiary care hospital based study
Full text linkIntroduction: Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) can be defined as “An accident that occurred on a way or street open to public traffic; resulting in persons being killed or injured and where at least one moving vehicle was involved”. Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) have emerged as a new health challenge in the world leading to injuries, disabilities and loss of precious human lives, apart from causing a substantial economic burden on the family concerned, as well as, on the nation. A road traffic fatality is considered to be a “death occurring within 30 days of a road traffic crash”.Methods: Our study entailed a prospective study of 400 patients admitted in the emergency ward under the Department of Surgery, in Government Medical College, Jammu, as sufferers/victims of two-wheeler road traffic accident. The data was collected from sufferers/ victims. In cases where the patients were not in a condition to give the history, the information was collected from the attendants or police personnel or any other person accompanying the victim in the causality and/or an eye-witness to the accident.Results: The present study highlights that two wheeler road traffic accidents are a serious threat to the youth. Victims were mostly males. The current study also reveals that human factors have a more important role to play as compared to the environmental and vehicle factors in the occurrence of two wheeler road traffic accidents.Conclusion: According to the present study, the important aspects that need attention are speeding, drink driving, no use of helmets, distracted driving due to use of mobile phones or listening to music and disobedience of traffic rules while driving
Candidiasis Among ICU Patients: Risk factors, Speciation and Antifungal Resistance Pattern: A Retrospective study from a tertiary care hospital in south Gujarat.
Full text linkIntroduction:Candidiasis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients admitted in intensive care units. Identification of Candida species is essential for effective treatment. However, in absence of proven fungemia, guidelines to initiate therapy are yet to be defined. Materials and methods - During the study (18 months: July 2018 to December 2019), samples (urine, sputum, blood, sterile body fluids) were collected from ICU patients and prospectively evaluated. Microscopy, culture, and antifungal susceptibility testing were performed as per standard laboratory protocol. Results- One hundred twenty-one non-duplicate samples (from 121 patients) positive on culture were included in the study. Female was significantly associated with the development of Candida infections than males with a ratio of 1.2:1. The most prevalent co-morbid condition among patients with Candida infections was diabetes mellitus (36.36%). Candida species revealed that Candida Albicans (51.24%) was the most frequently isolated species surpassing other non-albicans Candida species. Among non-albicans Candida species Candida glabrata (43.80%) was the most common isolated species followed by Candida tropical (4.13%). Candida species were mostly isolated from urine (70.25%) followed by blood(22.31%) and sterile body fluids(7.4%). Candida albican sensitivity was lowest for fluconazole (69.35%). Candida glabrata and candida tropicalis had shown alarming resistance to flucanazole and clotrimazole.Conclusion - The growing resistance to fluconazole necessitates the consideration of voriconazole as a highly effective alternative when initial treatment regimens do not succeed. In summary, the rising resistance of Candida species to ketoconazole emphasizes the vital need for precise species identification and antifungal susceptibility testing prior to the commencement of treatment. As resistance patterns develop, it is essential to maintain continuous surveillance and prudent application of antifungal medications to enhance patient outcomes and address the escalating challenge posed by drug-resistant fungal pathogens. This situation underscores the importance of antifungal susceptibility testing and monitoring to effectively tackle and manage resistance
Nanosponges:A review
Full text linkCosmeceuticals are cosmetic products with biologically active ingredients purporting to have medical or drug‐like benefits. A cosmeceutical is an ingredient with medicinal properties that manifests beneficial topical actions and provides protection against degenerative skin conditions. The word "Cosmeceuticals" was popularized by Albert M. Kligman in the late 1970s.Polyherbal extracts are mentioned which can be incorporated in nanosponges
Nanoparticles formulations of insulin glargine: an overview
Full text linkInsulin glargine, a long-acting insulin analog, is a cornerstone in the management of diabetes mellitus. However, its therapeutic efficacy is often hindered by limitations such as variable pharmacokinetics and suboptimal bioavailability. Nano-particle formulations have emerged as promising strategies to address these challenges, offering improved stability, prolonged action, and targeted delivery. This article provides an in-depth exploration of nano-particle formulation of insulin glargine, covering synthesis methods, physicochemical characterization, in vitro release kinetics, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation, and long-term efficacy studies. Various types of nano-particles, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and lipid nanoparticles, are discussed in detail, along with their potential advantages and challenges. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical studies assessing the therapeutic potential of nano-particle encapsulated insulin glargine are reviewed, shedding light on the translational opportunities and future directions in this fiel
Innovations in oral insulin delivery: the role of polymeric carriers in enhancing bioavailability
Full text linkInsulin therapy remains a cornerstone in the management of diabetes mellitus. However, conventional subcutaneous administration is associated with poor patient compliance, risk of hypoglycemia, and inconsistent pharmacokinetics. Oral insulin delivery, while more convenient and physiologically relevant, poses significant challenges due to enzymatic degradation and poor intestinal absorption. Recent advances in polymeric carriers have shown promise in overcoming these barriers. This review explores the current progress in polymer-based oral insulin delivery systems, emphasizing their design, mechanisms of protection and absorption enhancement, and clinical potential