International Journal of Health and Clinical Research
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Formulation, evaluation and optimization of microspheres of anti-inflammatory drug diacerein using polymer carbopol for the treatment of osteoarthritis
Full text linkThe objectives of the present study were to select a formulation that has an ideal in vitro dissolution profile and to compare the sustaining/ controlling efficacy of the selected formulation with that of the commercial conventional tablet in order to establish a good degree of in vitro–in vivo correlation. The microspheres were subjected to characterization for particle size, encapsulation efficiency, loose crystal study, stability study, in vitro release rate profile, release kinetics and in vivo study in New Zealand white rabbit species. A single-dose oral bioavailability study revealed significant differences in Cmax, Tmax, T, Ka, Ke, MRT, MDT and AUC between the conventional tablet and optimized microsphere dosage forms. Furthermore, linear relationship obtained between the percentages dissolved and absorbed suggests a means to predict in vivo absorption by measuring in vitro dissolution. Thus F5 formulation showed the best in vivo performance exhibiting deliberate release
To study and compare the efficacy of novel and naso-pulmonary drug delivery systems for respiratory disease management
Full text linkThis review examines recent advances in naso-pulmonary drug delivery technologies for respiratory disease management. Conventional routes including oral administration and inhalation therapy face significant limitations that novel delivery systems aim to overcome. We analyze anatomical and physiological considerations critical to optimizing naso-pulmonary delivery and discuss emerging technologies including nanoparticle-based systems, liposomes, smart polymers, and bio-adhesive formulations. Particle engineering strategies, excipient selection, and modified release systems are evaluated for their roles in enhancing therapeutic efficacy. In vitro and in vivo evaluation methods including advanced cell culture models and imaging techniques provide critical insights into drug deposition and distribution patterns. Comparative analyses of bioavailability metrics, pharmacokinetic profiles, and clinical outcomes data demonstrate significant advantages of novel delivery platforms across multiple respiratory conditions including asthma, COPD, infectious diseases, and pulmonary fibrosis. Despite regulatory and manufacturing challenges, future perspectives including personalized delivery approaches, AI-guided formulation design, and combination therapies offer promising directions for addressing the growing global burden of respiratory diseases
To evaluate postoperative shoulder tip pain in low pressure versus standard pressure pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Full text linkINTRODUCTION : Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard treatment for gallstone disease. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has rapidly replaced open cholecystectomy for treatment of patients with gall bladder disease especially cholelithiasis .METHODS: The present study was conducted to evaluate the postoperative shoulder tip pain in low pressure versus standard pressure pneumo peritoneum during laparoscopic cholecystectomyRESULTS : The use of low pressure laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LPLC) as compared to standard pressure laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SPLC) significantly decreases the frequency and intensity of postoperative shoulder tip pain. LPLC decreases the demand for postoperative analgesics, decreases postoperative hospital stay and hence improves the quality of life in the early stage of postoperative rehabilitation. CONCLUSION: On the basis of these results, the widespread use of low pressure pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is recommended
A Comparative Study Of 0.5% Lignocaine Versus 0.5% Lignocaine with Dexmedetomidine for Intravenous Regional Anaesthesia for Upper Limb Surgeries
Full text linkBackground: Intravenous Regional Anaesthesia (IVRA), commonly referred to as Bier's block, is a widely used technique for upper limb surgeries. While lignocaine has been the standard local anesthetic for this procedure, recent studies suggest that the addition of adjuncts like dexmedetomidine may enhance the quality of anesthesia and improve postoperative analgesia. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of 0.5% lignocaine versus 0.5% lignocaine with dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing upper limb surgeries under IVRA. Objective: To compare the onset, quality of anesthesia, duration of sensory and motor blockade, and postoperative analgesia between two different anesthetic regimens: 0.5% lignocaine and 0.5% lignocaine with dexmedetomidine for intravenous regional anaesthesia in upper limb surgeries. Methods: In this study 60 patients 30 in each group undergoing elective upper limb surgeries were randomly assigned to receive either 0.5% lignocaine (Group L) or 0.5% lignocaine with 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine (Group LD) for IVRA. The onset time, duration of sensory and motor block, quality of anesthesia, and incidence of complications were recorded. Postoperative pain scores, the need for additional analgesia, and adverse events were also evaluated. Results: Patients in the dexmedetomidine group (Group LD) showed a significantly faster onset of anesthesia, longer duration of sensory and motor block, and better postoperative analgesia compared to the lignocaine-only group (Group L). The incidence of complications, including tourniquet pain, were comparable between the two groups, with no significant differences in adverse effects. Conclusion: The addition of dexmedetomidine to 0.5% lignocaine in intravenous regional anaesthesia for upper limb surgeries provides enhanced sensory and motor block characteristics, prolonged postoperative analgesia, and improved patient satisfaction without a significant increase in complications. Dexmedetomidine appears to be a useful adjunct in IVRA for upper limb surgeries, potentially improving the clinical outcomes and the overall quality of anesthesia
Plant steroidal alkaloid binds aromatase catalytic cleft: Sterioselective affinity modulating enzyme function an In Silico study
Full text linkAttentive on the impact of ubiquitously present plant molecules on mammalian cell is currently of interest. Specific endocrine deficiency with low testosterone and elevated estrogen causes impaired spermatogenesis. However, inhibition of aromatase enzyme catalytic activity in conversion of testosterone to estrogen is a significant adapting step in logical practice for male infertility therapy. Dietary plant molecules have significant tissue proteins modulatory potential in mammalian. Hence, the present study intends to investigate steroidal alkaloid against aromatase enzyme inhibition potential as drug targets. Molecular docking of tomatidine, tomatidenol and aromatase enzyme protein template was carried out using Auto Dock version 4.0. In Silico molecular docking study yielded binding metrics for tomatidine (-10.15 Kcal/mole) and tomatidenol (-10.01 Kcal/mole) with aromatase enzyme exhibits high docking score, as compared to testosterone (-9.85 Kcal/mole). Dietary plant steroidal alkaloid may potentially inhibit aromatase catalytic activity resulted to improve testosterone level in testicular tissue. In Vitro and In Vivo aromatase enzyme inhibition studies with plant steroidal alkaloid may provide a clear path for the identification and development of novel drug candidates against aromatase enzyme inhibition for male infertility that also provides evidence for the concept of reverse pharmacognosy
Clinico- Hematological Study of anaemia Among Adolescent Age Group of N.M.C.H, Jamuhar,Bihar
Full text linkBackground :Anaemia is a major global health problem especially in developing countries like India and is a widespread nutritional problem more commonly seen in women and children during their most crucial periods like during pregnancy and growth, and as the studies on school age children were very few, hence this study was taken. Objective:To study the clinico-hematological profile of anaemia in adolescent age group at tertiary care centre, NMCH, Jamuhar, Bihar. Methods:A retrospective study done in adolescent age group presenting with anaemia during the period from January 2023 to June 2023. A total of 250 cases were studied.Results:A total of 250 cases were studied of which the maximum incidence of anaemia was found in the female age group Pallor was the commonest clinical sign followed by weakness and fatigability. Anaemia was graded according to WHO criteria. The maximum cases were under Grade I category (severe: Hb->10gm/dl) i.e. mild anaemia.Among the morphological type, majority were Microcytic hypochromic anaemia (64 %), Normocytic hypochromic anaemia (36 %), Dimorphic anaemia (2%). Interpretation and conclusion: Complete haemogram evaluation was analyzed with Erba-360 analyzer (5 parts). Leishman stain, New Methylene blue, May Grunwald Giemsa were used for peripheral smear. The most common type of anaemia was Microcytic hypochromic anaemia. Majority of the cases were from rural area (75%) than urban (25%).The present study concludes that early diagnosis and management will help in better cognitive and motor development in childre
The Effect of Classical Music on Memory Retention and Emotional Dysregulation in Traffic Police
Full text linkMusic has a therapeutic effect on overcoming impaired cognitive dysfunction. This study aims to evaluate the effect of classical music on memory retention and its role in mitigating difficulties in emotion regulation among traffic police officers. A quasi-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted on the participants (N = 9). Paired samples t-test was conducted to determine the effect of classical music on memory retention and difficulties in emotional regulation of traffic police officers. The results show that classical music has a significant effect on memory retention, t(8) = 5.196, p < 0.001, d = 1.732, and on reducing difficulties in emotional regulation, t(8) = 8.013, p < 0.001, d = 2,671. The findings suggest that classical music can serve as an effective intervention in improving cognitive and emotional functions, particularly in high-stress occupations like traffic policing. It is recommended that organizations incorporate structured music therapy programs to enhance the mental well-being and cognitive performance of employees. Further research with larger samples and diverse occupational settings is needed to generalize these findings
Quality Indicators of Colonoscopy: A Study of 150 Patients
Full text linkBackground: Colonoscopy is the most effective method for detecting and preventing colorectal cancer (CRC). Its diagnosticsuccess is strongly tied to bowel preparation quality and performance metrics such as adenoma detection rate (ADR). Poorpreparation leads to missed lesions, prolonged procedures, and higher repeat-colonoscopy rates, making quality monitoringessential.Objectives: This study evaluated colonoscopy performance indicators specifically bowel-prep quality and ADR amongpatients undergoing screening, surveillance, and diagnostic colonoscopies. It also assessed how patient comorbidities, lesiondistribution, and histopathology influenced detection outcomes.Methods: A retrospective quality improvement (QI) review of 150 colonoscopies was performed at Mercy Fitzgerald Hospitalbetween January and April 2022. Data were extracted from endoscopy and pathology reports, including ASA classification, bowelpreparation quality, lesion characteristics, and recommended follow-up. Descriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS v27.Results: Most patients were ASA II or III, with a mean age of 61 years. An exceptional ADR of 88% was observed, far surpassingtypical organizational benchmarks (25–30%). Tubular adenomas were the most common finding. Good bowel preparationyielded the highest lesion-detection efficiency, while excellent prep improved visualization but did not significantly increasepolyp counts. Fair or poor prep was more frequent among patients with higher ASA classifications.Conclusion: While ADR was exceptionally high, bowel prep quality especially among medically complex patients remainsan area for targeted improvement. Enhanced preparation strategies, individualized regimens, and patient education couldimprove visualization, reduce missed lesions, and align performance with national guidelines
The Endotheliopathy of Sepsis: Vascular Dysfunction as a Therapeutic Target
Full text linkBackground- Sepsis is responsible for nearly one in five deaths worldwide, yet no targeted therapy has improved survival. Increasing evidence identifies the vascular endothelium as the organising principle of sepsis pathophysiology, integrating inflammation, coagulation, and metabolic failure into a single cascade of glycocalyx shedding, junctional disruption, coagulation imbalance, and immunothrombosis. Methods- These lesions underpin haemodynamic incoherence, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and the long-term sequelae of post-sepsis syndrome. Circulating and urinary biomarkers—including syndecan-1, angiopoietin-2, soluble thrombomodulin, and glycosaminoglycans—mirror the extent of endothelial injury and provide translational anchors, yet remain underused in clinical classification and trial design. Result- Most vascular-targeted therapies, such as albumin, antithrombin, recombinant thrombomodulin, vitamin C, and statins, have failed to improve outcomes, largely due to unselected enrolment, delayed intervention, and reliance on crude mortality endpoints. Emerging strategies, including Tie2 agonists, angiopoietin-2 antagonists, and glycocalyx protectants, show promise but require biomarker-guided, adaptive evaluation. Reframing sepsis as endothelial failure offers a unifying paradigm for risk stratification, trial enrichment, and therapeutic innovation. Conclusion- To reduce the global burden, future strategies must be endotype-specific, mechanistically informed, and feasible across both high- and low-resource health systems
The Postural changes in intraocular pressure in normal and glaucomatous eyes in Indian population
Full text linkIntroduction: Intraocular pressure (IOP) increases when changing from sitting to supine position flat without pillow with an average difference of 0.85 to 6.01mm of Hg. These postural changes of IOP have been found in normal persons, patients with ocular hypertension and normal tension glaucoma. The eye is relatively non-distensible, even small changes in the volume of aqueous humor may significantly change IOP. The increase in resistance in aqueous flow is thought to be the reason for higher IOP in supine compared to sitting position. The aim of this study is to analyze the Postural changes in intraocular pressure in normal and glaucomatous eyes of Indian population. Method: It was a prospective cross sectional study done in Armed Forces Medical College Pune, between June, 2022 to June, 2024 with sample sized of 60 people 30 controls (Normal) and 30 Primary open angle glaucoma). Patients underwent complete ocular examination. Two drops of Topical 2% propacaine were instilled. IOP measurements were taken by Parkin handheld tonometer in sitting and supine flat without pillow and supine with pillow positions at 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes interval respectively. Results: The IOP difference between the sitting and supine flat position was significantly higher in the POAG than non-glaucoma subjects (5.0667±0.09 vs 6.01±0.85 mm Hg, P<0.001). The IOP difference between the sitting and supine with pillow positions was 1.3667±0.14 mm Hg for POAG and 2.8±0.34 mm Hg in non-glaucoma (P<0.001), While difference between supine flat and supine with pillow positions was 3.7±0.23 mm Hg in POAG and 3.2±0.51 mm Hg in non-glaucomatous patients (P<0.001). Conclusions: The rise in IOP due to change of posture from sitting to supine positions was significantly higher in glaucomatous patients