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Prompting Metalinguistic Awareness in Large Language Models: ChatGPT and Bias Effects on the Grammar of Italian and Italian Varieties
Get PDFWe explore ChatGPT’s handling of left-peripheral phenomena in Italian and Italian varieties through prompt engineering to investigate 1) forms of syntactic bias in the model, 2) the model’s metalinguistic awareness in relation to reorderings of canonical clauses (e.g., Topics) and certain grammatical categories (object clitics). A further question concerns the content of the model’s sources of training data: how are minor languages included in the model’s training? The results of our investigation show that 1) the model seems to be biased against reorderings, labelling them as archaic even though it is not the case; 2) the model seems to have difficulties with coindexed elements such as clitics and their anaphoric status, labeling them as ‘not referring to any element in the phrase’, and 3) major languages still seem to be dominant, overshadowing the positive effects of including minor languages in the model’s training
"New Regionalism" and Its Implementation in Ukrainian Legislation: The Terminology and the Political Implications
Get PDFThis paper investigates the terminology associated with "New regionalism" and its integration into Ukrainian legislation, analyzing its political and administrative implications. "New regionalism" is a contemporary administrative-territorial reform, with a focus on the principle of subsidiarity, which minimizes central authority intervention in local affairs. While not explicitly present in its regulations, certain subsidiarity elements are part of Ukrainian law. The study explores the adoption and implementation of "New regionalism" principles and terminology within the country\u27s legal discourse. The second aim of the study was to examine how "New regionalism" could potentially influence the political dynamics and administrative structures, particularly in the context of decentralization efforts. By employing systematic and comparative methodologies alongside principles of dialectical analysis, the study offers insights into the evolving landscape of Ukrainian political and administrative terminology alongside its structures, which might play a crucial role in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict
Lietuviškojo tapatumo apraiškos grįžusių iš užsienio vaikų sakytinės kalbos tekstyne
Get PDFThe aim of the article is to analyse the spoken corpus samples with the lexemes Lietuva, lietuvis, lietuviškas and lietuviškai of the repatriated children and to show how the children\u27s Lithuanian identity expressed through the use of these lexemes. The aim of the research was to explore the perception of Lithuania among the repatriated children, what they (dis)like in Lithuania, what characteristics of Lithuania, Lithuanians, etc., they identify, etc. The research material consists of data from 73 children (aged 8-12). Examples of these lexemes were collected from the first part of the semi-structured interview "warm-up", in which the pupils introduced themselves, talked about their family, friends, place of residence, etc. In this part of the interview, the children were also asked what they like in Lithuania, what they don\u27t like and why. The analysis of the examples found showed that the Lithuanian identity of the repatriated children is most broadly expressed through social and cultural aspects. This significantly points to factors important for adaptation.Straipsnio tikslas – remiantis grįžusių iš užsienio vaikų sakytinės kalbos tekstyno pavyzdžių su leksemomis Lietuva, lietuvis, lietuviškas ir lietuviškai analize, parodyti kaip per šių leksemų vartoseną skleidžiasi vaikų lietuviškasis tapatumas. Atliekant tyrimą norėta pasižiūrėti, kaip grįžę iš užsienio vaikai suvokia Lietuvą, kas jiems (ne)patinka Lietuvoje, kokius Lietuvos, lietuvių ir pan. požymius išskiria ir t. t. Tyrimo medžiagą sudaro 73 vaikų (8–12 metų) duomenys. Pavyzdžiai su minėtomis leksemomis rinkti iš pusiau struktūruoto interviu pirmosios dalies „apšilimo“, kurioje mokiniai prisistatė, pasakojo apie šeimą, draugus, gyvenamąją vietą ir pan. Šioje interviu dalyje vaikų taip pat buvo klausiama, kas jiems Lietuvoje patinka, gal nepatinka, kodėl. Išanalizavus rastus pavyzdžius paaiškėjo, kad plačiausiai grįžusių iš užsienio vaikų lietuviškasis tapatumas skleidžiasi per socialinį ir kultūrinį aspektus, tai reikšmingai kreipia į adaptacijai svarbius veiksnius
Frazemos akademiniuose studentų tekstuose
Get PDFVilma ZUBAITIENĖ, Gintarė JUDŽENTYTĖ-ŠINKŪNIENĖ, Eglė GUDAVIČIENĖ, Lina PLAUŠINAITYTĖ, Skaistė VOLUNGEVIČIENĖ. Studentų darbų fraziškumas. Kolektyvinė monografija. Vilnius, Vilniaus Universiteto leidykla, 2020, 614 p
Topics in Foreign Language Teaching in Research Articles in Psycholinguistics: Reviewing the State-of-the-Art
Get PDFThe article introduces a study whose purpose is to provide a review of research articles (RAs) in psycholinguistics which focus on foreign language teaching (FLT). To that end, the study examines a corpus of RAs in psycholinguistics that address FLT-related research topics, which are published in two international peer-reviewed journals, namely Psycholinguistics and Eastern European Journal of Psycholinguistics. The corpus was examined for the presence of research topics in FLT, as well as the RAs’ bibliometric data. The results of the corpus analysis revealed that the majority of the RAs were single-authored by female researchers, who focused on such FLT-related research topics as translation and interpreting, speaking in a foreign language (FL), and FL proficiency. It was established that the FLT-themed RAs investigated primarily English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and, less frequently, German, Chinese, Japanese, Latin, and Ukrainian. The findings are further described and discussed in the article
Developing an institutional language policy in the complex scenario of internationalization
No full textOver the last 20 years since the Bologna Agreement the role of language in Higher Education has gained recognition as an integral part of the teaching/learning process, and an essential element of the process of internationalization. The rapid shift towards internationalization has had a pronounced effect on academic life, procedure, and personnel. In this process, it has often become the role of Language Centres to organize the language aspect, and to a more limited extent, to advise on language.This short paper looks at the involvement of the University of Padova Language Centre (CLA) in the process of internationalization, and in particular the promotion of a language policy. A project developed to promote language and teaching methodology courses for academic staff required to teach in English, and the findings of research based on this project, led to recognition of the need to draft a language policy which encompasses the wide-ranging issues relevant to successful internationalization
Grįžusių emigrantų vaikų kalba: kelios įžvalgos
No full textThe article overviews the Lithuanian language of returning emigrant children. It is based on the project “Linguistic Integration of Returning Emigrant Children: Proficiency in Lithuanian and its Development” (RCL Agreement No. S-REP-21-1), implemented in 2021–2022. The data were selected from two Lithuanian language children’s corpora (returning emigrant children (KG) and permanently residing in Lithuania children (KL)) collected during the project at eight Lithuanian schools. The corpora consist of the Lithuanian language production by children aged 8–12 who returned to Lithuania from English-speaking countries 1–2 years ago and by their peers in Lithuania. The article aims to identify differences in the linguistic expression of KG and KL by comparing the word frequency lists and overviewing verb, noun, and adjective. The quantitative findings show no significant differences in the use of the selected parts of speech. The results suggest that according to the available language skills and competences, the returning emigrant children can communicate on everyday topics quite freely, and their linguistic expression is similar to the language of their peers in Lithuania.Straipsnyje pristatoma grįžusių emigrantų vaikų lietuvių kalbos apžvalga, remiantis 2021–2022 metais vykdyto projekto „Grįžusių emigrantų vaikų kalbinė integracija: lietuvių kalbos kompetencija ir jos ugdymas“ (LMT sutartis Nr. S-REP-21-1) duomenimis. Tyrimo medžiaga atrinkta iš projekto metu sukauptų dviejų lietuvių kalbos grįžusių (KG) ir nuolat Lietuvoje gyvenusių (KL) vaikų tekstynų, kurių medžiagą sudaro 2021 m. aštuoniose Lietuvos mokyklose surinkti empiriniai tyrimo duomenys. Į tyrimo imtį įtraukti iš anglakalbių šalių į Lietuvą prieš 1–2 metus grįžę 8–12 metų vaikai ir tokio pat amžiaus Lietuvoje nuolat gyvenę vaikai. Šiuo straipsniu siekiama nustatyti KG ir KL vaikų kalbinės raiškos skirtumus lyginant dažninius žodžių sąrašus ir apžvelgiant keletą pasirinktų kalbos dalių: veiksmažodį, daiktavardį ir būdvardį. Paaiškėjo, kad KG ir KL kalbinėje raiškoje žymesnių veiksmažodžio, daiktavardžio ir būdvardžio vartojimo dažnumo skirtumų nenustatyta. Įvertinus tekstynų medžiagą, matyti, kad pagal turimus kalbos gebėjimus ir žinias grįžę vaikai geba gana laisvai bendrauti kasdienėmis temomis ir jų kalbos raiška yra panaši į Lietuvoje augusių bendraamžių kalbą
Lietuvių kalbos žargono daiktavardžiai su slaviškomis priesagomis: skoliniai ir hibridai
No full textThe article analyses 200 nouns of Lithuanian slang with the three most common Slavic suffixes: -ka, -kė (Russ. -ка, Pl. -ka); -akas (Russ. -ак, Pl. -ak), -iakas (Russ. -як); -ščikas, -čikas (Russ. -щик, -чик). The majority of nouns in the slang are with the suffixes -kė, -ka. A part of the borrows with theses suffixes are the result of suffix univerbation; the univerbs usually are informal or slang words in Russian language. The borrowings with the suffixes -akas, -iakas are the second most common: these nouns are mostly slang words in Russian. There are many hybrids created with the suffixes -akas, -iakas in Lithuanian slang. The nouns with the suffixes -ščikas, -čikas are the third most common; the words with -ščikas are more ordinary in slang; the suffix -čikas is less common, but both forms are often used as synonyms. There are also few pseudo-borrowings with Russian roots and suffixes -ščikas, -čikas as well as hybrid derivatives.Straipsnyje nagrinėjami 200 lietuvių kalbos žargono daiktavardžių su trimis dažniausiomis slaviškomis priesagomis -ka, -kė (rus. -ка, lenk. -ka); -akas (rus. -ак, lenk. -ak), -iakas (rus. -як); -ščikas, -čikas (rus. -щик, -чик). Žargone daugiausiai daiktavardžių su priesagomis -kė, -ka. Dalis skolinių su šia priesaga yra priesaginės univerbacijos rezultatas, rusų kalboje univerbai dažniausiai yra prastakalbės žodžiai, žargonybės. Antroje vietoje pagal dažnumą yra skoliniai su priesagomis -akas, -iakas: dažniausiai šie daiktavardžiai yra žargonybės rusų kalboje. Su priesagomis -akas, -iakas pasidaroma daug hibridinių lietuvių kalbos žargonybių. Trečioje vietoje pagal dažnumą yra daiktavardžiai su priesagomis -ščikas, -čikas, žargone labiau yra paplitę žodžiai su -ščikas; priesaga -čikas retesnė, bet žargone neretai vartojamos abi formos pagrečiui kaip sinonimai. Taip pat pasidaroma nedaug pseudoskolinių su rusų kalbos šaknimis ir priesagomis -ščikas, -čikas bei hibridinių darinių
Tarminiai grafolektai XXI amžiaus pradžioje kaip tarminių kodų gyvybingumo ir tęstinumo apraiška
No full textThe paper presents a case study on written dialectality. The material used for the research is the Eastern Aukštaitian (EA) texts published in the almanacs titled “A Waking Spring” (“Bundanti versmė”) (2013, 2014). The paper develops an approach for “reading” written dialectality, provides theoretical insights about the concept of a dialect grapholect, presents a dialectological analysis of the EA texts, assessing the vitality of the distinctive features, and also includes commentary on the non-standard spelling choices applied to reflect these features through the grapholect. In the given paper written dialectality is considered to be an indication of the vitality and continuity of dialectal codes because, unlike in oral dialectality, the informants-authors put effort into demonstrating dialect. The distinctive features of the EA and of its subdialects represented in the grapholects suggest the idea of their vitality in apparent time. The orthographic choices of the informants-authors are considered as dialect respelling. The EA grapholect is found to be fluctuating, while the orthographic choices for conveying the features of the subdialects are somewhat more stable, however, still in a stage of development as well. Therefore, it is more accurate to discuss the grapholects (plural), rather than a grapholect (singular) of the EA or the subdialect.Straipsnyje pristatomas rašytinio tarmiškumo tyrimas. Tyrimo medžiaga – rytų aukštaičių (RA) tekstai, publikuoti almanachuose „Bundanti versmė“ (2013, 2014). Straipsnyje susikuriama rašytinio tarmiškumo „perskaitymo“ prieiga, teikiama teorinių įžvalgų apie tarminio grafolekto supratimą, atliekama RA tekstų dialektologinė analizė, įvertinant skiriamųjų ypatybių gyvybingumą, taip pat teikiama komentarų, kokie nestandartinės rašybos sprendimai taikomi, siekiant grafolektu atspindėti šias ypatybes. Vertinama, kad rašytinis tarmiškumas yra tarminių kodų gyvybingumo ir tęstinumo indikacija, nes, kitaip nei sakytinio tarmiškumo atveju, autoriai-informantai deda pastangas demonstruoti tarmiškumą. Grafolektuose perteikiamos skiriamosios RA, taip pat RA patarmių ypatybės skatina įžvalgą dėl jų gyvybingumo stebimuoju laiku. Autorių-informantų ortografiniai sprendimai vertinami kaip vadinamosios dialekto perrašos. Konstatuojama, kad RA grafolektas yra nenusistovėjęs, kiek stabilesni atrodo patarmių ypatybių perteikimo ortografiniai sprendimai, tačiau ir jie tebėra formavimosi stadijos, todėl tiksliau yra kalbėti ne apie RA ar patarmės grafolektą, bet apie grafolektus
Du verbe plein à la composante pragmatique : le cas de falloir
No full textThe paper seeks to present a semantico-functional analysis of the French verb falloir. The empirical data are obtained from a parallel corpus – the Corpus Parallèle de Textes Littéraires (CTLFR-LT), which is composed of French literary texts and their translations into Lithuanian. The paper uses quantitative, qualitative and comparative methods. It is based on the studies focusing on the polysemy of modal verbs (Chu 2010; Dendale 1994; Kronning 1988; Le Querler 2001; Rossari 2012) as well as on the development of discourse markers in language (Dostie 2004; Vold 2008).
The findings show that the verb falloir, while maintaining its core meaning of necessity, can express conjecture. When it is used in patterns together with verbs of saying (verba cogitandi and dicendi) and verbs of visual perception, falloir no longer functions as a marker of necessity and becomes a pragmatic marker of connection and argumentation.
The analysis of the translations of the French verb falloir into a typologically different language, Lithuanian, has also confirmed the entrenched use of the verb in question in the modal field of necessity and its rich functional potential in the French literary texts. The paper contributes to the existing contrastive studies between the French and Lithuanian languages, which are not numerous. The findings of the research could serve didactic purposes as well as add to the field of translation studies.Notre recherche se veut une étude sémantico-fonctionnelle du verbe français falloir. L’analyse des occurrences trouvées dans le Corpus parallèle de Textes Littéraires (CTLFR-LT) composé des documents littéraires français et de leurs traductions vers le lituanien ont révélé que le verbe falloir, tout en gardant sa valeur canonique de la nécessité, peut exprimer la conjecture et, en tant que composante dans les unités avec les « verba cogitandi et dicendi » perdre sa valeur de base et devenir un marqueur pragmatique de connexion et d’argumentation.
La traduction du verbe français falloir vers la langue génétiquement différente – le lituanien – a un double enjeu : confirmer les effets de sens de la nécessité véhiculés par le verbe en question et son riche potentiel fonctionnel dans les textes littéraires français et contribuer aux recherches contrastives entre langues française et lituanienne très peu menées jusqu’à aujourd’hui.
La présente étude s’inscrit donc dans une perspective analytique comparative et empirique. Nous nous basons sur les travaux axés autour de la polysémie des verbes modaux (Chu 2010 ; Kronning 1988 ; Larreya 2004 ; Le Querler 1996 ; Rossari 2012) ainsi sur ceux qui sont consacrés la formation des marqueurs discursifs dans la langue (Dostie 2004 ; Vold 2008)