Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional: Jurnal BATAN
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Observation of Schrinkage Indications in Excavator’s Bracket Casting Using Film Based Radiography
Full text linkExperimental studies have been conducted to examine the casting quality of the excavator’s bracket sample using film-based conventional radiography. Referenced standards are ASME Section V Article 2 and/or ASME E94 about radiographic examination. There are 26 areas that have been exposured for the entire surface of the bracket sample. Under viewing, area number 13 revealed the most severe defects. Therefore area number 13 is discussed in this study. Area number 13 of the bracket sample with the thickness of 16 mm was exposured using Co-60 gamma rays radiation source with activity of 80 Ci. The exposure was performed from the distance of 360 mm for 27 second. The D7 medium speed radiographic film was used to record the latent image of the exposured sample. The exposured film was then developed in chemical solutions to convert the latent image into permanent image or radiograph. The radiograph is analyzed using a light viewer to see whether there are any indications in the sample being examined. Under viewing, indications of distributed shrinkage in the casting body were apparently observed. These indications are fall into category of C4 according to the radiograph album of ASME E446 standard for steel casting with thickness up to 2 in. (50.8 mm). Defects of C4 are categorized as bad. The experiment concludes that the casting quality of the excavator’s bracket is poor and it is recommended that the bracket should be repaired and re-tested radiographically. Otherwise, the bracket sample is prohibited to use for services because of unsafe reason
Ketahanan Galur Mutan Kedelai Hitam (Glycine max L. Merr.) Terhadap Hama Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera litura)
Full text linkDalam budidaya kedelai, salah satu hama utama yang dianggap merugikan adalah ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura). Di Indonesia, serangan ulat grayak pada fase pertumbuhan vegetatif kedelai menurunkan hasil sampai dengan 80%, dan pada serangan yang berat dapat menyebabkan kegagalan panen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi ketahanan terhadap ulat grayak pada galur-galur mutan kedelai hitam. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balitkabi Malang pada bulan November 2019 hingga Februari 2020. Materi genetik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 13 galur mutan kedelai hitam, varietas Detam 1 (tetua), varietas Mutiara 3 (kontrol nasional), G100H (kontrol pembanding tahan) dan varietas Anjasmoro (kontrol pembanding rentan). Penelitian disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan masing-masing perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Berdasarkan data akhir pengujian, dari 15 genotipe yang diuji, yaitu 11 galur mutan kedelai hitam A-1-PSJ, A-2-PSJ, A-3-PSJ, A-4-PSJ, A-7-PSJ, A-8-PSJ, A-8A-PSJ, B-2-PAIR, B-4-PAIR, varietas Detam 1, dan varietas Mutiara 3 menunjukkan respon ketahanan rendah (LR), 3 galur mutan kedelai hitam (B-1-PAIR, B-3-PAIR, B-5-PAIR) menunjukkan respon ketahanan menengah (MR), dan 1 galur mutan (A-5-PSJ) menunjukkan respon rentan (S) terhadap serangan ulat grayak. G100H sebagai kontrol tahan menunjukkan respon ketahanan menengah (MR) dan varietas Anjasmoro sebagai kontrol rentan menunjukkan respon ekstrim rentan (ES)
INVESTIGATION OF AG AND PD FISSION PRODUCTS PENETRATION DEPTH IN ZRC LAYER OF HTGR TRISO FUEL PARTICLE USING SRIM/TRIM MONTE CARLO SIMULATION
Full text linkHigh-temperature gas-cooled Reactors (HTGRs) is one type of Generation IV reactor that uses TRISO (tri-structural isotropic) coated-fuel particles (CFP) for containment of radioactive fission products, which is produced from the fission reaction of UO2 fuel. ZrC has been proposed to be the main barrier for containing fission products either as a replacement of the SiC layer or as an additional layer of the TRISO fuel particle to overcome the corrosion issue of SiC because of interaction with the fission product of silver (Ag) and palladium (Pd). ZrC is an excellent material because it has good physical and nuclear properties, i.e., high corrosion-resistant, excellent thermal shock resistance and a small cross-section for neutron capture. ZrC is expected to provide a better barrier against Ag and Pd diffusion attacks than SiC. However, ZrC is very challenging to manufacture, so it depends on factors such as microstructure, chemical composition and interactions, morphology and impurities. Many attempts have been made to study the interaction phenomena of Ag and Pd with ZrC that cause corrosion. Here, the penetration depth of those two fission products was studied using SRIM (Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter) /TRIM (TRansport of Ions in Matter) for simulation with 0.1-10 MeV of kinetic energies. The results provide detailed information about the Ag/ZrC and Pd/ZrC Ion Ranges and Doses. In addition, Ag and Pd’s products of the depth and concentration within ZrC were observed as important first steps in understanding the corrosion phenomena of her ZrC layers in TRISO particles
Pengaruh Iradiasi Gamma Terhadap Daya Simpan Daun Pisang Tanpa Vakum
Full text linkDaun pisang merupakan komoditas pertanian yang dapat diekspor ke luar negeri dan memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi. Ekspor daun pisang biasanya memakan waktu yang lama karena diberlakukannya proses karantina. Badan Karantina Pertanian menganjurkan penggunaan iradiasi gamma untuk memperpanjang daya simpan komoditas pertanian saat diekspor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pra-perlakuan dengan pembersihan menggunakan lap kain, iradiasi gamma, dan tanpa penggunaan vakum pada daya simpan daun pisang. Tahapan penelitian ini terdiri dari preparasi sampel (perlakuan lap (L) dan non-lap (NL)), iradiasi gamma (0, 250, 500, dan 1000 Gy), analisis proksimat, Total Plate Count (TPC), intensitas warna, dan % kerusakan daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan iradiasi gamma mempengaruhi daya simpan daun pisang pada dosis tertentu dengan perlakuan NL. Berdasarkan hasil analisis proksimat, pemberian iradiasi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air, bahan kering, bahan organik, dan bahan abu pada daun pisang. Perbandingan TPC menunjukkan dosis 500 dan 1000 Gy mampu mengurangi hingga membunuh mikroorganisme pada semua perlakuan, namun hal ini tidak berpengaruh terhadap persentase kerusakan daun. Nilai intensitas warna pada hari ke-14 menunjukkan dosis 250 Gy pada perlakuan NL di semua sisi memiliki nilai L* lebih rendah dibandingkan 0 Gy (kontrol). Terjadi penurunan persentase kerusakan pada sampel daun pisang dosis 250 Gy di hari ke-14. Iradiasi dosis 250 Gy dengan perlakuan NL dapat menahan kerusakan daun pisang hingga 13,7%
THE VELOCITY MODEL IDENTIFICATION IN EARTHQUAKES PARAMETERS DETERMINATION IN THE NEAR REGIONAL OF THE BANGKA NPP CANDIDATE SITE
Full text linkCollecting information and earthquake investigation must be carried out to ensure the safety of the nuclear installation candidate site from seismic aspects. Accurate earthquake location data is essential for seismological studies. The accuracy must be improved from the velocity model factor in determining earthquake parameters in a limited number of stations and less azimuth coverage. The study aims to get the most appropriate velocity model for determining earthquake parameters in the near regional of the Bangka NPP candidate site. The study uses earthquake seismic data in Bangka seismic network with variations of the H-S, Crust 2.0, and TPI velocity models to determine earthquake parameters. The most appropriate velocity model is determined based on the comparison with BMKG results and the smallest errors in identifying earthquake parameters. The results show almost the same epicenter and origin time but different earthquake depths. The TPI velocity model best represents the velocity model in the near regional of the Bangka NPP candidate site. TPI falls into the criteria of tectonic earthquake type and most errors (latitude, longitude, and depth) in earthquake parameters determination are the smallest among other velocity models
EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES OF ROSELLE (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn)
Full text linkGamma irradiation is widely used in herbal medicine industries as an efficient preservative method in reducing microorganism contaminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation at the doses of 5; 7.5; and 10 kGy on H. sabdariffa ethanolic extract (HS-EE). The Co-60 was used for irradiation the samples. The phytochemical content of HS-EE was carried out by total microorganism analysis using dilution method, TPC by Follin-Cicalteu method, TFC by aluminium chloride colorimetric method, antioxidant activity using DPPH method, TLC profiling on silica gel F254, in vitro anticancer activity using A-549, HUT-78, and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. The irradiation at 10 kGy caused the total bacteria decreased, while dose of 5 kGy could eliminate the total mold. Irradiation at 5 kGy caused TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity decreased by 5-11%. TLC chromatograms analysis confirmed that one of the compounds contained in HS-EE was quercetin. The HS-EE has the strongest anticancer property against HUT-78 (IC50 10.51 µg/mL) followed by against MCF-7 (IC50 13.39 µg/mL), and A-549 (IC50 14.19 µg/mL). It can be concluded that irradiation at a dose of 10 kGy could remove total bacteria and molds, decreasing the phytochemical content and anticancer activities of HS-EE. It is recommended to increase the active ingredient level in the formulation
EFEKTIVITAS DESORPSI CESIUM OLEH SURFAKTAN KATIONIK BERDASARKAN STRUKTUR HIDROFILIKNYA PADA MONTMORILLONIT K10
Full text linkPenelitian ini membahas efisiensi desorpsi cesium (Cs) dari sampel montmorillonit K10 (MMTK10) yang telah dikontaminasi oleh Cs sebelumnya (MMTK10/Cs) menggunakan desorben surfaktan kationik benzyldodecyldimethylammonium bromida (BDAB) dan dodecyltrimethylammonium bromida (DTAB), serta HCl sebagai kontrol desorben. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa surfaktan kationik, terutama pada konsentrasi tinggi 20-50 mM, memiliki efisiensi desorpsi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan HCl, dengan efisiensi mencapai 80-90%. Mekanisme ini dikaitkan dengan kemampuan surfaktan kationik untuk membentuk misel ketika konsentrasinya melebihi nilai konsentrasi kritis misel (KKM) atau pada konsentrasi tinggi, yang memfasilitasi pertukaran ion dengan Cs pada permukaan MMTK10/Cs. Namun, tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dalam efisiensi desorpsi Cs antara BDAB dan DTAB, meskipun struktur hidrofilik BDAB lebih besar. Hal ini berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya pada montmorillonit lainnya dimana semakin besar struktur hidrofilik surfaktan yang digunakan, semakin besar interlayer montmorillonit terbuka akibat masuknya surfaktan besar itu pada interlayer sehingga mendorong desorpsi Cs dengan jumlah yang lebih besar. Akan tetapi pada penelitian ini tidak adanya perbedaan efisiensi desorpsi Cs dari kedua surfaktan lebih disebabkan karena struktur clay MMTK10 itu sendiri yang tidak memiliki kemampuan pengembangan atau pembesaran interlayer, akibat perlakuan suhu saat produksinya sebelum dijual kepasaran. Selain itu, kesamaan panjang rantai ekor hidrofobik antara BDAB dan DTAB berkontribusi pada kesamaan hasil desorpsi Cs dari kedua surfaktan tersebut. Kesimpulannya, sifat dan struktur surfaktan kationik mempengaruhi proses desorpsi Cs, tetapi karakteristik spesifik dari montmorillonit atau clay yang digunakan juga berperan penting dalam mekanisme desorpsi ini.Kata kunci: Desorpsi Cs, surfaktan kationik, interlayer montmorillonit
SAFETY INTEGRITY LEVEL ASSESSMENT AT URANIUM EVAPORATOR AND DEPOSITION VESSEL IN NON NUCLEAR REACTOR INSTALLATIONS
Full text linkThe operation of non-reactor nuclear installations that use nuclear material in the process must be ensured safely during the process. One of the assessments of the safety level of the protection system that has been owned by the installation is using the Safety Integrity Level (SIL) which assesses the safety level of the protection system based on the value of the risk reduction factor that the protection system can achieve. The uranium evaporator and deposition vessel at the Experimental Fuel Element Installation (EFEI) is one of the installations that uses nuclear material in the process so it is necessary to assess the SIL of these 2 vessels. The piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is used to determine the SIL value and Safety Instrumented System (SIS) component are installed in evaporator and deposition vessel. Maintenance data and OREDA (Offshore Reliability Data) are used to determine the failure rate. After knowing and determining the installed SIS components, then determining the architecture vote of the Safety Instrumented Function (SIF) based on the P&ID diagram, so that it can be known that the installed SIS uses vote 1oo1, 1oo2, 1oo3, or the appropriate vote. The installed SIF architecture vote will determine the equation used to calculate the Probability Failure on Demand (PFD). The total PFD obtained is adjusted to the SIL table to find out what SIL level the installed protection system is at. The value of the safety level of the protection system with SIL assessment in the evaporator vessel obtained 2 protection systems with SIL values of level 2 all and in the deposition vessel obtained 2 protection systems with SIL values of level 1 and level 2. The SIL value in the evaporator and deposition vessel analyzed has not reached level 3 or 4, so it is necessary to add SIF to the SIS protection system to increase the SIL value until the SIL value is obtained between level 3 or 4 because safety in the operation of non-reactor nuclear installations is absolute.Keywords: Non-Reactor Nuclear Installations, PFD, SIF, SIL, SI
ANALISIS KRITIKALITAS PROSES HYDRIDING SERTA PENYIMPANAN PADUAN UMo DAN UZr SEBAGAI KANDIDAT BAHAN BAKAR REAKTOR RISET MENGGUNAKAN OPENMC
Full text linkPenelitian bahan bakar reaktor riset saat ini mengarah pada peningkatan densitas uranium untuk menghasilkan fluks neutron yang lebih tinggi dalam rangka peningkatan produksi radioisotop serta efisiensi dan akurasi pada berbagai pengujian material. Pengembangan bahan bakar nuklir di Indonesia saat ini dalam rangka peningkatan densitas uranium salah satunya adalah pengembangan UMo dan UZr. Salah satu proses pembuatan serbuk UMo dan UZr adalah melalui proses hydriding-dehydriding yang melibatkan uranium diperkaya, serta gas hidrogen bertekanan tinggi. Kombinasi tersebut menghadirkan potensi kecelakaan kritikalitas yang harus diperhitungkan sebelumnya. Perhitungan kritikalitas dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak OpenMC, yaitu sebuah simulasi fisika nuklir yang menggunakan metode Monte Carlo. Dalam simulasi ini digunakan dua jenis paduan, yaitu U7Mo dan U6Zr. Simulasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan 10.000 partikel dan 44 batch sebagai pengaturan parameter. Dari hasil simulasi diperoleh nilai keff untuk paduan U7Mo adalah sebesar 0,0297, sedangkan untuk U6Zr adalah sebesar 0,0314. Kedua nilai tersebut jauh di bawah nilai kritis yang mengindikasikan bahwa potensi kecelakaan kritikalitas sangat rendah. Pada simulasi penyimpanan hasil proses hidriding, terdapat potensi terjadi kecelakaan kritikalitas jika botol penyimpanan diletakkan dalam posisi berdekatan tanpa diberi jarak. Untuk mengatasi risiko tersebut, setiap botol harus diberi jarak aman dan perlu adanya batasan massa uranium per satuan volume yang diijinkan.Kata kunci: U7Mo, U6Zr, kritikalitas, hydriding, monte carlo, openMC
THERMAL POWER CALIBRATION OF TRIGA 2000 RESEARCH REACTOR
Full text linkThe thermal power calibration of the TRIGA 2000 research reactor is very important to get the accuracy of power and neutron flux. The TRIGA 2000 research reactor in Bandung has undergone fuel reshuffling and therefore requires thermal power calibration. Thermal power calibration has been conducted by calorimetric method; it is performed at 100 kW – 500 kW using 7 thermocouples connected to a data logger. The computed average power was lower than the indicated power shown in the control room for all power generation. When observing channel 1 for each power generation, a higher precision can be seen at 500 kW since the calibration process was carried out sequentially from 100 kW to 500 kW while the stirring process was continually operated. The treatment led to a uniform temperature distribution over time. Each measurement channel exhibited inconsistent deviations, indicating that certain power levels had better accuracy in some channels compared to others. This demonstrates that the accuracy of power calculations is not determined by the measurement position