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Les titres de film : analyse sémiotico-linguistique, par MARIBEL PEÑALVER VICEA
Get PDFMARIBEL PEÑALVER VICEA, Les titres de film : analyse sémiotico-linguistique, Paris, L’Harmattan, « L’Orizzonte », n. 188, 2023, 180 p
Alternatyvūs skirtingo dėmenų skaičiaus terminai
Get PDFThe paper deals with alternative denominations of concepts (synonymous terms, as well as terms and their abbreviations) with varying numbers of constituents, in order to determine the nature of the synonymy of such units and the linguistic mechanisms that underlie the alternatives. These mechanisms are distinguished according to the opposition of synonyms, hypothetically bi-directional processes being perceived in one opposition. The analysis considers whether synonymous terms with different numbers of constituents express the same number of concept characteristics and whether these characteristics overlap.On the basis of data from two Lithuanian terminological dictionaries, the following linguistic mechanisms of synonymy of terms with different number of contituents are identified: derivational compression vs. decompression, lexical reduction vs. lexical addition, lexical extending vs. lexical reduction (with transformation), abreviation vs. decompression, (non-)descriptive substitution, aspectual substitution and substitution by a sign of another language. Some of them lead only to formal differences between synonyms, others to semantic differences.Straipsnyje nagrinėjami nevienodą dėmenų skaičių turintys alternatyvūs dalykinių sąvokų pavadinimai – sinoniminiai terminai, taip pat terminai bei jų santrumpos, siekiant nustatyti tokių vienetų sinonimijos pobūdį ir alternatyvą lemiančius kalbinius mechanizmus. Tie mechanizmai išskiriami pagal sinonimų opoziciją, vienoje opozicijoje hipotetiškai įžvelgiami dvikrypčiai procesai. Aiškinamasi, ar skirtingo dėmenų skaičiaus sinoniminiais terminais išreiškiama tiek pat sąvokos požymių, svarstoma, ar tie požymiai sutampa.Remiantis dviejų lietuvių kalbos terminų žodynų duomenimis išskirti tokie skirtingo dėmenų skaičiaus terminų sinonimijos kalbiniai mechanizmai: darybinis sutraukimas vs. išskleidimas, leksemos išleidimas vs. leksemos pridėjimas, leksinis praplėtimas vs. leksinis išleidimas (su transformavimu), abreviacija vs. išskleidimas, (ne)nusakomasis pakeitimas, aspektinis pakeitimas ir pakeitimas kitos kalbos ženklu. Vieni iš jų lemia tik formalius sinonimų skirtumus, kiti – ir semantinius
Okazionaliųjų frazeologizmų stilistinės išgalės Rimvydo Valatkos komentaruose apie Rusijos ir Ukrainos karą
Get PDFThe subject of this study is the 201 occasional phraseological units that appear in the comments by the journalist R. Valatka on the Russia–Ukraine war published on the delfi.lt news portal in 2022–2023, said comments totalling 82. The goal of the article is to analyse the structure of the occasional phraseological units and the patterns of their usage. Once the data of the study had been summarised, the following conclusions were made: (1) the texts by this journalist are dominated by two types of modification of phraseological units: the development of a phraseological unit makeup (78; 68.4%) and replacement of phraseological unit components (23; 20.2%); (2) there are three secondary types of reconstruction of phraseological units that are employed: the expansion of a phraseological unit into a broader context (6; 5.3%), several types of modification (5; 4.4%), and using a phraseological unit as a semantic parallelism (2; 1.7%); (3) no other types of modification, such as phraseological unit repetition, variation of phraseological unit value, omission of phraseological unit components, and phraseological unit inversion have been discovered over the period of the study. Modified (114; 56.7%) and author’s own, bespoke (87; 43.3%) phraseological compounds are used for their expression, which is both novel and stronger, as well as the need to highlight the negative emotional charge of the unit.Šio tyrimo objektas – 201 okazionalusis frazeologizmas, pavartotas žurnalisto R. Valatkos komentaruose apie Rusijos ir Ukrainos karą, kurie buvo publikuoti naujienų portale delfi.lt per 2022–2023 m. Tokių komentarų rasta 82. Straipsnio tikslas – ištirti okazionaliųjų frazeologizmų struktūrą ir vartosenos polinkius. Apibendrinus tyrimo duomenis, padarytos tokios išvados: 1) žurnalisto tekstuose vyrauja du pagrindiniai frazeologizmų modifikacijos būdai: frazeologizmo sudėties plėtimas (78; 68,4 %) ir frazeologizmo komponentų keitimas (23; 20,2 %); 2) vartojami trys šalutiniai frazeologizmų perkūrimo būdai: frazeologizmo plėtojimas į platesnį kontekstą (6; 5,3 %), keli modifikacijos būdai (5; 4,4 %) ir frazeologizmo kaip semantinio paralelizmo vartojimas (2; 1,7 %); 3) kitų modifikacijos būdų – frazeologizmų kartojimo, frazeologizmo reikšmės kitimo, frazeologizmo komponentų praleidimo ir frazeologizmų inversijos – tiriamuoju laikotarpiu nerasta. Modifikuoti (114; 56,7 %) ir autoriniai, individualūs (87; 43,3 %) frazeologiniai junginiai vartojami dėl naujesnės, ekspresyvesnės raiškos ir poreikio išryškinti neigiamo emocinio vertinimo aspektą
Degrés d’hypothèse, échelle de conditions
Get PDFIn many languages, there is a wide variety of words and expressions for hypothesis. The result is a diversity of interpretations linked to the use of these words or expressions: “hypothetical”, “false con-ditional”, “concessive”, “oppositive”, “explanatory”, and this tradition is perpetuated in today\u27s grammars. Following in the footsteps of others, we have studied this diversity, seeking however to bring interpreta-tions together under the umbrella of the suspension of truth (vericonditionality) for dialogical debate (veri-dictionality), thus moving from the fact represented to the fact of saying. Here, we take another look at the diversity of introducers, constructions, tenses and modes. Faced with a plethora of combinations, and as soon as we move away from the potential/actual, possible/counterfactual opposition, we can envisage not an opposition but a scale, a gradation of confidentiality or hypothesis of combinations that envisage or allow, or not, actualization.Il existe dans nombre de langues une grande diversité de mots ou expressions pour exprimer l’hypothèse. Il en résulte une diversité d’interprétations liées à l’emploi de ces mots ou expressions : « hy-pothétique », « faux conditionnel », « concessif », « oppositif », « explicatif », et cette tradition se perpé-tue dans les grammaires d’aujourd’hui. Après d’autres, nous avons étudié cette diversité, cherchant tou-tefois à rassembler les interprétations sous le couvert de la suspension de la vérité (vériconditionnalité) pour la mise en débat dialogique (véridictionnalité), passant ainsi du fait représenté au fait de dire. Nous aborderons ici sous un autre angle la question de la diversité des introducteurs, des constructions et des temps et des modes. Face à une pléthore de combinaisons, et dès lors que l’on sort de l’opposition po-tentiel/irréel, possible/contrefactuel, on peut envisager non plus une opposition mais une échelle, une gradation de conditionnalité ou d’hypothèse des combinaisons qui envisagent ou permettent, ou non, l’actualisation
Des premières priorités, un hasard imprévu, applaudir des deux mains, découvrir pour la première fois … ou des phrasèmes pléonastiques en français et en polonais contemporains
Get PDFIn this article, we present a comparative study of approximately hundred pleonastic collocational phrasemes in French, created through three specific syntactic patterns: N+Adj / Adj+N or N de/à N and V+Adv, and their Polish equivalents. We attempt to explain the semantic mechanisms of pleonasm construction. Some of these pleonasms are due to the speakers\u27 ignorance or thoughtlessness, making them incorrect and to be avoided in official language. Others are intentional and useful, as they add additional value such as emphasis or intensity, precision and explanation to the meaning of the constructed phrasemes. The componential analysis we propose as a method of analysis, demonstrates either a semantic congruence, that is a useful correlation between the sememes of the components of pleonastic phrasemes, or excessive and useless addition. In other words, it allows us to verify whether the redundancy of meaning has any utility or is perfectly superfluous.Dans cet article nous présentons une étude comparative d’une centaine de phrasèmes collocationnels pléonastiques en français se réalisant par trois patrons syntaxiques précis, à savoir N+Adj / Adj+N ou N de/à N et V+Adv et de leurs correspondants en polonais. Nous tentons à expliquer les mécanismes sémantiques de la construction des pléonasmes. Certains d’entre ces pléonasmes sont dus à l’ignorance ou à l’irréflexion des locuteurs, ils sont donc fautifs, à éviter absolument dans la langue officielle. D’autres sont volontaires et utiles, car ils apportent à la signification du phrasème construit une valeur additionnelle telle que l’insistance ou l’intensité, la précision et l’explication. L’analyse sémique que nous proposons comme méthode d’analyse permet de démontrer soit une congruence sémantique, c’est-à-dire une corrélation utile entre les sémèmes des composantes des phrasèmes pléonastiques, soit une addition superflue ou excessive. Autrement dit, elle permet de vérifier si la réduplication du sens est d’une utilité quelconque ou est parfaitement superflue
« Kevin et Mattéo », « ces petits anges »… : quelques exemples de re-paramétrages sémantiques, entre échos interdiscursifs et travail métadiscursif
Get PDF‘Kevin and Mattéo’, ‘imported product’, ‘community of Untouchables’, ‘piece of cloth’, ‘a chance’... Using the Figaro forum in 2023 (a French national newspaper) as a starting point, and from a discourse analysis perspective rooted in enunciation and semantics, the study examines the way in which certain lexical items are extracted from their usual meanings to be misappropriated in order to designate immigrants or refugees on French soil and thus condenses a political rejection of Muslims in particular and more generally of the current government. Through the interplay of semantic or pragma-enunciative adjustments and a fundamentally dialogical enunciation, the new setting here articulates an informative aim of deciphering with an intention of disqualification based on stereotyping and stigmatization. It is then a question for the enunciator of implementing a conniving logic of de-/re-construction of meaning.« Kevin et Mattéo », « produit d’importation », « communauté des Intouchables », « bout de tissu », « une chance »… A partir du forum du quotidien national français Le Figaro en 2023 et dans une perspective d’analyse du discours ancrée dans l’énonciation et la sémantique, la réflexion menée étudie la façon dont certains items lexicaux sont extraits de leur signification usuelle pour être détournés afin de désigner les immigrés et réfugiés sur le sol français et cristalliser ainsi un rejet politique des musulmans notamment puis, plus généralement du pouvoir en place. Par le jeu d’ajustements sémantiques ou pragma-énonciatifs et d’une énonciation foncièrement dialogique, le reparamétrage articule ici une visée informative de décryptage de l’information à une intentionnalité de disqualification fondée sur la stéréotypisation et la stigmatisation. Il s’agit alors pour le locuteur de mettre en oeuvre une logique connivente de dé-/re-construction du sens
Suffixed Diminutive Nouns in Movies by Quentin Tarantino
Get PDFLanguage serves as a tool for expressing feelings and emotions. Diminutives play a key role in conversations by reflecting an attitude of a speaker. Consequently, this article focuses on the use of nouns with diminutive suffixes in nine movies by Quentin Tarantino. This analysis examines the meaning, formation processes and functions of suffixed diminutive nouns, categorizes them and identifies the most frequent ones, exploring their roles and comparing their usage across nine movies. The quantitative method, along with a descriptive approach, was used to study the type and token frequency of diminutive suffixes. Meanwhile, the qualitative method, combined with comparative and analytical approaches, aided in analysing the collected examples of diminutive nouns and their functions. In total, 292 common nouns, 39 different lexemes and eight diminutive suffixes were examined in this article. The most productive diminutive suffix was noted to be -ie (-y, -ey), while the most common function was ameliorative. The most prevalent diminutives were associated with close relationships
The Origins of Language: An Introduction to Evolutionary Linguistics
Get PDFJoanna DORNBIERER-STUART. The origins of language: An introduction to evolutionary linguistics, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2024, 188 p
Terminas depresija dabartinėje lietuvių publicistikoje
Get PDFThe article attempts to look into the ways that the special meaning of the term depression (Lith. depresija) changes in the discourse of journalism and the factors that drive those changes. Analysis of nearly 2,000 sentences featured in the Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language that contain the term depression has shown that only one meaning of this term (medical) undergoes transformation as the term transcends the boundaries of a special field, while the rest of its meanings are not susceptible to change. First, the terminological meanings in which this term is used in the material covered by the analysis basically do not change at all, and no break between the term and the underlying concept occurs. Second, the terminological (medical) meaning changes to an extent, and the concept becomes simplified. Third, the terminological meaning undergoes a series of different semantic transformations and the term becomes even more detached from the special meaning, acquiring a number of emotional, expressive shades. These transformations depend on the topics covered by texts, the intentions of the authors, the contextual partners (adjectives, verbs), which often carry some stylistic connotations. Still, it can be sometimes difficult to determine the extent of transformation of the terminological meaning of the term depression with a high degree of accuracy. At times, the boundary between the term depression and the word depression becomes unclear.Straipsnyje aiškinamasi, kaip pakinta termino depresija specialioji reikšmė publicistiniame diskurse, kas turi įtakos tiems pokyčiams vykti. Išnagrinėjus arti 2000 Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos tekstyno publicistikos sakinių su terminu depresija, nustatyta, kad šio termino, peržengusio specialiosios srities ribas, tik viena iš termininių reikšmių (medicininė) patiria trejopo laipsnio transformacijų, kitos gi reikšmės nepagaulios mainytis. Pirma, termininės reikšmės, kuriomis šis terminas vartojamas tiriamojoje medžiagoje, iš esmės nepakinta, termino ryšys su dalykine sąvoka nenutrūksta. Antra, termininė (medicininė) reikšmė pakinta iš dalies, sąvokos samprata supaprastėja. Trečia, termininė reikšmė patiria įvairių semantinių transformacijų, terminas dar labiau atitrūksta nuo specialiosios reikšmės, įgyja emocinių, ekspresinių atspalvių. Tokioms transformacijoms daro įtaką publicistinio stiliaus tekstų tematika, autorių intencija, kontekstiniai partneriai (būdvardžiai, veiksmažodžiai), kurie dažniausiai yra stilistiškai konotuoti. Visgi kartais problemiška tiksliai nustatyti depresijos termininės reikšmės transformacijos laipsnį. Kartais riba tarp termino depresija ir žodžio depresija yra sąlygiška