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Økt verdiskapning og standardisering av hvitfiskmel basert på restråstoff om bord i norske fabrikktrålere - Faglig sluttrapport
Get PDFProsjektet er gjennomført i nært samarbeid med rederiene Halstensen Granit, Ramoen og Strand Havfiske og har omfattet: • Kartlegging av næringsstoffer (protein, aminosyrer, vitaminer, mineraler og fettsyrer) i hvitfiskmel og olje • Dokumentering av lagringsstabilitet og kontroll av bakterieforekomst og oksidasjon • Vurdering av variasjon i de sensoriske egenskapene lukt og farge • Kartlegging av fremmedstoffer iht. grenseverdi • Rutiner for produksjon av hvitfiskmel som sikrer jevn og forutsigbar hygienisk kvalitet • Kosteffektive alternativer for økt proteininnhold i fiskemelet Full utnyttelse av alt restråstoff innen hvitfiskindustrien har et verdiskapningspotensiale på 740 mill. NOK og innen havgående flåte alene 400 mill. NOK (basert på hhv. 144.000 og 77.000 tonn ikke utnyttet restråstoff). Et utvidet sammendrag er gitt i starten av rapportenØkt verdiskapning og standardisering av hvitfiskmel basert på restråstoff om bord i norske fabrikktrålere - Faglig sluttrapportpublishedVersio
Fangstskadevurdering av snurrevadfisk
Get PDFTidlig på 2000-tallet ble det utviklet en metode, «Fangstskadeindeks», for systematisk og standardisert registrering av ytre skader som kan oppstå på torsk fisket med garn, line, snurrevad og jukse, skader som har betydning for kvaliteten til sluttproduktet. Det har i ettertid vist seg at snurrevadfanget fisk har flere innvendige skader enn fisk fanget med f.eks. garn, og disse skadene registreres ikke ved bruk av fangstskadeindeksen. Særlig gjelder det forekomst av blod nær svømmeblæra. Innledende forsøk som ble gjennomført i 2020 viste at disse skadene forekom langt hyppigere på stor snurrevadfanget fisk, og at de er mest fremtredende på fisk over 8 kg. Det vil derfor være utfordrende å gi riktig råstoffvurdering av snurrevadfanget torsk ved bruk av den tidligere utviklede fangstskadeindeksen. Gjennom kartlegging av skader på snurrevadfanget fisk, og evaluering av ulike råstoffvurderinger, er det utført en revidering av fangstskadeindeksen slik at den også er egnet for evaluering av snurrevadfanget fisk.publishedVersio
Seasonal Variation in the Element Composition of Dried, Powdered Green Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) from Northern Norway
Get PDFIn many countries, such as Norway, there are vast quantities of sea urchins that have formed barrens over large areas of the coastline. Research has shown that removal of sufficient quantities of sea urchins from these barrens can lead to them reverting to a macroalgae forest. Identifying the chemical composition of sea urchins for various uses, such as agricultural fertiliser, would incentivise this sea urchin removal. This study investigates the composition of sea urchins and whether the composition varies when sea urchin collection sites vary both geographically and temporally. Sea urchins were collected from three sites within 10 km of each other in northern Norway at three times through the year. The sea urchins were dried, crushed, powdered, and analysed for nutrient content. An elemental analysis from the sea urchin samples showed high calcium and relatively high magnesium levels; smaller relative quantities of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium were also found. Micronutrients such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) were found. More importantly, both primary, macro-, and micronutrients showed high variability when collected from different sites and at different times of the year. This will be a critical consideration when investigating the use of this product as a plant fertiliser or for any other use.Seasonal Variation in the Element Composition of Dried, Powdered Green Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) from Northern NorwaypublishedVersio
The acute efect of a β-glucan-enriched oat bread on gastric emptying, GLP-1 response, and postprandial glycaemia and insulinemia: a randomised crossover trial in healthy adults
Get PDFBackground The cereal fbre β-glucan reduces postprandial glycaemia, however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the acute efect of a β-glucan-enriched oat bread on gastric emptying half-time (T1/2), gastric emptying lag phase (Tlag), and gastric emptying rate (GER), and the secre‑ tion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) as potential means to infuence postprandial glycaemia. Methods A randomised crossover trial was conducted in 22 healthy adults (age 24.6±3.1 years, BMI 23.1±2.7 kg/m2 ) receiving 25 g available carbohydrates from a β-glucan-enriched oat bread or a control whole-wheat bread at two non-consecutive days. T1/2, Tlag, and GER were determined based on ultrasound measures of the cross-sectional gas‑ tric antrum area in the fasting state and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min postprandially. Capillary glucose, serum insulin, and plasma GLP-1 concentrations were measured at the same time points. Results A biphasic pattern of gastric emptying with a distinct Tlag before the commencement of emptying was observed in most subjects for both bread types. While no diferences in GER were evident (p=0.562), consump‑ tion of the oat bread signifcantly increased T1/2 by 18 min and Tlag by 14 min compared with the whole-wheat bread (p=0.005 and p=0.010, respectively). In addition, the oat bread signifcantly reduced iAUC2h for glucose and insulin responses compared with the whole-wheat bread (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). There were no signifcant dif‑ ferences in GLP-1 response between the two breads (p=0.892). Conclusion The increased T1/2 and Tlag could ofer a potential mechanism for the observed attenuation of postpran‑ dial glycaemia and insulinemia after consumption of the β-glucan-enriched oat bread compared with the wholewheat bread. Trial registration: The study is registered at clinicaltrails.gov (NCT04571866). Keywords Oats, β-glucans, Gastric emptying, Ultrasound, Postprandial responses, Glycaemia, Insulinemia, Gastrointestinal hormonesThe acute efect of a β-glucan-enriched oat bread on gastric emptying, GLP-1 response, and postprandial glycaemia and insulinemia: a randomised crossover trial in healthy adultspublishedVersio
The effect of soluble gas stabilization and high-pressure processing on rehydrated dried salt-cured cod vacuum packaged in bio-based bags
Get PDFThis study evaluates the combination of soluble gas stabilization (SGS) and high-pressure processing (HPP) as hurdle technology on rehydrated clip fish (dried salt-cured cod) packaged in bio-based materials. The factors studied include SGS/non-SGS, pressure at 400MPa/600MPa (5 min, 8-9 °C) and vacuum packaging with conventional/bio-based material. Stored over 48 d at 4 °C, the investigated parameters were drip loss, water and protein content, free amino acid (FAA) composition, colour, texture, pH and microbiological shelf life. Results revealed minimal differences in quality between packaging materials. The SGS-treated samples gave higher drip loss, lower water but higher protein and FAA content, and a softer texture. Nevertheless, adding CO2 prior to HPP significantly extended the product’s microbiological shelf life compared to only HPP. Therefore, using a more environmentally friendly bio-based packaging material is feasible while undergoing mild treatments like the combination of SGS and HPP at a lower treatment pressure for shelf-life extension.publishedVersio
Starting high or low in English auctions? The case of frozen saithe in Norway
Get PDFThis study investigates the role of starting prices in sequentially ascending (English) auctions. Applying binary logit and hedonic price models on a unique data set comprising 8217 auctioned lots of frozen saithe, an important species in Norwegian fisheries, we find support for three hypotheses; that low starting prices will lead to a higher share of successful auctions, a higher number of participating bidders, and higher final prices. These results indicate that starting prices in English auctions are important for both seller revenue and auction efficiency and are important with respect to strategic behavior in auction markets for food commodities.Starting high or low in English auctions? The case of frozen saithe in NorwaypublishedVersio
Computational Test for Conditional Independence
Get PDFAbstract Conditional Independence (CI) testing is fundamental in statistical analysis. For example, CI testing helps validate causal graphs or longitudinal data analysis with repeated measures in causal inference. CI testing is difficult, especially when testing involves categorical variables conditioned on a mixture of continuous and categorical variables. Current parametric and non-parametric testing methods are designed for continuous variables and can quickly fall short in the categorical case. This paper presents a computational approach for CI testing suited for categorical data types, which we call computational conditional independence (CCI) testing. The test procedure is based on permutation and combines machine learning prediction algorithms and Monte Carlo cross-validation. We evaluated the approach through simulation studies and assessed the performance against alternative methods: the generalized covariance measure test, the kernel conditional independence test, and testing with multinomial regression. We find that the computational approach to testing has utility over the alternative methods, achieving better control over type I error rates. We hope this work can expand the toolkit for CI testing for practitioners and researchers. Keywords: conditional independence; computational hypothesis testing; categorical variables; graphical models; causal inferencepublishedVersio
Use of whole-genome sequence data for fine mapping and genomic prediction of sea louse resistance in Atlantic salmon
Get PDFSea louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a significant challenge in aquaculture. Over the years, this parasite has developed immunity to medicinal control compounds, and non-medicinal control methods have been proven to be stressful, hence the need to study the genomic architecture of salmon resistance to sea lice. Thus, this research used wholegenome sequence (WGS) data to study the genetic basis of the trait since most research using fewer SNPs did not identify significant quantitative trait loci. Mowi Genetics AS provided the genotype (50 k SNPs) and phenotype data for this research after conducting a sea lice challenge test on 3,185 salmon smolts belonging to 191 full-sib families. The 50 k SNP genotype was imputed to WGS using the information from 197 closely related individuals with sequence data. The WGS and 50 k SNPs of the challenged population were then used to estimate genetic parameters, perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS), predict genomic breeding values, and estimate its accuracy for host resistance to sea lice. The heritability of host resistance to sea lice was estimated to be 0.21 and 0.22, while the accuracy of genomic prediction was estimated to be 0.65 and 0.64 for array and WGS data, respectively. In addition, the association test using both array and WGS data did not identify any marker associated with sea lice resistance at the genome-wide level. We conclude that sea lice resistance is a polygenic trait that is moderately heritable. The genomic predictions using medium-density SNP genotyping array were equally good or better than those based on WGS data.publishedVersio
