Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB): Sistema Eletrônico de Editoração de Revistas
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Erosive Effect of Long-Term Liquid Oral Pediatric Medicines on Permanent Tooth Enamel
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate in vitro the erosive effect of long-term liquid oral pediatric medicines on human enamel teeth and the preventive action of fluoride in an erosive challenge. Material and Methods: Three commonly used medicines were selected for this study, and their endogenous pH was measured in triplicate. Thirty permanent tooth enamel specimens were prepared and divided into six groups (n=5): E1 (Zetalerg), E2 (Betamethasone), E3 (Anemifer), E4 (Anemifer+Duraphat), E5 (Coke), and E6 (artificial saliva). Specimens were immersed in 5 ml of medicine solution for 5 min, 2x/ day for 12 days, and stored in artificial saliva at 37°C between immersions. Data analysis was performed according to the enamel surface morphology using SEM. Results: The medicines showed an acidic pH range from 2.09 to 4.14. All the specimens exposed to pediatric medicines presented some pit-like erosion pattern under SEM analysis, except for the E4 group. The degree of destruction was inversely proportional to pH formulation values. Morphology alterations could be ranked as follows: E3>E2>E1=E5. The E4 group, protected with varnish fluoride, did not present signs of surface erosion wear like E6. Conclusion: All the pediatric medicines used promoted some enamel tooth wear, with higher severity with low pH medicines. The presence of fluoride reduced the deleterious effect of pediatric medicines on human tooth enamel
Knowledge and Perception of Brazilian Dental Students about Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the knowledge and perception of Brazilian dental students regarding molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with dental students from a dental school in the Northeast region. A self-administered questionnaire was applied, containing questions about MIH, including etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Clinical photographs assessed students’ ability to differentiate MIH from other enamel defects. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used for associations, and the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparisons, considering the academic year as the independent variable. Results: 67 students participated, primarily enrolled in the third and fifth years. The majority (68.7%) reported familiarity with MIH, and 82.1% recognized it as a qualitative defect. MIH awareness was significantly associated with fifth-year students (p=0.01). Genetic factors were considered as an etiological factor by 80.6%. None of the students felt "very confident" in diagnosing MIH. No difference was observed in confidence levels across academic years. Enamel hypoplasia (64.2%) was cited as the most challenging differentiating condition from MIH. Students demonstrated uncertainty in diagnosing severe MIH (20.9%), whereas fluorosis was the defect most easily recognized (71.6%). Conclusion: Dental students demonstrate knowledge of MIH and recognize some clinical characteristics but lack confidence in diagnosing it. This highlights the need for enhanced dissemination and teaching of MIH in undergraduate dental education
Root Canal Morphological Variations of Mandibular Third Molars Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the variations in the root canal morphology of mandibular third molars (M3M) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: A total of 186 CBCT images were analyzed to assess the root and root canal morphology of M3M using Vertucci classification. Gender influence on morphology was also examined. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square or Fisher\u27s exact test. Results: Most M3M exhibited two roots, followed by a single root and three roots, with no significant difference in number of roots between sexes on either side (p=0.512 and p=0.598). Three canals were most common in both sexes, but four canals were significantly more common in males on the right side. No significant sex difference was observed for the left side (p=0.245). Distal roots predominantly showed Type I canal configuration on both sides, while mesial roots exhibited Type IV on the right and Type I on the left. Conclusion: Mandibular third molars in the South Indian population had two roots and three canals, with four canals more common in males on the right. Distal root mostly exhibited Type I canal configuration, whereas mesial root varied, highlighting the importance of understanding the complexity for endodontic treatment planning
Ketorolac and Dexamethasone Injection Comparison on Postoperative-Pain in Impacted Mandibular Third Molars Surgery in Pterygomandibular Space: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Get PDFObjective: To compare the effects of ketorolac and dexamethasone on postoperative pain in patients who underwent impacted mandibular third molars surgery. Material and Methods: A double-anonymized clinical trial study involving 60 patients with impacted third molars. The samples were randomly divided into two groups by block randomization method: DG: Dexamethasone (8 mg) and KG: Ketorolac (30 mg). The severity of pain was assessed using the visual analog scale and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale immediately and during the first to seventh days after the surgery. Results: Among the participants, 65% were female, and the mean age was 40.8 years. The study groups did not show a significant difference in the frequency of the two sexes or mean age (p=0.529 and p=0.214). The average pain scores were significantly greater in the DG compared to the KG during the first week (p<0.001). Conclusion: Injection of dexamethasone into the pterygomandibular space can help to decrease the postoperative pain following lower third molar surgery
Influence of Different Immersion Solutions and Polishing Protocols on the Roughness of Conventional and CAD/CAM Restorative Materials
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the effects of immersion solutions and polishing protocols on the surface roughness of different restorative materials. Material and Methods: Specimens from composite resin (CR) (Filtek Z350 XT) and CAD-CAM blocks of resin nanoceramic (NC) (Lava Ultimate Restorative), hybrid ceramic (HC) (Enamic), and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZL) (Celtra Duo) were assigned to two protocols: only polishing rubbers (PR) (Ceramisté rubbers®) or PR + paste (Porcelize®) (PR+P). Surface roughness was measured before (T0), after 30 days (T1), and 60 days (T2) of immersion in solutions of artificial saliva (SA), coffee (CF), and Coca-Cola® (CO). Roughness changes were compared using ANOVA and Tukey test (α=0.05). Results: Time (p≤0.003) and the interaction of time and immersion solution (p≤0.03) significantly affected all materials. The interaction of time, immersion solution, and polishing significantly affected ZL (p=0.003) and NC (p=0.013). The highest surface roughness values were observed with CF solution at T2. Conclusion: Different polishing protocols did not significantly affect the restorative materials tested. The CF solution affected the surface roughness of composite resin and feldspathic-composite hybrid ceramic after 60 days, regardless of the polishing protocol. The effects of immersion solutions and polishing protocols vary and depend on the properties of each restorative material
Biosafety and Protective Effects of Tyrosol from Olea europaea L. in Gingivitis: In Vitro and in Vivo Studies
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate tyrosol\u27s biosafety in cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and acute toxicity studies in an experimental gingivitis model. Material and Methods: Tyrosol was extracted from a freeze-dried and ultra-processed extract of olive oil (Olea europaea L.). Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH˙ radical scavenging method. Genotoxicity and mutagenicity were examined using ten mice divided into three groups: Group 1 received a solution containing 2,000 mg/kg of tyrosol; Group 2 (negative control) received distilled water, and Group 3 (positive control) received cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally. Antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also evaluated. Statistical analysis employed the Student t-test and ANOVA (p<0.05). Results: DPPH radical scavenging activity was evident at all tested concentrations. Over 14 days, tyrosol caused no deaths, toxicity, or adverse effects, with weight gain in all animals. Tyrosol was found to be safe in the toxicity tests. Histologically, the animals treated with 30 mg/kg of tyrosol decreased inflammatory infiltrate, and their tissue repair was similar to the control group. Moreover, compared to the positive control, there was an increase in CAT and SOD in the tyrosol gingivitis treatment groups. Conclusion: Tyrosol is safe, not genotoxic, and mildly mutagenic at high doses. Additionally, tyrosol reduces gingivitis through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and the weight gain of animals treated with the compound, indicating tyrosol\u27s therapeutic potential
Dental Caries in Preschoolers and Parental Level of Oral Health Literacy in Tocantins
Get PDFObjective: To investigate the association between dental caries in preschoolers and parental oral health literacy (OHL) levels. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 448 dyads of five-year-old preschoolers in all public preschools in the urban area of Porto Nacional city (Tocantins, Brazil) and their respective primary caregivers. Caries experience with deciduous teeth was measured through the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index. OHL level was calculated using the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD-14) instrument and categorized into tertiles. Sociodemographic data were collected. Associations between variables were evaluated by Poisson’s regression in bi and multivariate models. Results: A total of 190 (42.41%) children had dental caries in at least one tooth, and 243 (54.2%) of the primary caregivers showed an OHL level below the sample median (49 points). Analyses revealed that an OHL level at the upper tertile was considered a protective factor for caries in the evaluated preschoolers (RP=0.660; 95% CI = 0.480–0.910). Conclusion: Parental oral health literacy level was significantly associated with early childhood caries. Promoting oral health literacy among parents can be important in preventing tooth decay in preschoolers
Campina Grande nas travessias da memória: uma análise historiográfica quanto a função da “Liverpool brasileira”
No full textO presente artigo propõe uma reflexão crítica sobre os discursos historiográficos que consolidaram a imagem de Campina Grande como polo industrial e comercial do Nordeste brasileiro, especialmente durante o ciclo do algodão. É analisado como essa narrativa foi construída, reforçada e, em certos momentos, contestada ao longo do tempo, destacando o papel da memória coletiva e das fontes históricas na legitimação da alcunha “Liverpool brasileira”. A pesquisa percorre diferentes produções acadêmicas e institucionais que moldaram a identidade urbana da cidade, revelando tensões entre o passado glorificado e os silêncios historiográficos sobre outras dimensões da experiência urbana. Portanto, também problematiza o uso de metáforas e símbolos na construção da memória histórica, evidenciando como determinadas representações se tornam hegemônicas e influenciam políticas de preservação, ensino de história e práticas culturais. O estudo sugere a necessidade de revisitar criticamente os marcos narrativos que sustentam a memória oficial de Campina Grande, ampliando o olhar para outras travessias e sujeitos históricos que compõem a complexidade da cidade
A sede do leviatã digital: risco hídrico global, inteligência artificial e a crise socioambiental da infraestrutura no sul global
No full textO presente artigo investiga a dimensão socioambiental e geopolítica da infraestrutura de data centers e da Inteligência Artificial (IA) generativa, que demandam um consumo exponencial de água potável para resfriamento. Analisando o problema a partir da lente da Justiça Socioambiental e do Direito à Cidade, o estudo diagnostica a disfunção entre o avanço tecnológico desterritorializado e a crise hídrica em regiões vulneráveis do Sul Global. Argumentamos que a concentração de data centers em áreas já marcadas pela escassez, como o Sudeste brasileiro, é uma manifestação de Colonialismo Digital Hídrico, que tensiona a soberania estatal sobre os recursos naturais e agrava a desigualdade social. A ineficiência regulatória, marcada pela falta de transparência corporativa sobre as métricas de consumo hídrico, é apontada como um facilitador desse processo extrativista. Em termos propositivos, o artigo defende a urgência de uma transição para um constitucionalismo supranacional que imponha responsabilidade ética às Big Techs, aliada à adoção de soluções tecnológicas como o resfriamento por imersão líquida, visando desmaterializar a dependência da água potável e garantir o direito fundamental à água para as comunidades
Turkish Pediatricians’ Competence Concerning Children’s Oral and Dental Health
No full textObjective: To assess Turkish pediatricians\u27 knowledge, perceptions, and educational levels regarding oral and dental health, particularly in light of the high prevalence of dental caries among children. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study involved 323 practicing Turkish pediatricians utilizing Google Forms for data collection between December 2021 and November 2023. A structured questionnaire examined sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and employed scales to evaluate pediatricians\u27 knowledge, attitudes, and self-perceptions concerning childhood oral health. Results: The study included 323 pediatrician participants, with a mean age of 37.15 ± 7.92 years, with a majority being female (65%). Academic staff demonstrated superior knowledge, positive attitudes, and higher self-perception scores than research assistants and specialists. Significant correlations were observed between age and years of service with attitudes and self-perceptions, while knowledge scores showed no such correlations. Pediatricians without formal dental education exhibited lower attitude and self-perception scores related to oral health. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the critical need for targeted education to enhance Turkish pediatricians\u27 grasp of oral health. Strengthening their knowledge and attitudes is essential to advancing dental care, improving children\u27s outcomes, and addressing dental caries effectively