NOFIMA Repository
Not a member yet
2784 research outputs found
Sort by
Validation and genetic parameters of the X-ray method for phenotyping individual feed intake in Atlantic salmon
Get PDFFeed efficiency is a highly desirable breeding goal trait as it can potentially reduce the relative economic cost of feed and concurrently reduce the environmental footprint of fish production. However, recording feed intake is a bottleneck in Atlantic salmon production. We recorded feed intake in 700 Atlantic salmon parr from 34 full sibling families using the X-ray method, where fish were fed feed containing radio-opaque beads and subsequently X-ray imaged one time after a full meal corresponding to the daily ration. In parallel, we cultured siblings from the same 35 families in duplicate family tanks of 25 individuals per tank and recorded the daily feed intake of each family at the tank level, which is known as the gold standard tank-based method. The heritability estimate for daily feed intake in Atlantic salmon using the X-ray method was significantly different from zero (0.19 ± 0.06) and was genetically correlated to growth-related traits (rg = 0.48–0.81). Daily feed intake at the family level with the X-ray method was highly genetically correlated to the daily feed intake traits using the tank-based feeding method at 0.78–0.82, depending on whether the comparison was made at a common time, common weight, or cumulative feed intake for the entire period. Whilst the X-ray method holds promise for research on the genetic background of feed intake and feed efficiency, more studies are needed to investigate the feasibility during the sea phase of Atlantic salmon production.publishedVersio
Development and Characterization of Poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) with Cowpea Lignocellulosic Fibers as a Filler via Injection Molding and Extrusion Film-Casting
Get PDFpublishedVersio
Use of face reading to measure oral processing behaviour and its relation to product perception
Get PDFFood texture can influence sensory perception and eating behaviour; it can be managed to affect intake, by inducing higher expected satiety and satiation, and eventually reducing overeating. The objective of this work was to assess face reading as an automatic measure of oral processing behaviour of products with different texture modifications, aimed at reducing intake. Three oat breads with different textural properties were used as a case study. A trained panel used Temporal Dominance of Sensations to describe dynamic sensory profiles of the breads and were simultaneously video recorded; the videos were analysed by FaceReader (intake, chewing motions, chewing period). The parameters extracted through face reading showed significant differences among the breads in duration of chewing period and number of chewing motions, which can be interpreted together with the TDS results. A consumer test (n = 135) was conducted on the breads, where participants evaluated overall liking, expected satiation and satiety, and answered a Check-All-That-Apply question including sensory and non-sensory attributes. Results indicated that the samples were significantly different in terms of liking, expected satiation and satiety and that consumers described samples in CATA question in line with the panel. Results interpreted together allowed the identification of the dynamic textural properties responsible for enhancing satiety and satiation expectations. Methodological implications are discussed throughout the paper. The novelty of the study is to show that automatic measures of oral processing behaviour by face reading, can be linked to self-reported explicit measures of satiety, opening the door to larger studies, unfeasible using manual annotation.publishedVersionpublishedVersio
Mucosal organs exhibit distinct response signatures to hydrogen sulphide in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Get PDFHydrogen sulphide (H2S) is considered an immunotoxicant, and its presence in the water can influence the mucosal barrier functions of fish. However, there is a significant knowledge gap on how fish mucosa responds to low environmental H2S levels. The present study investigated the consequences of prolonged exposure to sub-lethal levels of H2S on the mucosal defences of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Fish were continuously exposed to two levels of H2S (low: 0.05 µM; and high: 0.12 µM) for 12 days. Unexposed fish served as control. Molecular and histological profiling focused on the changes in the skin, gills and olfactory rosette. In addition, metabolomics and proteomics were performed on the skin and gill mucus. The gene expression profile indicated that the gills and olfactory rosette were more sensitive to H2S than the skin. The olfactory rosette showed a dose-dependent response, but not the gills. Genes related to stress responses were triggered at mucosal sites by H2S. Moreover, H2S elicited strong inflammatory responses, particularly in the gills. All mucosal organs demonstrated the key molecular repertoire for sulphide detoxification, but their temporal and spatial expression was not substantially affected by sub-lethal H2S levels. Mucosal barrier integrity was not considerably affected by H2S. Mucus metabolomes of the skin and gills were unaffected, but a matrix-dependent response was identified. Comparing the high-concentration group's skin and gills mucus metabolomes identified altered amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism pathways. The skin and gill mucus exhibited distinct proteomic profiles. Enrichment analysis revealed that proteins related to immunity and metabolism were affected in both mucus matrices. The present study expands our knowledge of the defence mechanisms against H2S at mucosal sites in Atlantic salmon. The findings offer insights into the health and welfare consequences of sub-lethal H2S, which can be incorporated into the risk assessment protocols in salmon land-based farms.publishedVersio
The antimicrobial and photothermal response of copper sulfide particles with distinct size and morphology
Get PDFpublishedVersio
Effects of capture-related stress and pre-freezing holding in refrigerated sea water (RSW) on the muscle quality and storage stability of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) during subsequent frozen storage
Get PDFCrowded (stressed) and unstressed Atlantic mackerel with or without pre-freezing holding in refrigerated sea water (RSW) were stored at −19 °C for ∼12 months and analysed for nucleotide degradation (K value), muscle pH, water holding capacity (WHC), fillet firmness, cathepsin B/L like activity, lipid oxidation and fillet colour. The frozen storage showed the largest and most consistent direct effects on the quality metrics leading to increased lipid oxidation, discolouration (yellowing) and reduction on WHC and cathepsin activity. RSW treatment promoted nucleotide degradation and reduced WHC and fillet firmness in interaction with frozen storage and affected fillet colour lightness and saturation. Although showing only marginal main effects, crowding stress modified WHC, cathepsin activity and fillet firmness and colour through significant interactions with the frozen storage and RSW treatment. Further studies with larger sample sizes would be needed to elucidate their complex effects and interactions on the quality and storage stability of mackerel.Effects of capture-related stress and pre-freezing holding in refrigerated sea water (RSW) on the muscle quality and storage stability of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) during subsequent frozen storagepublishedVersio
Metoder for påvisning av Listeria i mat og produksjonsmiljø – Faglig sluttrapport
Get PDFDagens referansemetode for påvisning av Listeria monocytogenes tar minimum to dager før man får et endelig svar. Dette reduserer mulighetene for å gjøre risikoreduserende tiltak. Prosjektet har kartlagt dagens kommersielle metoder og gitt en oversikt over nye teknologier og metoder for å vurdere om det er teknologisk mulig å få påvisningstiden ned til 20-30 minutter. Dagens raskeste validerte metode (real-time PCR) tar 20 timer hvorav 90% av tiden er oppformeringstrinnet og 10% er påvisningstrinnet. Dersom teknologiske barrierer overkommes og markedet etterspør det, kan det i framtiden være mulig å komme ned på en analysetid på 8-10 timer. Dette vil bety at en stor andel laks- og ørretbedrifter kan varsle renholdere før neste renhold og holde tilbake produkter før de når markedet. Det kan være mulig å utvikle metodikk med kortere tid før analysesvar, i beste fall ned mot 30 minutter, men den vil være mindre sensitiv enn regelverket krever. Denne typen tester vil likevel kunne være et nyttig tillegg til ISO-validerte metoder. Nye metoder bør i tillegg til hurtighet fokusere på å skille mellom levende og døde bakterier, samt gi mer enn bare et positivt eller negativt svar, dvs. genotyping.Metoder for påvisning av Listeria i mat og produksjonsmiljø – Faglig sluttrapportpublishedVersio
Life cycle assessment of culture media with alternative compositions for cultured meat production
Get PDFAbstract Purpose Cultured meat is produced by cultivating animal cells in a bioreactor in a culture medium that provides nutrients and growth factors. Among other animal sera, fetal bovine serum (FBS) has traditionally been the most common used in the culture medium of mammalian cell cultures, i.e., 10% FBS medium that contains 10% FBS and 90% DMEM/F12 (v/v). As the aim of cultured meat is to replace livestock production, animal component-free culture media needs to be developed. Methods We analyzed the environmental impact of replacing the 10% FBS culture medium with serum substitutes, i.e., growth factors, Essential 8™, protein hydrolysates from egg-white, eggshell membrane, poultry residues, pork plasma, and pea concentrate, and Tri-basal 2.0+ITS medium that contains fbroblast growth factor (FGF-2), fetuin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and insulin transferrin selenium (ITS). Life cycle assessment with a cradle-to-gate approach was used to quantify global warming potential, freshwater and marine eutrophication, terrestrial acidifcation, land use, water consumption, fossil resource scarcity, particulate matter formation, cumulative energy demand, and ozone formation of preparing 1-L culture medium. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the impact changes under various production conditions including variations in the impact allocation strategy, production location, and energy sourcing. Results and discussion The 2% FBS medium (2% FBS, 96% DMEM/F12, and 2% growth factors (v/v)) reduced all environmental impacts where marine eutrophication had the highest reduction (77%), while land use was the least afected with a reduction of 6%. The Tri-basal 2.0+ITS and protein hydrolysates media reduced most of the analyzed environmental impacts. Protein hydrolysates from egg-white had the lowest environmental impacts reducing 81% global warming potential, 28% water consumption, 59% fossil scarcity, 87% eutrophying emissions, 91% terrestrial acidifcation, 82% particulate matter, and 70% ozone formation, compared to FBS-containing medium. Land use and energy demand were reduced the most by 17 and 37%, respectively, when the 10% FBS medium was replaced with the Tri-basal 2.0+ITS medium. Conclusions Changing the input of FBS in culture media from 10 to 2% (v/v) reduced all studied environmental impacts. Further reductions were achieved when FBS was totally replaced by basal media DMEM/F12, Essential 8™, protein hydrolysates, and recombinant growth factors. Land use was the least reduced, as it was driven by starch extraction to produce glucose for the DMEM/ F12 basal medium. Culture medium with protein hydrolysates from egg-white achieved the highest impact reductions compared with the FBS-containing medium.publishedVersio
Does the processing of black soldier fly larvae meal affect the amino acid solubility in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)?
Get PDFpublishedVersio
Markedstilpasset norsk mathveteproduksjon: Tilpasninger i klasseinndelingen for å øke utnyttelsen av norsk mathvete
Get PDFDenne fagrapporten beskriver hvordan vi kan få en mer markedstilpasset mathveteproduksjon som legger til rette for økt norskandel, med 90% som det langsiktige målet. Arbeidet er gjennomført sammen med etterspørselssiden i kornverdikjeden (møller og bakerier). Rapporten beskriver bransjens behov for tilgang på mengde og kvaliteter av mathvete. På bakgrunn av dette er det utarbeidet et forslag til ny klasseinndeling som vil samsvare bedre med industriens behov og gi en bedre utnyttelse av norsk mathvete. Arbeidet er utført i nært samarbeid med verdikjeden for mathvete der faglige, men også strategiske og økonomiske vurderinger er lagt til grunn. Det er foreslått fire definerte klasser (A-D) for norsk mathvete med tydelige forskjeller i proteinkvalitet og proteininnhold, og som normalt vil kunne dekke de store volumene av industriens behov. I tillegg er det pekt på muligheter for å kunne sortere ut kvaliteter med svakt gluten og lavt proteininnhold eller svært sterkt gluten og høyt proteininnhold etter behov i den enkelte sesong. Det nye forslaget bygger fortsatt på klassetillegg/trekk og proteinbetaling som viktige verktøy for å oppnå markedstilpasning med hensyn til kvalitet og kvanta. Rapporten diskuterer også muligheter for å oppnå en god balanse mellom kvaliteter som blir produsert i forhold til behovet, og peker på viktige markeds- og prissignaler i verdikjeden.Markedstilpasset norsk mathveteproduksjon: Tilpasninger i klasseinndelingen for å øke utnyttelsen av norsk mathvetepublishedVersio