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Exploring Near-Infrared and Raman Spectroscopies for the Non-Destructive In-Situ Estimation of Sweetness in Half Watermelons
Get PDFWatermelons are in high demand for their juicy texture and sweetness, which is linked to their soluble solids content (SSC). Traditionally, watermelons have been sold as whole fruits. However, the decline in the mean size of households and the very large size of the fruits, together with high prices, mainly at the beginning of the season, mean that supermarkets now sell them as half fruits. For consumers, it is important to know in advance that the fruits that they are purchasing are of a high quality, based not only on external flesh colour but also on sweetness. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and Raman spectroscopy were used for the in situ determination of SSC in half watermelons while simulating supermarket conditions. A handheld linear variable filter (LVF) device and an all-in-one (AIO) Process Raman analyser were used for the NIRS and Raman analysis, respectively. The excellent results obtained—including residual predictive deviation for prediction (RPDp) values of 3.06 and 2.90 for NIRS and Raman, respectively—showed the viability of NIRS and Raman spectroscopies for the prediction of sweetness in half watermelons.publishedVersio
Beste praksis for føring og mellomlagring av levende flyndre
Get PDFImplementering av rødspette som ny art i fangstbasert akvakultur (FBA) kan være enkel, både med tanke på logistikk (kystnært fiske) og tilgang på lokaliteter for mellomlagring i merd. Men det er en del utfordringer som må løses. For å sikre god fiskevelferd og kvalitet, er det viktig å bruke skånsomme fangstredskaper. Under fiske til levendelagring bør det benyttes knuteløst lin i snurrevadsekken for å redusere skader på fisken. Kort tauetid og moderate fangstmengder gir bedre forhold for fisken. Ved levering av levende fisk skal både båt og mottaksanlegg være konstruert slik at fisken ikke utsettes for unødig belastning, slag, klem eller fall. Dette sikrer at fisken opprettholder god helse og kvalitet gjennom hele prosessen fra fangst til levering. Det anbefales at fisken holdes i vann under ombordtaking og sortering. Benytt gjerne vannfylt lerretsløft i snurrevadsekken og sorter fisken forsiktig på vannfylte sorteringsbord/renne. Kun uskadet fisk med god vitalitet skal transporteres levende til mellomlagring i merd. Under transport trenger flyndre tilstrekkelig bunnareal og mye oksygenrikt vann. Fisketettheten bør være lavere enn 250 kg/m² og oppholdstid i transporttankene under 2 dager. Det anbefales at mellomlagringstiden i merd er kortere enn 4 uker, og det skal benyttes trampolinebunn for å hindre store ansamlinger med flyndre i utposninger i bunnen. Sviktende bunn kan føre til unødvendig belastning på fisken, mangel på oksygen, økt skadepotensial og dødelighet. Flyndre beveger seg lite, men fisken kan få slitasjeskader på finner og hud under mellomlagring i merd. I tillegg kan små fangstskader utvikle seg til større sår under mellomlagring, spesielt øynene og hodet er utsatt, så regelmessig inspeksjon og røkting er nødvendig. Skadet fisk bør fjernes raskt. En hevbar trampolinebunn kan forenkle røktingen og redusere stress. Ved slakting bør flyndre behandles så skånsomt som mulig, men bedøving er utfordrende på grunn av formen på fisken, så bedøving/avlivningsmetoder tilpasset flatfisk bør utvikles for å bedre ivareta dyrevelferden under slakting.publishedVersio
The Interaction Between Dietary Fat Level, n-3 LC-PUFA, and Zinc on Their Postprandial Absorption Kinetics in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
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Leaving the niche: Recommendations for mainstreaming Low Trophic Aquaculture in countries around the Atlantic basin
Get PDFLow Trophic Aquaculture (LTA) is the farming of aquatic organisms such as primary producers (e.g., seaweeds) and primary consumers (e.g. bivalves). Despite recognition as a key pathway to the provision of sustainable food from the oceans, many forms of LTA around the Atlantic basin remain in the niche stage of socio-technical evolution. With governance regarded as a limiting factor to LTA development, aquaculture experts and stakeholders were surveyed to find, and interviewed to document, examples of implemented good practice in rules, regulations and processes that were seen as supportive of the sustainable development of LTA and related Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture. A theoretical framework on socio-technical change under polycentric governance informed an analysis of the good practices, according to five core themes: regulation and legislation; resources and infrastructure; human and social capital; financial instruments and economic support; and, the overarching socio-economic environment. Recommendations for action were constructed both inductively (from interview evidence) and deductively (from the theory), and were organised in relation to the three spheres of governance: Government should: provide stable policy and legal frameworks within which developers can operate with commercial confidence; ensure public trust in LTA products; support LTA start-ups; ensure availability of researchers and public officials with LTA relevant skills and knowledge. Market organisations should: allow LTA to better access financial capital and insurance; develop consultancy services; inform the public about LTA. Civil Society organisations, including universities, producer organisations and NGOs, should: in some cases, lead development of LTA with arrangements for local control; help certify appropriate LTA as sustainable, healthy and socially equitable.publishedVersio
Which Novel Ingredient Should be Considered the “Holy Grail” for Sustainable Production of Finfish Aquafeeds?
Get PDFThe immense production of fishmeal and fish oil is dramatically intensifying the severe state of pelagic fisheries overexploitation. The latter in conjunction with the increasing demand for low-cost protein-rich food supply prompt aquaculture to employ new practice. Several novel dietary ingredients are currently under evaluation for potential incorporation in aquafeeds in an effort to shift the aquaculture sector toward a more sustainable and economic production. The present review aims to summarize the existing findings regarding the effects of studied alternatives to fishmeal and fish oil on the most valuable and commercially produced marine (Sparus aurata and Dicentrarchus labrax) and freshwater (Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus mykiss) finfish species in European aquaculture. Alternative protein sources, including macroalage (marine plants), krill (marine fishery), insects (terrestrial), terrestrial animal by-products (processed/rendered), and single cell ingredient (biotechnology), are discussed for their efficiency in promoting the growth and the welfare of both fry and adult cultured finfish species. Applicability of these ingredients is reviewed in terms of nutrient composition, dietary inclusion level, performance output, digestibility, and health benefits. In addition, a meta-analysis was conducted based on data from peer-reviewed scientific publications in order to assess whether novel ingredients meet the dietary protein (amino acid) and lipid requirements of finfishes. Aquafeed reformulation strategies should ensure the recommended daily nutritional requirements and additionally indicate the meta-analysis alternatives, such as microalgae, which are deficient in essential amino acids. The sustainable expansion of aquaculture is on the horizon, but which novel ingredients may be regarded as the key drivers to its establishment?publishedVersio
MERKrabBART - Dyrevelferd og hygiene ved merking og levendelagring av kongekrabbe og snøkrabbe
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JustFish Understanding and Preventing Fisheries Crime in Norway
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