International Journal of Health and Clinical Research
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Teaching Osteology: Does the Use of Digital Applications Help Students?
Get PDFBackground: Osteology is the study of bones where the student has to learn to identify the bone, it’s muscle attachments and important anatomical relations. Teaching-aids are used to enhance the understanding of a subject. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the use of digital tools, as a teaching aid, on the learning outcomes of students. Methodology: Students were divided into two groups; one group was taught using a mobile/laptop-based application along with the bone, while the other group was taught using only the bone. A pre-test and post-test questionnaire served as the study tool to analyse the learning outcomes of each class. A student satisfaction survey was conducted using a three-point Likert scale. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between the pre-test and post-test scores within each group indicating that there was a gain of knowledge irrespective of the teaching methodology the student was exposed to. This could mean that the use of digital applications for osteology maybe on par with teaching osteology using only the bone. 80% of the students responded that the use of the digital applications was favourable. Conclusion: It can thus, be concluded that the use of such technology in osteology classes may be beneficial to the student. This study shows that applications, which are usually considered to be a distraction to teaching and learning but are at the same time popular with today’s student community, can be used effectively in teaching concepts to the students
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of food safety among the residents of an urban slum- A cross-sectional study
Get PDFIntroduction: Food safety refers to limiting the presence of those hazards whether chronic or acute, that may make food injurious to the health of the consumer. Ensuring food safety is the responsibility of everyone involved with handling and preparation of food. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of food safety among the women inmates of the households located in an urban slum. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the women involved in food preparation in YSR colony, an urban slum located adjacent to a private medical college in Visakhapatnam with a sample size of 121. The data was collected by interviewing the study subject using a pre-designed, pretested questionnaire. Results: Only 35.5% of the women were having good knowledge of food safety. 54.5% of them were having favourable attitude towards food safety and 57% of them were having good practice of food safety. The Spearman’s rank correlation test showed positive correlation between scores of knowledge and scores of attitude of the women of food safety (r=.241 ; p= 0.008) and between scores of attitude and scores of practice of the women participants and their correlation was found to be statistically significant ( r=.826 ; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Most of the women residents’ knowledge, attitude and practices towards ‘WHO Five keys for Food safety’ is abysmally low and the gaps have to be plugged for promoting nutrition and ensuring a healthy society
Folie a deux – A case report
Get PDFIntroduction: Induced delusional disorder is characterized by the transfer of delusions from one person to another. Both persons are closely associated for a long time and typically live together in relative social isolation. A 30-year-old female was brought to the outpatient department by her daughter with history of suspiciousness that her father is trying to harm her and her mother by poisoning them. She was also explaining that her mother has disturbed sleep pattern, and irritability for the past 6 years and with increased severity for the past 2 years. Her past history regarding psychiatry, other medical conditions and psycho-active substance abuse were unremarkable. Her mother had symptoms of suspiciousness that her husband is trying to harm her for the last 18 years, talking high of self that she is goddess Laxmi for the past 10 years, irritability, fearful behavior that she might be killed by poisoning for the last 6 years. Before 6 years, the patient used to go to school and later to college and was not having any symptoms. Induced delusional disorder is a chronic and rare disorder and long term treatment may be required. Atypical antipsychotic olanzapine augmented with electroconvulsive therapy along with psychotherapy are shown to be effective
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in adhesive capsulitis of shoulder joint
Get PDFIntroduction: Adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder is an inflammatory process that causes progressive capsular retraction of the shoulder joint. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)is currently considered as the modality of choice for imaging shoulder disorders, but for high cost and limited availability. Ultrasound is a potential investigating modality to diagnose the condition. Methodology: A single centre observational study was conducted on 180 subjects from the out-patient department of the orthopedic department, KMCT medical college hospital, Kozhikode, with shoulder pain who were referred to the radiology department for MRI examination. Ultrasound findings in these subjects were compared with those of MRI. Conclusion: This study concludes that ultrasound is a reliable modality for diagnosing adhesive capsulitis of shoulder joints with a reasonable degree of sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive valurand positive predictive value. A high rate of visualization of coracohumeral ligament further reiterates the reliability of this parameter for diagnosing adhesive capsulitis
Study of storage induced Morphological and functional changes in Platelet concentrate at 22°c-24°c for 5 days
Get PDFBackground and objective: Platelets are routinely isolated from whole blood and stored in plasma for 5 days. The platelets undergo various storage changes which include biochemical, structural and functional changes that occur during platelet storage under blood bank conditions. Study aimed to assess the quality of platelets in platelet concentrate and to evaluate the effects of storage on platelets in platelet concentrate. Material and methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, GMERS Medical College, Gandhinagar. The samples were collected from platelet concentrate bags under sterile conditions. Total 54 platelet samples were assessed using the quality parameters such as swirling, platelet count, WBC count, MPV, PDW and pH on day 0 and day 4 of storage. Result: A total of 54 samples were evaluated and of these 95% have fulfilled all 6 parameters of quality control. Thus in our study majority of the prepared units were of the desired quality. All the parameters were assessed and the results obtained on both the units were well above the values of recommended norms. Conclusion: The quality of platelet concentrates were well maintained within the usual 5 days storage under 22°C to 25° C thus an extension of platelet storage time is recommended
Role of chest computed tomography and chest x-rays in covid-19 patients and correlation with clinical and laboratory findings
Get PDFPresent study is an observational retrospective, cross sectional study based upon 200 hospitalized patients in Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the performance of chest CT and X-Rays in the diagnosis and severity of Covid-19, to assess the different findings in chest CT and X-Rays, calculate the CT severity scores and evaluate the common and uncommon findings on CT. Our objective was to correlate the CT score (mild, moderate and severe) with laboratory parameters (especially RT-PCR, CRP,D-dimer,IL-6,Serum Ferritin) and clinical severity of disease. We wanted to compare the sensitivity of HRCT chest and RT-PCR in diagnosing Covid-19 infections. HRCT chest findings were positive in all patients with GGO, consolidation, crazy paving, thickened interlobular septa the most common findings. X-Ray chest was positive in 50% with mild disease and 70%patients with progressive disease with GGO being the commonest finding. The laboratory parameters including CRP,D-dimer,IL-6,S.Ferritin) showed significant increase with increasing CT scores and clinical worsening. Main clinical presentation was dry cough, sore throat,dyspnea&fever. Literature supported our findings in majority of cases
Role play as a teaching-learning method for communication skills in prescribing medication
Get PDFObjectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate role-playing as a teaching-learning method for communication skills in prescribing medication and to analyse the student's responsiveness to the role-play. Materials and Methods: The Pharmacology Department conducted a questionnaire-based observational study for three months in the academic year 2020–2021. Peer-role-play exercises on medication communication were invited for students in the second professional MBBS 4th semester (n = 150). Statistical Analysis: The data was imported into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analysed with SPSS 22. Frequencies and proportions were used to display categorical data. Results: The concept of role-playing was highly received, and it was thought to be an excellent way to learn how to communicate about medications. Many pupils appreciated the organised evaluation from peers and teachers. More than 90% of the students said they were very comfortable presenting therapy information, such as drug names, purposes, mechanisms, dose information, and precautions. The majority said they remembered pharmacological topics better and would like to see more of them. Peer-role-playing is regarded by the vast majority of pupils as an essential strategy for developing successful drug-therapy communication skills. Role-play sessions are justified in the undergraduate medical curriculum because they provide possibilities for experiential learning and because they are easy to execute. It is necessary to investigate peer-role play as a way of teaching undergraduate pharmacology students' medication-communication skills. Students' perceptions of the sessions' positive effects on their ability to acquire communication skills may influence future teaching methods in this area
Treatment options for recurrent rhinoorbital cerebral mucormycosis – A study on 50 cases
Get PDFBackground: Mucormycosis also called as zygomycosis infection caused by infection with fungi belonging to the order of mucorales. Infection itself is life threatening and in recurrence it is more worse prognosis, risk factors for ROMM are diabetes mellitus, pancytopenia, immune compramised individuals .At present scenario recurrence of ROMM is due to lack of awareness in using treatment available for ROMM and also resistant nature of fungi. Aim: To know the various treatment modalities available for recurrent ROMM (medical,surgical), to see the most curable treatment option to avoid repeated recurrence ,to see the commonest presenting symptoms and signs of ROMM. Materials and methods: 50 cases of previously treated ROMM cases (medical or surgical) were taken into study with symptoms of recurrent ROMM sent for radiological and dental examination according to the need came to one treatment conclusion and patients were hospitalized and treated accordingly with various treatment options as per patient need .Patients attending to Gandhi hospital ENT OPD after completion of Covid 2nd wave over a period of 4 months consequently taken for study’. Observations and results: It is a hospital based study conducted in Gandhi hospital, ENT department, sample size is 50, most common cause for recurrence is diabetes and immune compramised status, resistant nature of fungi to multimodality of treatment, as per this study most common treatment option is medical (oral posaconazole, inj. Liposomal amphotericin B), antifungals, most curable treatment option for recurrence is surgical(FESS with maxillectomy, debridmant). Conclusion: Study conducted over a period of 4 months in patients with recurrent ROMM symptoms, out of 50 sample >50% were previously surgically treated during the 2nd wave of covid 19(black fungus period) conclusions are male predominance,diabetics,40-60 age ,necrotic bone and pus discharge ,loose tooth are presenting complaints, radiologically positive, common treatment option is medical oral posaconazole, surgical FESS with maxillectomy, Debridment, Plain FESS
Bile spillage during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Risk factors and increased post-operative morbidity
Get PDFIntroduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the “gold standard” for the management of symptomatic cholelithiasis. Bile spillage is common due to perforation during dissection of the gallbladder bed, injury during retraction with grasping forceps and during specimen retrieval. We evaluated the risk factors and presumed that bile spillage increases the risk of immediate post-operative morbidity. Method: 60 Patients of symptomatic cholelithiasis admitted to JNMCH, Aligarh for laparoscopic cholecystectomy from 04/2021 to 09/2021, were prospectively included. We compared those who had bile spillage during the operation to those who did not. Our aim was to find out the risks of bile spillage and rate of early post operative complication due to bile spillage in both the groups. Results: Bile was spilled intraoperatively in 36 patients (60.0%), with hydrops noted in 5 (8.3%) and empyema in 10 (16.6%) of them. In 9 (15%) out of 60 patients, BS was accompanied by stone spillage. Patients with BS were older and were more frequently male. Conversion to open was more likely in operations with BS (14% vs 4%). Bile spillage was associated with a higher risk of postoperative abdominal pain, tenderness, paralytic ileus and SSI rate (8 % vs 2%, p = 0.001) and longer hospital stay (median of 3 vs 2 days, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Bile spillage should be anticipated in presence of risk factors and is associated with increased risk of post operative morbidity. Surgeons should try to avoid it during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
A prospective study of histopathological spectrum of benign breast lesions in a tertiary hospital
Get PDFIntroduction: In India, the second most common malignancy after cervical carcinoma is carcinoma breast1 and is seen in 20/1,00,000 women[1]. Lesions of the breast are diverse including several entities with remarkably diverse characteristic feature extending from inflammatory non-neoplastic and benign lesions to life threatening invasive carcinomas. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of Pathology, Tagore Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India over a period of 1 year February 2020 to January 2021. Total 220 benign breast lesion were studied during the period. Core needle biopsy, excision biopsy, lumpectomy, modified radical mastectomy specimens were examined. Sections were processed, embedded for paraffin sectioning, stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain and detailed microscopic examination was done. The demographic characteristics of patients were presented in excel sheet and analyzed for the frequency of each lesion and their distribution in various age group. Results: This included 215 females and 05 males. Out of these 220 breast lesions, 40 were malignant cases and 180 were benign breast lesions. These 180 benign breast lesions including inflammatory lesions, benign proliferative lesions and benign tumors (Table1). Out of 220 cases, 215 were females and 05 were males. Conclusion: Benign breast lesions are common than malignant neoplasms. Fibro adenoma is the commonest benign breast lesion. Our study had given the information which was comparable with other studies. Histopathological study of breast lesions play very important role in diagnosis of lesion and hence in treatment and prognosis