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Analysis of English-Spanish False Friends
No full textThe present study aims to carry out an analysis of English-Spanish false friends in order to establish the most prevailing type of false friends and to determine their degree of falseness and semantic resemblance. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to conduct the research. The results of the analysis have shown that the most dominant part of speech among false friends in English and Spanish is the category of nouns. The vast majority of false friends share their origins in Latin. The most prevailing type of false friends is semantic total. The data gathered from the questionnaire display that the majority of language users are familiar with the phenomenon and can recognize and understand the meaning of the false friend word pairs
The impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Language Teaching in Higher Education, CercleS survey
No full textIn March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic forced a move online of language teaching in Higher Education (HE). The CercleS survey on the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on language teaching in HE aimed to study teachers’ reflections on teaching during the pandemic and on the future of foreign language instruction. Data was collected between March and May 2021, and the answers reflect the voices of 725 teachers from CercleS member institutions of both national associations and associate members. The survey was written using a mixed method approach, based on a pragmatic epistemology. The findings indicate that the teachers moved flexibly into the online mode of teaching despite limitations in technological resources and the absence of training. Learning outcomes were met, and language skills were effectively taught, except for speaking skills. Generally, the respondents see the benefits of a blended/hybrid mode of instruction. Implications for teaching practices and stakeholders are as follows: develop guidelines and training for sustainable online and hybrid teaching; negotiate conditions needed to carry out efficient and sustainable language teaching with university management; and develop international collaboration between LCs in HE
Multilingualism as a Key Challenge for Higher Education Language Policy: The ARQUS Perspective
No full textLanguage plays an essential role in education, where it serves as both the medium of instruction and key to communication. To warrant successful teaching, learning, research and academic mobility, universities must develop a clear vision about the role of language(s) at their institution. For example, they must develop strategies to promote continual growth of their students’ and staff’s professional and academic language skills. This article will report on an initiative undertaken within the Arqus European University Alliance to formulate a comprehensive language policy. To do so, five thematic areas essential to language policies in higher education were identified and questions were developed to gather information from all of the partner universities. This information was then incorporated in the planning and design of a language policy for the Alliance. The Arqus Language Policy now stands as a guideline for university members to develop a clear vision of language in higher education as well as a joint reflection and agreement on the role of multilingual communication in society. In the second phase of the project, further actions and measures can be planned on this basis
Crocodiles, pallettari, limeurs et arrotini : la charge culturelle des argotismes du lexique tennistique dans les dictionnaires du sport français et italiens
No full textIn this article, we undertake a contrastive analysis of some slang words and expressions of the tennis lexicon in French and Italian. Using the notion of "lexiculture", coined by Robert Galisson, we will adopt - on the basis of a corpus of dictionaries of sports and sports slang in both languages - a comparative approach, reviewing some "culturally charged" terminological entries relating to the French and Italian tennis lexicon. Through this approach, we aim not only to bring out the culture sedimented in the selected lexical units, but also to show how these cultural references — being often specific to the idiom and civilization in which these slang lexical units were forged — pose many difficulties when translating.Dans le présent article, nous nous attelons àune analyse contrastivede quelques mots et expressions argotiques du lexique du tennis en langue française et italienne. En convoquant la notion de « lexiculture », forgée par Robert Galisson, nous adopterons — à partir d’un corpus de dictionnaires du sport et de l’argot sportif dans les deux langues — une approche comparative, passant en revue certaines entrées terminologiques « à charge culturelle partagée » relatives au lexique tennistique français et italien. Par le biais de cette approche,nousserons non seulement en mesure defaire ressortir les éléments lexiculturels sédimentés dans les mots et les expressions retenus, mais aussi de montrer comment ces références extra-énonciatives — étant souvent spécifiques à l’idiome et à la civilisation dans lesquels les argotismes ont été forgés — posent de nombreuses difficultés lors de la traduction
Language Policy at Universities in the Process of Internationalisation: Vilnius University Students’ Views
No full textThe current paper focuses on the study of novel lexical items, i. e. the processes involved in the making of new words, in order to discover which methods contribute to the expansion of the current English lexicon. The research is based on the new words coined since 2004 which are included in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) Online (ensuring that the items in the sample cover various semantic fields, are of diverse origins, and all are already accepted into the working vocabulary). Two objectives are completed to explore the subject and achieve its aim: 1) to establish the concept of new words and to overview the processes of lexical expansion in the English language, and 2) to determine which methods are employed and which are absent in the creation of new words in current English by analyzing the novel lexical items retrieved from the OED Online. Quantitative and qualitative methods are applied in this study. The results indicate that the concept of new words is not straightforward in the English language. More often than not, the terms neologisms and new words are used synonymously to refer to recent, novel lexical items recognized and used by the language community. English has an extensive inventory of word-forming tools classified into these distinct categories: word-formation, semantic change, borrowing, and other; each further subdivided into various processes. Overall, the subtypes of word-formation – derivation, shortening and compounding – are used the most in the creation of recent additions to the lexicon. Predominantly, the findings are consistent with the tendencies of lexical expansion observed in previous studies. Leksinė ekspansija yra ir labai patraukli, bet taip pat ir greitai nuvilianti lingvistikos tyrinėjimų sritis. Viena vertus, ji gali atskleisti daug turiningų įžvalgų apie kalbą ir jos vartotojus, nes nauji žodžiai atspindi kalbinę tam tikros bendruomenės situaciją, jos mąstyseną, pažiūras, naujų žodžių vartosenos modelius. Kita vertus, beveik neįmanoma išsamiai pateikti pačių naujausių leksikos pokyčių. Nepaisant tokių tyrimų sudėtingumo, jie yra vertingi, nes nauji žodžiai yra esminis bet kurios gyvosios kalbos studijų ir mokymo bei mokymosi elementas. Tyrimas grindžiamas naujų, nuo 2004 metų įtrauktų į Oksfordo anglų kalbos žodyno ( OED) elektroninę versiją ( į imtį įeina įvairių semantinių laukų bei skirtingos kilmė nauji, jau pripažintos vartosenos žodžiai) analize. Šiame straipsnyje dėmesys yra skiriamas šių žodžių darybos procesams, tikintis atrasti, kurie darybos būdai prisideda prie dabartinės anglų leksikos plėtros ir kurie iš jų yra dažniausiai vartojami. Tikslui pasiekti yra keliami šie uždaviniai: 1) naujų žodžių sampratos apibrėžtis ir anglų kalbos leksikos plėtros procesų apžvalga; 2) naujų šiuolaikinės anglų kalbos žodžių, pateikiamų Oksfordo anglų kalbos žodyno (OED) elektroninėje versijoje, darybos būdų nustatymas. Šiame tyrime taikyti kiekybiniai ir kokybiniai tyrimo metodai. Rezultatai rodo, kad naujų žodžių sąvoka nėra paprasta anglų kalboje. Naujausiai kalbinėje bendruomenėje pripažintai ir vartojamai leksikai apibūdinti sinonimiškai yra naudojami tiek terminas „naujadaras“, tiek sąvoka „naujas žodis“. Tyrimas atskleidė, kad derivacija, trumpiniai ir dūriniai yra dažniausiai naudojami žodžių darybos būdai naujos leksikos kūrimo procesuose. Semantinė kaita taip pat reikšmingai prisideda prie dabartinio žodyno plėtros. Pažymėtina, kad analogijos pagrindu sudaroma daugybė naujų žodžių. Kiti žodžių darybos būdai yra naudojami retai arba visai nenaudojami. Tyrimo rezultatai atitinka ankstesniuose tyrimuose pastebėtas leksikos plėtros tendencijas. 
Arqus University Alliance Staff Members\u27 Linguistic and Intercultural Needs: Survey Results
No full textThe Arqus European Higher Education Alliance identified as one of its priorities the development of linguistic and intercultural competences of university staff as a measure to ensure high quality teaching and services to students and staff. The present paper presents the main results of a questionnaire that was sent to all academic and administrative staff of the alliance member universities in May and June 2021 that asked about their linguistic and intercultural training needs. The findings of the results were intended to guide actions within the language policy of the universities and serve as a basis for designing joint workshops for staff members according to their needs. The overwhelming majority of the 2206 staff members that completed the questionnaire deemed intercultural training and language training necessary for their professional activity. The languages indicated were wide in range, whereby English clearly stood out, reflecting its growing importance as the lingua franca in academia
Individuelle Mehrsprachigkeit von Studierenden und ihr Einsatz beim Deutschlernen: Pilotstudie an der Philologischen Fakultät der Universität Vilnius
No full textThe importance of promoting individual multilingualism is repeatedly emphasised worldwide in didactic, sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic studies. The prior knowledge of the learners and the networking of languages is pointed out in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. For this reason, the principles and methods of multilingual didactics play an important role in foreign language teaching due to their positive effects. Therefore, the question is increasingly being addressed how individual differences and progress of the learners regarding their linguistic backgrounds can be taken into account in language teaching.This article examines the question of whether and how Lithuanian university students see their multilingual repertoire as a resource for learning German. For this purpose, a survey was carried out among the Philology students of Vilnius University who study German as an optional course. The aim of this pilot study was to find out whether the students\u27 previous knowledge of other languages helps them to learn German, or whether they see the influences of their mother tongue and other foreign languages as an obstacle that affects them negatively. The data obtained from the questionnaire presents the students\u27 attitudes towards multilingualism, their multilingual skills and language awareness, as well as their language-related experience in acquiring German as a foreign language. The respondents\u27 answers were processed using the method of the qualitative content analysis with a deductive-inductive approach. The results of the survey show that the majority of the students encountered the methods of multilingual didactics and see the multilingual competence as an important advantage for learning other foreign languages. Despite the language interference, the benefits of language skills outweigh the learning process. The students give examples based on their experience of how they use other languages for learning German and show well-developed metalinguistic awareness (e.g. language comparisons) and metacognitive skills (e.g. learning strategies).It is planned to continue this study by interviewing students from other faculties of Vilnius University (Medicine, Law, etc.) comparing their multilingual skills and metalinguistic awareness with the Philology students.Die Förderung individueller Mehrsprachigkeit wird sowohl im universitären als auch im schulischen Bildungsbereich immer wieder betont. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob und wie litauische Philologiestudierende ihr mehrsprachiges Repertoire als Ressource beim Deutschlernen sehen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde im Frühjahrs- und Herbstsemester 2020 eine Fallstudie unter den Studierenden der Universität Vilnius durchgeführt, die Deutsch als Wahlfach studieren. Das Ziel dieser Untersuchung war herauszufinden, ob den Studierenden die Vorkenntnisse in anderen Sprachen beim Deutschlernen helfen bzw. welchen Nutzen sie im metalinguistischen und im metakognitiven Bereich sehen oder ob sie die Einflüsse der Muttersprache und weiterer Fremdsprachen als Interferenzphänomene betrachten. Nach einem kurzen Überblick über die wichtigsten Konzepte der Mehrsprachigkeitsdidaktik und Modelle des multiplen Sprachenlernens werden im Beitrag die Ergebnisse aus der Analyse der Befragung präsentiert. Die aus der Fallstudie gewonnenen Daten verdeutlichen die Einstellungen der Studierenden gegenüber der Mehrsprachigkeit, ihre sprachlernbezogenen Erfahrungen beim Erwerb des Deutschen, ihre multilingualen Fähigkeiten sowie Sprachbewusstheit
Expressionist Narrative of War (Vasyl Stefanyk’s Novellas in the Western European Context)
No full textThis article shows how the influence of Western European expressionism on Ukrainian art contributed to the formation of its national version in the works of Vasyl Stefanyk. The research applied comparative, biographical methods and method of close reading. The outcome of this detailed analysis demonstrates that the common features of Stefanyk’s antimilitary novels and Western European Expressionists are similar and feature such themes as the crisis of cultural values, anti-military issues, condemnation of murder, states of existential anxiety, tragedy of human existence and eschatological feeling. Furthermore, Expressionists and Stefanyk focus on the psychophysical states of characters ‒ death, madness, injury, numbness, screaming, fear, panic, despair, agony, anxiety, prayer
Totoriai Lietuvių kalbos žodyno pasaulėvaizdyje
No full text The year 2021 was declared the year of the Tatar language and culture in Lithuania. This fact has inspired the authors to take a closer look and examine lexicographic material related to this nation. The image of the Lithuanian Tatars in the eyes of local Lithuanians has been scrutinized by ethnologists, folklorists, historians, linguists. However, their studies in that regard have so far omitted the largest linguistic tract, the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language, which can be approached as some kind of a chronicle covering different material from our first writings dated 1547 until 2001. This article firstly aims to take a closer look at the image and relationship between those two ethnic groups, living in the close neighborhood for around 700 years, on the basis of available material recorded in the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language. Illustrations provided in the dictionary cover written texts of different scope and types, various dialects across the country, and a broad variety of historical periods.A semantic analysis of roughly 120 illustrative examples associated with the Tatar has revealed an image of how Lithuanians have looked at Tatars – basically the warriors and mostly enemies. Even in peaceful times with no major battles around the Tartars were looked upon as strangers. People different in appearance, clothing, using the language strange to the locals, practicing different traditions, and religious confession. Sometimes local girls, though not too willingly, would get married to Tartars, fearing life could get worse and family links with their relatives will be lost.It is worth mentioning that a considerable number of plants and two animals are etymologically related to Tartars.2021 metai Lietuvoje buvo paskelbti totorių kalbos ir kultūros metais. Šis faktas inspiravo autores panagrinėti leksikografinę medžiagą, susijusią su šia tauta. Kaip lietuviai žiūrėjo į savo kaimynus Lietuvos totorius, kokie buvo jų tarpusavio santykiai yra nagrinėję istorikai, etnologai, tautosakininkai, kalbininkai. Tačiau šiuo požiūriu dar nebuvo tirtas didysis Lietuvių kalbos žodynas, kuris apima surinktą medžiagą nuo pirmųjų lietuviškų raštų 1547 m. iki 2001 m. Gyvosios kalbos leksika iš įvairių šaltinių, tarmių šiam žodynui buvo rinkta nuo 1902 m. Šiame straipsnyje kaip tik ir buvo siekiama įdėmiau panagrinėti betarpiškoje kaimynystėje gyvenusių etninių bendruomenių kultūrinius ir istorinius santykius, pasitelkiant Lietuvių kalbos žodyne fiksuotą medžiagą.Semantiškai išanalizavus apie 120 su totoriumi susijusių žodyno iliustracinių pavyzdžių, paaiškėjo, kad lietuviai į totorius žiūrėjo visų pirma kaip į karius, dažniausiai – priešus. Net taikos sąlygomis, nevykstant istorinėms batalijoms, totoriai vis tiek buvo traktuojami kaip svetimos giminės, svetimo krašto atstovai – jie kitaip atrodė ir rengėsi, nesuprantamai kalbėjo, buvo kitos tikybos, skyrėsi savo tradicijomis. Verta paminėti, kad lietuvės už totorių tekėjo, nors ir nelabai noriai – joms atrodė, kad gyvenimas pasikeis į blogąją pusę, kad nutrūks santykiai su giminėmis.Įdomu, kad su totoriais siejama ir nemažai augalų bei dviejų gyvūnų pavadinimai
Syntactic Complexity of Learning Content in Italian for COVID-19 Frontline Responders: A Study on WHO’s Emergency Learning Platform
No full textThe goal of this paper is to offer a model to quantify the level of complexity of the linguistic content of a corpus in Italian extracted from OpenWHO, WHO’s health emergency learning platform (Rohloff et al. 2018; Zhao et al. 2019). The nature of the computational ranking costs of a typology of relativization strategies is investigated. To reach this goal, the results of the corpus are compared with other three syntactic annotated corpora from Italian belonging to different genres (news, social media, encyclopedic entries, legal). The results show that online learning contents in public health reduce complex structures in syntactic terms. The case study presented here provides a methodology to quantify syntactic and computational complexity in corpus studies