Verbum
Not a member yet
216 research outputs found
Sort by
Emploi et traduction des unités phraséologiques en lituanien dans « La vie devant soi » de Romain Gary
No full textLe but de cet article est d’analyser une répartition des unités phraséologiques et les stratégies de leur traduction dans le roman « La vie devant soi » de Romain Gary et répondre aux questions suivantes : Quelles unités phraséologiques sont utilisées dans le roman et comment transmettent-ils des idées de l’auteur ? Quelles stratégies de la traduction des unités phraséologiques étaient utilisées par la traductrice Jūratė Navakauskienė et pourquoi ces stratégies ont été choisies ? Lors de l’analyse de l’emploi des unités phraséologiques dans le roman, parmi les groupes prédominants nous avons identifié ceux des unités phraséologiques qui représentaient les phénomènes du monde intérieur de l’homme, des relations entre les gens et la vie sociale. Notre analyse de la traduction nous permet de constater les stratégies les plus fréquentes celles de la traduction par paraphrase, par les équivalents et par le synonyme phraséologique. Dans notre recherche, nous parlons également du style de Romain Gary et de l’importance de l’emploi des unités phraséologiques dans son roman. Les résultats de notre recherche nous permettent d’affirmer que la traductrice maîtrisait bien les connaissances linguistiques et extralinguistiques dans les contextes donnés, et a effectué le choix créatif des stratégies de la traduction
К вопросу о речевой агрессии и инвективах в современных антилиберальных новых медиа
No full textThe article explores the use of verbal aggression by anti-liberal “new media”. This source material was selected following the infamous Financial Times interview with Vladimir Putin, where he proclaimed that liberalism had become obsolete. The study explores the purpose, objects, and means of expressing verbal aggression. This study highlights the main ways in which a holistic trend of political philosophy comes under a sustained attack.
The research establishes that lexemes without a default negative connotation, rather than pejorative invectives, are the primary means of expressing aggression. The study further maintains the existence of certain verbal aggression discourse algorithm whereby the use of one potentially aggressive lexeme automatically triggers the use of another lexeme. The analysis shows that anti-liberal discourse is intertwined with antisemitism, homophobia, and negative sentiment towards the internet.
Anti-liberal environment is not limited to pro-government sentiment – occasionally the head of state alsocomes under its critique and its standard allegations. The source of verbal aggression is particularly crucial in the “new media” era: verbal aggression can originate both in governmental institutions and the demassified field. The origin of verbal aggression will further determine its consequences, ranging from impacting the fate of the object of verbal aggression to uniting the supporters sharing the sentiment behind the verbal aggression and/or pro-government opinion. Here neutral lexemes without a default negative connotation take on the function of the means of verbal aggression. This way neutral words such as liberal, Jew, gay become pejorative invectives. These words now carry a high potential for expressing aggression when used in conjunction with other words and phrases.В статье рассматривается речевая агрессия в антилиберальных «новых медиа». Материал избран как актуальный на данном этапе в связи с провозглашенным В. Путиным крахом мировой либеральной идеи. В статье рассмотрены цели речевой агрессии, ее объекты и средства выражения. Выделены основные постоянно реализующиеся обвинения в адрес целостного направления общественной мысли. Показано, что средством реализации агрессивного потенциала являются не инвективы бранного характера, а лексемы, не имеющие негативной окраски в своих словарных определениях. Можно говорить об определенном алгоритме создания дискурса речевой агрессии, когда одна лексема с агрессивным потенциалом, появляющимся в данном дискурсе, автоматически влечет за собой появление другой лексемы. Анализ показал, что антилиберальный дискурс отличается кроме антилиберализма, антисемитизмом, гомофобией и отрицательным отношением к интернету. Антилиберальная среда не всегда оказывается провластной – объектом ее критики становится и глава государства, которому приписываются стандартные обвинения
L’enseignement des expressions figées par le biais du roman graphique Persépolis
No full textThe constant search for suitable teaching materials to achieve the linguistic skills provided by a language teaching course, finds in authentic documents an important instrument for teaching foreign languages. The scientific literature attesting to the effectiveness of the authentic material is wide and consolidated; indeed, a text conceived by a native for a native, and, therefore, not developed for the sole purpose of teaching a foreign language, is intrinsically carrying a cultural richness and a linguistic variety, which are rarely present in any didactic artifact. The authentic material therefore represents an opportunity to meet the fixed expressions that are part of the communicative potential of a language; their teaching is not always taken into account, or is considered, at most, as a positive side effect of the natural process of linguistic acquisition. A communicative act for it to be effective must be able to be understood by the interlocutor ; it is therefore necessary to ensure not only grammatical accuracy and correct pronunciation, but also the understanding and use of frozen sequences. The graphic novel can offer the opportunity to benefit from an authentic language rich in idiomatic expressions, because the effectiveness of dialogues is a transposition of the language spoken in everyday life and familiar expressions. The article aims to show the didactic advantages of a graphic novel in the teaching of the French language. We explain the importance of the text-image relationship and the potential of the verbal language of the graphic novel, and we talk about the need to learn frozen expressions for a good command of the language and the distinctive aspects specific to comics that contribute to their understanding and learning; we show, finally, how the adoption, within the framework of a contrastive analysis of the language, of the graphic novel Persépolis by Marjane Satrapi could help the students to understand more easily the fixed expressions L’article se propose de montrer les avantages didactiques d’un roman graphique dans l’enseignement de la langue française. Nous explicitons l’importance du rapport texte-image et le potentiel du langage verbal du roman graphique, et nous parlons de la nécessité de l’apprentissage des expressions figées pour une bonne maîtrise de la langue et des aspects marquants propres de la bande dessinée qui contribuent à leur compréhension et leur apprentissage ; nous montrons, enfin, comment l’adoption, dans le cadre d’une analyse contrastive de la langue, du roman graphique Persépolis de Marjane Satrapi a pu aider les étudiants à comprendre plus aisément les expressions figées
"Modern Hellenism": the pragmatem
No full textXavier BLANCO, Salah MEJRI, Les pragmatèmes. Préface d’Alain Rey, Paris, Classiques Garnier, 2018, 214 p
A Pedagogical Perspective on the Definite and the Indefinite Article in the Romanian Language. Challenges for Foreign Learners
No full textAll Romance languages have developed the definite and the indefinite article via the Vulgar Latin (Classical Latin did not use articles), the language of the Roman colonists. According to Joseph H. Greenberg (1978), the definite article predated the indefinite one by approximately two centuries, being developed from demonstratives through a complex process of grammaticalization. Many areas of nowadays` Romania were incorporated into the Roman Empire for about 170 years. After two military campaign, the Roman emperor Trajan conquered Dacia, east of Danube.The Romans imposed their own administration and inforced Latin as lingua franca.The language of the colonists, mixed with the native language and, later on, with various languages spoken by the many migrant populations that followed the Roman retreat resulted in a new language (Romanian), of Latin origins. The Romanian language, attested in the 16th Century, in documents written by foreign travellers, uses four different types of articles. Being a highly inflected language, Romanian changes the form of the articles according to the gender, the number and the case of the noun As compared to the other Romance languages, Romanian uses the definite article enclitically. Thus, the definite article and the noun constitute a single word. The present paper aims at discussing, analysing and providing an overview of the use of definite and indefinite articles. The general norm and its various exceptions are examined from a broader perspective, synchronically and diachronically. The pedagogical perspective is meant to offer a comprehensible synthesis to foreign learners
The Equivalents of the Verbs of Activity in the Spanish Translation of “Metai” (“The Seasons”) by Kristijonas Donelaitis
No full textThe equivalence of translation has become a concern for many Lithuanian researchers. The term equivalence is described in the monograph “Contrastive Semantics” (2007) by AloyzasGudavičius. LionginasPažūsis (2014) discusses problems that arise from the lack of equivalence at word level. There are many articles on approaches or strategies of equivalence (D. Masaitienė 1996; A. Leonavičienė 2010; L. Černiuvienė 2013). Some scholars choose to examine the strategies applied in the translation of some linguistic items in novels (V. Končius& A. Nausėda 2006; C. Caro Dugo 2010, 2014, 2015, 2016; A. Cerri; I. Janavičienė 2016). However, there is a lack of research that analyses the Spanish translation of the poem “Metai” or a particular linguistic aspect of this Spanish text. Recent years saw several attempts to fill this gap(C. Caro Dugo 2014, 2015, 2016; A. Cerri 2015). The current research aims to examine the equivalents of the verbs of activity (VAs) in the Spanish translation of the poem. The paper focuses only on those VAs that express actions performed by persons. The VAs which denote actions performed by other living beings or forces of nature were excluded. The research covers 52 verses with verbs of activity, selected from the poem, and their equivalents in the translation into Spanish, which are subjected to qualitative content analysis and means ofcomparative methodology. 52 constructions that express the concepts of Work, Damaging, Speakon topic, Motion, Ingestion and Entertainment were selected applying the qualitative content analysis. The Spanish equivalents of these constructions are examined through the comparative methodology. The obtained results indicated that the translator is faithful to the original text. In order to preserve the expressiveness of the poem, the Spanish translation uses an abundance of verbal lexemes. It was noticed that the equivalents of the same meaning or verbs with a more general meaning specified by an additional lexeme or construction were the main strategies adopted in VA translation into Spanish. In one case only was a Lithuanian verb changed into a Spanish noun. Idioms and figurative words were also chosen as a VA translation strategy in several instances. Nonetheless, all of these lexemes, as derivative of verbs or verbal forms, preserve the verbal nature.This workshould be useful tothe semanticists and translators
Enciklopedinės žinios dvikalbiuose žodynuose: geografijos sritis
No full textWhen preparing a dictionary it is impossible to ignore outside world or so called encyclopedic knowledge. In megastructure level of a bilingual dictionary, various appendices are often addede.g. toponyms, anthroponyms, and ethnonyms. Arranged before or after the corpus, these appendices are most commonly used for grammatical descriptions as well as toponyms (hydronyms and oikonims) and lists of commonly used abbreviations. At the macrostructure and microstructure level, the presentation of encyclopedic knowledge is even more evident: the nomenclature of the modern linguistic monolingual or bilingual dictionary includes a number of lexis related to a particular cognitive domain (ethnography, history, mythology, geography, economics, etc.); therefore, a lot of different encyclopedic information is provided in order to explain it. Recently, many European lexicographers have been discussing the need to avoid any appendices to the vocabulary and to instead incorporate the information contained into the text of lexicographic publication wherever possible. Researchers base this view on the fact that each additional source of information in the dictionary requires further time and energy from the user looking for the lexical unit they want. The user may also be unfamiliar or insufficiently familiar with the dictionary structure and simply be unaware that additional information can be found elsewhere rather than in the dictionary text itself. Thus, the goal of this study is to examine, based on the analytical and descriptive method, four dictionaries published in Lithuania (The Great Lithuanian-English Dictionary (2006), Lithuanian-Russian Dictionary (2015), The Great Lithuanian-French Dictionary (2012) and Lithuanian-Norwegian Dictionary (2001))in terms of geographical knowledge presentation: evaluate the presentation of this knowledge at megastructure, macrostructure and microstructure levels.Dažno dvikalbio žodyno megastruktūros lygmenyje pateĩkiama priedų, skirtų vienõs ar abiejų gretinamų kalbų gramatikos aprašams, toponimams ir dažniausiai vartojamiems sutrumpinimams. Makrostruktūros ir mikrostruktūros lygmenyse įtráukiama nemažai su tam tikra pažintine sritimi susijusios leksikos (etnografijos, istorijos, geografijosir t. t.), tad siekiant ją paaiškinti pateĩkiama nemažai įvairios enciklopedinės informacijos. Pastaruoju metu Europos leksikografai diskutuoja apie tai, kad žodynuose iš viso derėtų vengti priedų, o juose esančią informaciją pagal galimybes įtraukti į patį leksikografinio leidinio tekstą. Tokia nuostata grindžiama tuo, jog kiekvienas papildomos informacijos šaltinis žodyne pareikalauja iš naudotojo papildomų laiko ir energijos sąnaudų. Kita vertus, naudotojas gali būti nesusipažinęs arba per mažai susipažinęs su žodyno struktūra ir nežinoti, jog papildomą informaciją galima susirasti ne žodyno tekste, o prieduose. Šio straipsnio tikslas, remiantis analitiniu ir aprašomuoju metodu, panagrinėti keturis žodynus: B. Piesarsko Didįjį lietuvių–anglų kalbų žodyną (2006), A. Lyberio Lietuvių–rusų kalbų žodyną (2015), D. Melnikienės Didįjį lietuvių-prancūzų kalbų žodyną (2012) ir E. Jakaitienės bei E. Berg-Olsen Lietuvių-norvegų kalbų žodyną (2016) geografinių žinių pateikimo aspektu: įvertinti šių žinių pateikimą visuose struktūriniuose lygmenyse: viso leidinio (megastruktūroje), korpuso (makrostruktūroje) ir straipsnio (mikrostruktūroje)
LES FRANCISMES DANS LES DICTIONNAIRES QUÉBÉCOIS
Get PDFLe but de cet article était d’analyser les francismes, relevés dans cinq dictionnaires du français québécois et d’évaluer leur rôle informatif pour les locuteurs du français standard et ceux du français québécois. Le québécisme est un fait de la langue française, propre à sa variété régionale, parlée par les communautés francophones canadiennes au Québec. Elle se distingue du français standard par ses caractéristiques particulières au niveau phonétique, lexical et syntaxique. Le québécisme existe en opposition avec le francisme et le français de France en général. Le francisme (aussi appelé l’hexagonisme) est un fait de la langue française qui comporte les mots d’usage typique du français standard ou autrement, utilisé sur le territoire du Canada. La recherche effectuée nous a permis de constater que le rôle de francisme dans les dictionnaires québécois est celui d’un connecteur ou d’une clé particuliers. En tant qu’un élément du dictionnaire, il peut fournir l’information sur le dictionnaire lui-même, sur son auteur, mais aussi sur les ressources linguistiques utilisées, reflétant l’état de la langue et de ses variantes régionales. Malheureusement, il n’est pas encore défini d’une manière complètement claire et utilisé à son plein potentiel
REDRESSIVE ACTIONS FOLLOWING COMMISERATIONS IN ONLINE DISCUSSIONS
Get PDFIn Brown and Levinson’s (1978) seminal classification of positive politeness strategies, commiserating is listed in the subgroup referred to as human-relations wants. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of a corpus consisting of five Internet discussion boards has shown that it is also one of the most frequent positive politeness strategies used there. All the threads under examination are dedicated to the so-called women’s topics, such as dieting, pregnancy, infertility or mothering. The members of these close-knit communities formed upon the boards find it necessary to express sympathy in order to enhance each other’s (positive) face and avoid face-threatening acts arising from the sensitive nature of these topics. However, the analysis of the corpus has also revealed that to commiserate merely by saying they are sorry is not enough. The interlocutors find it necessary to add often complex redressive actions to boost the illocutionary force of their statements. Thus the aim of the paper is to explore the formulaic character of commiserations and categorise the numerous redressive actions following them, taking into account their two main functions, i.e. building rapport and facilitating smooth communication within online communities.