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Identity Development of Foreign Language Teachers in Lithuania
No full textTeacher identity is an evolving, multi-dimensional concept of a teacher’s understanding of self, best understood as a dynamic narrative of self-growth. The present study is focused on hypothesized stages of teacher identity development (Pride, Survival, Experimentation, Disenchantment, Rebellion and Progressive Proficiency) and their occurrence in Lithuanian foreign language teachers. A series of semi-structured interviews were carried out with eight Lithuanian foreign language teachers to discover their personal narratives of teacher identity development.The findings of the qualitative case study research revealed that key features of the six possible identity stages were present across the unique experiences of theforeign language teachers interviewed. However, each research participant displayed only certain key features of each identity development stage rather than a combination of all the possible features. In general, less experienced teachers displayed fewer key features at certain identity stages, implying that they had not experienced particular phases of identity development to completion. The results suggest certain features of identity development stages can be omitted and then experienced later in a teacher’s career. Teacher satisfaction with compensation, job security, professional prestige and the education system in general were additional factors that contributed uniquely to the identity development of teachers working in Lithuania
Специфика нарративной структуры романа Л. Юзефовича «Журавли и карлики»
No full textThe paper is devoted to the features of the narrative form of Leonid Yuzefovich’s novel “Cranes and dwarfs”. The authors of the paper focuses on the lexical and grammatical tools that allowed the author of the novel to introduce different types of a narrator into the text.Examples illustrating that in the text of the novel under analysis the speaker and the beholder do not always match: 641 examples were related to varieties of free indirect speech. The following types of the free indirect speech constructions were analysed: when the subject of speech and the subject of consciousness differ in such cases: 1) indication of the spatial or temporal localization of the character; 2) an indication of the physical or intellectual perception of the situation (or object, or natural phenomena); 3) broadcast of the character\u27s thoughts; 4) description of the character\u27s emotions; 5) nomination of relatives and body parts of the character.As well as a list of lexical-grammatical markers of the modernist narrative form of the novel "Cranes and dwarfs" are provided in the report.Исследование показало, что свободный косвенный дискурс использовался в романе Леонида Юзефовича «Журавли и карлики»для передачи точки зрения речи и повествования от лица всех трех главных героев романа (Жохова, Шубина и Анкудинова), доминировала при этом точка зрения Жохова. В статье обсуждаются обнаруженные нами в тексте романа «Журавли и карлики» виды конструирования свободного косвенного дискурса. А именно:несовпадение субъекта речи и субъекта сознания в указании пространственной или временной локализации персонажа; вплетение в голос субъекта речи голоса персонажа посредством указания на восприятие (физическое или интеллектуальное) ситуации, или объекта, или природных явлений персонажем; передача в рамках речевого акта повествователя мыслей и субъективного восприятия действительности персонажем; передача в рамках речевого акта повествователя внутреннего состояния и эмоциональных переживаний персонажа; соединение голосов повествователя и персонажа способом называния родственных связей и частей тела персонажа.В статье также приводится список речевых маркеров, свидетельствующих о совмещении точек зрения автора и персонажа в рамках одного речевого акта.
Vokiečio vaizdinys publicistikoje
No full textThe aim of this article was to analyse the reflection of the image of the German in the examples from the current literature and the media present in the Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language of the Vytautas Magnus University. The focus of the study went beyond the collocations with this word and the disclosure of the characteristic traits of Germans all the way to the meaning bestowed upon this word by the broader context – the sentence or a group of them. Examples containing all forms of the lexeme German were examined. A total of six different contexts in which Germans are mentioned were identified: these were the contexts of history, cooperation, sports, culture, characteristic traits, and science.
In the context of history, Germans are usually referred to as a belligerent nation, assailants, savage conquerors, invaders. The attitude towards them is negative as often as not. Things are different in the context of cooperation, where the attitude is positive and Germans are seen as friendly partners. In the contexts of sports, culture, and science, the story is more or less the same, with Germans regarded with respect as meritorious and high-ranking representatives of their field.The context of the characteristic traits of Germans has the highest degree of controversy and stereotype. Some data show that Germans, according to the popular belief, are neat, rational, organised, punctual, disciplined, hard-working, cultured, law-abiding; they are rather cold and reserved. Other examples, albeit much smaller in number, bear witness to quite the opposite: that Germans are neither punctual nor overly neat or cultured; some sources even say that they are friendly, merry, and approachable. Besides, this nature loves to travel.Šio straipsnio tikslas buvo išanalizuoti, koks vokiečio vaizdinys atsispindi Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos tekstyno, publicistikos tekstų pavyzdžiuose. Tyrime dėmesys buvo skiriamas ne tik kolokacijoms su šiuo žodžiu irne tik vokiečių charakterio bruožų atskleidimui, bet ir reikšmei, kurią žodžiui suteikia platesnis kontekstas, t.y., sakinys ar net keli. Nagrinėti pavyzdžiai su visomis leksemos vokietis formomis. Buvo išskirti 6 pagrindiniai kontekstai, kuriuose minimi vokiečiai: istorijos, bendradarbiavimo, sporto, kultūros, charakterio bruožų, mokslo.
Istorijos kontekste apie vokiečius dažniausiai kalbama kaip apie karingą tautą, užpuolikus, žiaurius užkariautojus, okupantus. Požiūris į juos dažniausiai neigiamas. Bendradarbiavimo kontekste – priešingai, požiūris teigiamas, vokiečiai jame išryškėja kaip draugiški partneriai. Sporto, kultūros, mokslo kontekstuose vokiečiai vertinami panašiai – į juos žiūrima pagarbiai, kaip į daug nusipelniusius, pasiekusius savo sričių aukštumų.Vokiečių charakterio bruožų kontekstas yra pats kontraversiškiausias, jis labiausiai susijęs su stereotipizavimu. Vieni duomenys rodo, kad vokiečiai, kaip ir priimta manyti, yra tvarkingi, racionalūs, organizuoti, punktualūs, darbštūs, drausmingi, kultūringi, laikosi įstatymų; jie gana šalti, užsidarę. Kiti pavyzdžiai, kurių yra daug mažiau, liudija visai priešingus dalykus – vokiečiai nėra nei punktualūs, nei perdėtai tvarkingi ar kultūringi; netgi teigiama, kad jie yra draugiški, linksmi, atviro būdo. Be to, tai labai mėgstanti keliauti tauta
Saussure, miraculeusement retrouvé / Saussure, miraculously rediscovered
No full textLoïc DEPECKER, Saussure tel qu\u27en lui-même. D\u27après les manuscrits, Paris, Éditions Champion, 2020, 264 p
Les termes du commerce dans les dictionnaires bilingues et plurilingues
No full textIn this article, we analyze a corpus made up of two general French-Italian and Italian-French bilingual dictionaries and two multilingual dictionaries. We take into account, in particular, the macrostructure, the microstructure, the technical terminology and the phraseology of these dictionaries. Using a magnifying glass metaphorically, we focus on the treatment of the specialty language of commerce within the articles of the general bilingual dictionaries. With regard to plurilingual dictionaries, we try to show the lexicographical choices dictated by a requirement of extreme synthesis; the size of a dictionary, especially for schools, influences not only the convenience of consultation but also the price. The prodromes of the first business specialty language dictionaries represent an interesting corpus for understanding the first steps taken by lexicographers who decided to include specialty terminology in general bilingual dictionaries or to write multilingual business dictionaries.Dans cet article, nous analysons un corpus composé de deux dictionnaires bilingues français-italien et italien-français générauxet deux dictionnaires plurilingues. Nous prenons en compte, en particulier, la macrostructure, la microstructure, la terminologie technique et la phraséologie de ces dictionnaires. Nous nous concentrons donc sur le traitement de la langue de spécialité du commerce au sein des articles des dictionnaires bilingues généraux. En ce qui concerne les dictionnaires plurilingues, nous cherchons à montrer les choix lexicographiques dictés par une exigence de synthèse extrême ; la dimension d’un dictionnaire, surtout scolaire, influe non seulement sur la praticité de la consultation mais aussi sur le prix. L’exigence d’un dictionnaire de spécialité est bien présente dans les écoles, les enseignants de français le réclament à chaque congrès international pour l’enseignement technique, industriel et commercial, mais économiquement et conceptuellement ces publications sont retardées le plus possible. Les dictionnaires analysés comblent en partie cette absence jusqu’à l’arrivée des premiers dictionnaires bilingues de commerce
Interpreter Training in the Republic of Ireland: An Overview
No full text Although the Republic of Ireland is a bilingual country,this study illustrates that there are comparatively few domestic training options available for interpreters of spoken languages. In providing an overview of the present state of affairs, this article contextualises the current linguistic situation both within the country and at the European level. Attention is paid to the recognition of Irish as an official language of the European Union (EU), as well as tothe corresponding implications for interpreter training. In addition, the domestic situation regarding community interpreters is also outlined, with the lack of official regulation of the interpreting profession also noted. Subsequently, the options for interpreter training in tertiary education are outlined, both at the undergraduate and the postgraduate level. In addition, relevant information regarding the structure and content of the modules and courses is provided. To conclude, some thoughts regarding potential developments of interpreter training in the Irish context are outlined
A Pilot Study of Four Phonetic Changes in General British
No full textThe pilot study reports on the prevalence of four phonetic changes (yod coalescence, yod dropping, /ʒ/ versus /ʤ/ in loan words, and GOAT allophony) in General British. The study consists of two stages to address the question from different perspectives: native speakers’ preferences and documentation of the changes in current pronouncing dictionaries.Sixty words likely to undergo one of the changes are chosen for the analysis. The survey is based on the framework by Wells (1998). Though the descriptive study resultsreveal a high degree of the respondents’ preference for ‘modern’ pronunciation, it varies across categories. The comparative analysis of the manifestation of the changes in the Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (2008), the Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (2011), and the Current British English Searchable Transcriptions (N/A) indicate their gradual way into the ‘standard’ language
Phraseme und problemorientierter Unterricht
No full textStudies as Jazbec & Enčeva (2012), Jazbec &Kacjan (2013) and Miletić (2018) show that although the didactic of phrasemes (Fleischer 1982, Lüger 1997, Hessky& Ettinger 1997) is pleading for a relevant, systematic, continuous and frequent use of phrasemes in German as a foreign language class, they appear predominantly at high levels of foreign language learning, only sporadically and often from the perspective of language comparison. The analysis of schoolbooks shows the presence of phrasemes which are often not appropriately didacticized and regarding data banks and vocabulary not always up-to date. In some recent studies (e.g. Hallsteinsdóttir 2016, Miletić 2018) we can find suggestions and models for the integration of phrasemes in German as a foreign language class, some with incorporation of multimodality. In this article we would like to consider the possibilities for the sensitization and receptive / productive acquisition of phrasemes as offered by the integration of a problem oriented approach in German as a foreign language class. We assume that the problem oriented approach is motivating and benefits transdisciplinary learning. The subject of this paper will be discussed based on some samples of different problem types (metalinguistic, intercultural and so-called non-linguistic problems). The so-called non-linguistic problems seem to be most appropriate because their concept is interdisciplinary, they foster motivation and in this type of problems phrasemes are not explicitly discussed, but appear in non-linguistic contexts to accomplish different non-linguistic goals, without neglecting the accomplishment of linguistic goals. As with the other types of problems, the non-linguistic problems should be adapted to the age of students and their cognitive development. Provided this criterion is fulfilled, the phrasemes appropriate to students’ age and cognitive development can also be included.Neuere Studien zeigen, dass obwohl die Phraseodidaktik für einen relevanten, kontinuierlichen und frequenten Einsatz von Phrasemen im DaF-Unterricht plädiert, diese vorwiegend auf fortgeschrittenen Stufen, sporadisch und häufig aus der Perspektive der Sprachvergleiche eingesetzt werden. In Lehrwerken werden Phraseme oft nicht entsprechend didaktisiert und sind dabei bezüglich der Datenbanken und Lexika nicht immer aktuell. In diesem Artikel stellen wir uns die Frage, welche Möglichkeiten für die Sensibilisierung und für den rezeptiven und produktiven Erwerb von Phrasemen die Einbeziehung des problemorientierten Ansatzes im DaF-Unterricht bietet. Der problemorientierte Ansatz wirkt motivierend und begünstigt fächerübergreifendes Lernen. Das wird im Beitrag anhand exemplarischer Beispiele verschiedener Typen von Problemen (metasprachliche, interkulturelle und nichtsprachliche Probleme) diskutiert. Die sogenannten nichtsprachlichen Probleme scheinen am günstigsten zu sein, weil sie interdisziplinär sind und zugleich auch die Motivation fördern. Phraseme werden in solchen Problemen nicht explizit thematisiert, sondern kommen in nichtsprachlichen Kontexten vor, um verschiedene nichtsprachliche Ziele zu realisieren, wobei auch die sprachlichen Ziele erreicht werden. Wie die anderen zwei Typen von Problemen sollten auch die nichtsprachlichen Probleme dem Alter und der kognitiven Entwicklung der Lernenden angepasst werden
Diary as a Means for a Student to Discover a Country
No full textThis paper aims to present a diary as a multifaceted means for incoming international students to become familiar with the host country (in this case, Lithuania), discover it through the ways of immersion and exploration, and reflect upon it on the diary pages. Every year the course of ‘Intercultural Communication’ taught at the Institute of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Philology, Vilnius University, welcomes a large number of incoming students from different parts of the world. Further to the subject syllabus, these students are given a special research task: to delve into the context of the host country, focus on a number of socio-cultural aspects, compare and contrast them to the similar ones in their native countries and reflect upon them in their diaries. The paper provides an overview of the accumulated empirical evidence on the attitudinal discoveries of 84 students representing 21 countries. The employed Interpretive content analysis proved to be a flexible and helpful research method to reveal the informants\u27 existing cultural capital (Bourdieu 1994), to follow the flow of their interpretations consequently leading to the shifts in their attitudes, and thus, contribute to the development of the students\u27 intercultural communicative competence. This paper sheds light on the informants’ attitudes towards Lithuania as the destination country for their Erasmus+ exchange, as well as their impressions of the academic environment of Vilnius University
Nouveau dictionnaire lituanien-français
No full textDanguolė MELNIKIENĖ. Dictionnaire lituanien-français. Lietuvių-prancūzų kalbų žodynas. Collection Vertige de la langue, Paris, Hermann Éditions, 2020, 1200 p