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EX-spot: Mørke flekker i laksefilet. Årsak til dannelse og tiltak som hemmer utvikling
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Kartlegging av kjølerutiner, temperaturkontroll og temperatursporing ved transport av fersk fisk på is
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Conflicting Issues of Sustainable Consumption and Food Safety: Risky Consumer Behaviors in Reducing Food Waste and Plastic Packaging
Get PDFFood-related consumer decisions have an impact on the environment. However, trending patterns of sustainable consumption often pose a challenge for food-safety authorities: these initiatives may unintentionally compromise food safety. The objective of this review is to support public agencies in the integration of sustainability issues into food-safety risk communication schemes. Environmentally conscious but risky behaviors aimed at the reduction of food waste and plastic packaging were chosen for discussion and scrutinized based on expert opinions. Those expert opinions clearly indicated that a significant part of environmentally conscious behaviors, such as removing mold, eating expired perishable food, overstoring leftovers, avoiding single-use plastic packaging even when cross-contamination is a threat, and using reusable bags without cleaning for a long time, often contribute to food-safety risks. Short, easy-to-remember messages were collected for each recognized risky behavior; they concentrated on prevention or providing an alternative that was still environmentally sensible but kept food-safety risks low (such as planning ahead to avoid leftovers, freezing leftovers in time, and sanitizing reusable bags). The identified challenges and solutions might encourage authorities to rethink their risk-communication practices and integrate a sustainability aspect in them.publishedVersio
A metapopulation model reveals connectivity-driven hotspots in treatment resistance evolution in a marine parasite
Get PDFIn salmon aquaculture, the sustainable management of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) is limited by the adaptive capacity of the parasite. This is evident in the repeated evolution of pesticide resistance in the salmon louse population. To better prepare for resistance, we constructed a numerical metapopulation model that predicts the evolutionary dynamics of lice across an interconnected farm network. This model integrates within-farm population dynamics and between-farm louse dispersal, the latter using outputs from a state-of-the-art particle-tracking model. Distinct from previous metapopulation models, it also simulates spatial and temporal genetic variation arising from selection. The model was parameterized to simulate the evolution of resistance to the pesticide azamethiphos on farms in southern Norway. It successfully reproduced the rapid (within 10 years) evolution of azamethiphos resistance following extensive delousing treatments. It also identified strong spatial patterns in resistance, with regions of high farm connectivity being potential hotspots of louse adaptation. Rates of infestation and evolution were significantly reduced when highly connected farms were excluded from the simulation, compared to when low-connectivity or random sites were excluded. This model can be a valuable tool for coordinating pest management at a regional scale, in a way that slows or prevents the spread of resistance.A metapopulation model reveals connectivity-driven hotspots in treatment resistance evolution in a marine parasitepublishedVersio
A simulated e-commerce cold chain for fresh cod (Gadus morhua L.) products: Applicability of selected TTIs and effects of pre-treatment and packaging
Get PDFThe objective of this work was to study 1) the applicability of two selected time and temperature integrators (TTIs) and 2) the quality effects of different pre-treatments and packaging of fresh cod in a simulated e-commerce cold chain of 16 days. TTIs enables consumers to evaluate the product quality based on its time and temperature history. The first 6 days, the fish was either stored as gutted or gutted and filleted, representing “from business to business” (B2B), while the remaining days “from business to consumer” (B2C) value chain, the fish was packaged and stored at 4 °C in modified atmosphere (MA) or in air. One TTI recorded the temperature, and the other TTI was based on an enzymatic reaction. In B2B, the product core temperature was app. −0.5 °C. In the B2C, shelf life of 7–10 and 5–7 days for MA- and air-packaged products were obtained, respectively. Time for filleting, 1 or 6 days post-mortem for the MA products, did not influence the shelf life in the B2C. The TTI recording the temperature showed a good coherence with the reference temperature, while the reaction based TTI was inconsistent with the actual shelf life. To ensure consistency, the TTI could have been activated earlier. From a consumer's point of view, the information generated by the TTIs is beneficial to avoid the purchase of products of poor sensory quality.publishedVersio
Effect of the T90-codend on the catch quality of cod (Gadus morhua) compared to the conventional codend configuration in the Barents Sea bottom trawl fishery
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to compare the catch quality of Northeast Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Barents Sea bottom trawl fishery caught using the conventional configuration (a sorting grid followed by a diamond mesh (T0) codend) and a T90° turned mesh codend (T90) without a grid. Twenty hauls were conducted, consisting of 10 hauls with the conventional configuration and 10 hauls with the T90-codend. The catch quality was assessed using the catch-damages-index (CDI) and a newly developed method using VIS/NIR hyperspectral imaging to estimate the residual blood abundances in the fish muscle. The probability of obtaining fish with no damage was 23.4% (CI: 16.3–31.1%) for cod captured by the conventional configuration, and 21.2% (CI: 15.4–27.2%) for cod captured by the T90-codend. The average blood abundance (in arbitrary unit) was 0.86 (CI: 0.85–0.87) for cod captured by the conventional configuration and 0.88 (CI: 0.87–0.88) for cod captured by the T90-codend. Catch quality of the hauls obtained using the two gears did not differ significantly in terms of catch damage or residual blood levels in the cod. Hence, this study demonstrated that T90-codends do not compromise catch quality compared to regular diamond meshed codends.publishedVersio
Live transport of the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) in air and immersed in seawater and the impact on subsequent roe enhancement after in-water transport
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Critical evaluation of assessor difference correction approaches in sensory analysis
Get PDFIn sensory data analysis, assessor-dependent scaling effects may hinder the analysis of product differences. Romano et al. (2008) compared several approaches to reduce scaling differences between assessors by their ability to maximise the product effect F-values in a mixed ANOVA analysis. Their study on a sensory dataset of 14 cheese samples assessed by twelve assessors on a continuous scale showed that some of these approaches apparently improved the F-value of the product effect. However, this direct comparison is only legitimate if these F-values originate from the same null distribution. To obtain the null distributions of the different correction methods, we employed a permutation approach on the same cheese dataset also used by Romano et al. (2008) and a random noise simulation approach. Based on the empirically obtained null distributions, we calculated the corrected product effect significance to directly compare the performance of the preprocessing methods. Our results show that the null distributions of some preprocessing methods do not correspond to the expected F-distribution. In particular for the ten Berge method, the null distribution is shifted towards higher F-values. Therefore, an observed increase of the product effect F-value, as compared to the F-value on raw data, does not necessarily lead to increased product effect significance. If p-values are calculated based on such inflated F-values, significance may thus be overestimated. In contrast, calculation of p-values directly from the empirical null distributions obtained by permutation provides a common ground to properly compare method performance. Moreover, we show that differences in reproducibility between assessors, as they exist in real-world sensory datasets, may lead to overestimation of product effect significance by the mixed assessor model (MAM).publishedVersio
Physiological changes observed in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) with nephrocalcinosis
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Evaluation of Preprocessing Methods on Independent Medical Hyperspectral Databases to Improve Analysis
Get PDFCurrently, one of the most common causes of death worldwide is cancer. The development of innovative methods to support the early and accurate detection of cancers is required to increase the recovery rate of patients. Several studies have shown that medical Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) combined with artificial intelligence algorithms is a powerful tool for cancer detection. Various preprocessing methods are commonly applied to hyperspectral data to improve the performance of the algorithms. However, there is currently no standard for these methods, and no studies have compared them so far in the medical field. In this work, we evaluated different combinations of preprocessing steps, including spatial and spectral smoothing, Min-Max scaling, Standard Normal Variate normalization, and a median spatial smoothing technique, with the goal of improving tumor detection in three different HSI databases concerning colorectal, esophagogastric, and brain cancers. Two machine learning and deep learning models were used to perform the pixel-wise classification. The results showed that the choice of preprocessing method affects the performance of tumor identification. The method that showed slightly better results with respect to identifing colorectal tumors was Median Filter preprocessing (0.94 of area under the curve). On the other hand, esophagogastric and brain tumors were more accurately identified using Min-Max scaling preprocessing (0.93 and 0.92 of area under the curve, respectively). However, it is observed that the Median Filter method smooths sharp spectral features, resulting in high variability in the classification performance. Therefore, based on these results, obtained with different databases acquired by different HSI instrumentation, the most relevant preprocessing technique identified in this work is Min-Max scaling.publishedVersio