Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB): Sistema Eletrônico de Editoração de Revistas
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Effectiveness of an Educational Smoke Cessation Counseling Intervention on Knowledge, Attitude, and Skills of Undergraduate Dental Students in Iran
No full textObjective: To investigate the impact of an educational intervention on the knowledge, attitude, and skills of dental students regarding smoking cessation.Material and Methods: The participants were dental students in their 7th (Intervention group) and 8th semester (Control group) between February and July 2022. The intervention group received an educational package consisting of a lecture, a podcast, a seminar, and role-playing on smoking cessation, while the control group only received a lecture. The students\u27 knowledge, attitudes, and skills were assessed using a questionnaire. The questionnaire included statements regarding the importance of learning about smoking cessation, the level of students\u27 knowledge of and attitudes towards treating tobacco addiction, and skills related to quitting smoking. Moreover, students\u27 knowledge about the physiology of addiction, non-nicotine drugs for smoking cessation, and electronic cigarettes was evaluated. Results: In total, information from 55 students was used. In the intervention group, an increase was found in the willingness to advise patients from 56% to 92% (p=0.003), the mean score of knowledge regarding electronic cigarettes (3.11±1.65 to 4.19±1.33, p=0.001), agreement with "I can get information about the patient\u27s smoking" from 22% to 90%, "I am able to advise for quitting smoking" from 38% to 81%, "I can provide recommendations for smoking cessation" from 22% to 58%, and "In my opinion, smoking addiction is a chronic disease" from 56% to 77%. Conclusion: Training dental students in smoking cessation counseling can enhance their understanding and motivation to assist patients in quitting smoking
Prevalence of Dental Anomalies in Brazilian Children and Adolescents: Implications for Optimal Radiographic Timing
No full textObjective: To evaluate the prevalence of dental anomalies (DA) in panoramic radiographs (PR) of Brazilian children and adolescents and to provide evidence to guide the appropriate timing of PR prescription. Material and Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed 1,027 PR of patients aged 6 to 18 years, obtained from the electronic records of an Oral Radiology Service. DA in the primary and permanent dentitions were assessed by sex, age group, and tooth number. A trained professional with over 20 years of radiology experience performed radiographic evaluations. Data were evaluated using chi-square and Fisher\u27s exact tests. Results: A total of 91.7% of patients presented at least one DA, with no correlation to sex or age. The anomaly rate per patient was higher in adolescents (>12 years) than in children (2.48 vs. 1.86). The mandible was more frequently affected in both dentitions. Adolescents exhibited significantly higher rates of microdontia, hypercementosis, agenesis, root dilaceration, taurodontism, retained deciduous teeth, and impaction. In contrast, tooth rotation was more frequent in children (p<0.05). Canines and third molars were the most affected permanent teeth; in primary teeth, canines and second molars were most involved. Conclusion: The high prevalence of dental anomalies highlights the importance of prescribing panoramic radiographs for early diagnosis. Timely detection enables preventive interventions and supports better clinical and developmental outcomes
Correlation of Salivary Proline-Rich Proteins (PRPs), Salivary pH, and Caries Index in Coastal and Plateau Areas of Jember Regency, Indonesia
No full textObjective: To evaluate the correlation between salivary Proline Rich Proteins (PRPs) levels, salivary pH, and the caries index in children aged 10–12 years from coastal and plateau areas of Jember, East Java, Indonesia. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional design was used, involving 136 students from the district of Puger and Jelbuk, Jember regency. Caries index was assessed using DMF-T examinations, salivary pH measurements, and PRP quantification by ELISA; data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. Results: The average DMF-T index in the coastal area was 1.8, with an average salivary pH of 8.25 and PRP level of 8.076 ng/ml. The plateau area had an average DMF-T index of 1.7, a salivary pH of 6.51, and a PRP level of 0.338 µg/ml. In both regions, a significant inverse correlation was found between salivary pH and DMF-T (p < 0.05). No significant correlation was observed between PRP levels and DMF-T or between salivary pH and PRP levels. Conclusion: The higher caries index is due to low PRP levels and a low salivary pH. Conversely, the lower the caries index, the higher the levels of PRPs and salivary pH
Decision-Making regarding Interproximal Caries Stages Among Dental Students in a Public and Private Institution
No full textObjective: To evaluate the treatment decision-making of dental students from two dental schools for different stages of interproximal carious lesions in permanent and deciduous teeth. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, where a questionnaire with schematic diagrams and radiographs of deciduous and permanent teeth showing five stages of interproximal carious lesions (external third of enamel, internal third of enamel, enamel-dentin junction (EDJ), external third of dentin and internal third of dentin) were presented to dental students of one Public University and one Private University, to determine the need for invasive intervention. Results: For diagrams, significant differences were found between schools in dichotomized responses (external or internal to EDJ) for deciduous and permanent teeth (p=0.019 and p=0.015, respectively), with a higher frequency of responses for early intervention (external to EDJ) in the private school. For radiographs, a higher response frequency for early intervention was observed in permanent teeth; meanwhile, for deciduous teeth, a late intervention (internal to the EDJ) was preferred, without significant differences between schools. Conclusion: Students from both schools showed a high frequency of responses to early invasive intervention (external to EDJ) in interproximal caries lesions when diagrams and radiographs of permanent teeth were evaluated, with the private schools evaluating more frequently. Only in the deciduous teeth radiograph, the prevalence of late intervention (internal to the EDJ) was higher
Antileishmanial Activity of Lantana camara L. Leaf Extract in Niosomes
No full textAbstract: Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by more than 20 Leishmania species and comprise a complex group of clinical manifestations., including Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). CLis a neglected tropical disease affecting skin and mucous membranes, with treatment options restricted to a limited number of drugs, many of which are associated with significant toxicity. Lantana camara L. is traditionally used to treat dermatological ailments, with studies suggesting its antileishmanial potential due to triterpenes. Nanotechnology, including niosomes (NIOS), has shown promise in the field of medicine. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the ethanolic extract of L. camara (LCE) and nanoencapsulated in niosomes (LCE-NIOS) against promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis, as well their toxic effect on mammalian cells. The chemical composition and immunomodulatory effect of LCE was also evaluated. LCE was obtained by static maceration with ethanol, while nanoencapsulation was performed via lipid film hydration .Cytotoxicity was assessed in BALB/C mouse peritoneal macrophages, while antileishmanial activity was tested against L. amazonensis promastigotes, both using MTT method. The effect against intracellular amastigotes was after Giemsa staining. Nitric oxide (NO) induction was evaluated by Griess assay. Phytochemical analysis of LCE showed high content of terpenes (477.51 mg/g) with low levels of phenolic compounds (34.80 mg/g).Although the selectivity index (SI = 14.33) was lower than that of pure LCE (SI = 30.64), nanoencapsulation (LCE-NIOS) markedly enhanced antileishmanial potency, achieving IC₅₀ values of 0.1431 ± 0.0002 µg/mL for promastigotes and 0.833 ± 0.037 µg/mL for intracellular amastigotes of L. amazonensis, representing approximately a 14-fold improvement over the crude extract. LCE also significantly induced nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose-dependent manner in L. amazonensis-infected macrophages, suggesting a possible immunomodulatory mechanism contributing to parasite clearance. These results highlight the pivotal role of terpenoids in LCE’s antileishmanial activity and demonstrate that nanoencapsulation can substantially enhance its efficacy. Further in vivo studies are warranted to confirm its therapeutic potential. Keywords: Nanoencapsulation; medicinal plants ; Cutaneous leishmaniasis
: Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by more than 20 Leishmania species and comprises a complex group of clinical manifestations, including Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). CLis a neglected tropical disease affecting skin and mucous membranes, with treatment options restricted to a limited number of drugs, many of which are associated with significant toxicity. Lantana camara L. is traditionally used to treat dermatological ailments, with studies suggesting its antileishmanial potential due to triterpenes. Nanotechnology, including niosomes (NIOS), has shown promise in the field of medicine. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the ethanolic extract of L. camara (LCE) and nanoencapsulated in niosomes (LCE-NIOS) against promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis, as well their toxic effect on mammalian cells. The chemical composition and immunomodulatory effect of LCE was also evaluated. LCE was obtained by static maceration with ethanol, while nanoencapsulation was performed via lipid film hydration .Cytotoxicity was assessed in BALB/C mouse peritoneal macrophages, while antileishmanial activity was tested against L. amazonensis promastigotes, both using MTT method. The effect against intracellular amastigotes was after Giemsa staining. Nitric oxide (NO) induction was evaluated by Griess assay. Phytochemical analysis of LCE showed high content of terpenes (477.51 mg/g) with low levels of phenolic compounds (34.80 mg/g).Although the selectivity index (SI = 14.33) was lower than that of pure LCE (SI = 30.64), nanoencapsulation (LCE-NIOS) markedly enhanced antileishmanial potency, achieving IC₅₀ values of 0.1431 ± 0.0002 µg/mL for promastigotes and 0.833 ± 0.037 µg/mL for intracellular amastigotes of L. amazonensis, representing approximately a 14-fold improvement over the crude extract. LCE also significantly induced nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose-dependent manner in L. amazonensis-infected macrophages, suggesting a possible immunomodulatory mechanism contributing to parasite clearance. These results highlight the pivotal role of terpenoids in LCE’s antileishmanial activity and demonstrate that nanoencapsulation can substantially enhance its efficacy. Further in vivo studies are warranted to confirm its therapeutic potential.
Vacas, cerdos, humanos: narrativas sobre el ganado en clave de terror
No full textIn this article I will analyze a series of literary works produced in recent years that explore the relationships between humans and livestock. Specifically, it offers a critical reading of the story “Amarres” by Vicky García belonging to the book of stories Las bestias published in 2019, of the novel Cadáver exquisito by Agustina Bazterrica from 2017, and the nouvelles Vacas by Belén Sigot from 2018 and De ganados y de hombres by Ana Paula Maia published in 2008. These narratives configure worlds in which the strained bond between cows, pigs and humans is central. I will particularly focus on analyzing how horror, in its multiple traditions and aesthetic possibilities –whether we are talking about gothic horror, folk horror, fantastic horror, or gore– allows us to rethink and subvert the hierarchies between those who eat and those who are eaten.En este artículo analizaré una serie de obras literarias producidas en los últimos años que exploran las relaciones entre el ser humano y el ganado. En concreto, se propone una lectura crítica del cuento “Amarres” de Vicky García perteneciente al libro de relatos Las bestias publicado en 2019, de la novela Cadáver exquisito de Agustina Bazterrica del 2017, y las nouvelles Vacas de Belén Sigot del 2018 y De ganados y de hombres de Ana Paula Maia publicada en 2008. Estas narrativas configuran mundos en los que se pone en primer plano el vínculo enrarecido entre vacas, cerdos y hombres. Me interesa enfocarme en cómo el género de terror, en sus múltiples tradiciones y posibilidades estéticas –ya sea que hablemos de terror gótico, de terror rural, de las vertientes fantásticas, del gore– permite repensar y subvertir las jerarquías entre quienes comen y quienes son comidos
Effects of Cannabinoids Use in Temporomandibular Disorders: A Scoping Review
No full textObjective: To assess the effects of cannabis and its synthetically derived products on temporomandibular disorders (TMD) treatment and explore the potential mechanisms underlying these effects in various TMD nociception models. Material and Methods: Electronic searches in five databases were conducted for publications up to August 2024. Clinical and animal studies about the use of cannabinoids for TMD-related pain control were included. Letters to the editor, conference proceedings, protocol articles, historical reviews, in vitro studies, and unpublished articles were excluded. Results: A total of 2,708 unique citations were found. Following the screening, 31 studies were evaluated as full-text copies, and 13 (nine pre-clinical, two observational, and two interventional studies) were included. The pre-clinical studies demonstrated that cannabinoid compounds effectively reduce nociceptive behavior in the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) and masseter muscle using different animal models. Moreover, all the included studies using formalin-induced TMJ nociception reported that cannabinoid agonist-induced antinociception in the TMJ region was mediated by the central activation of CB1 but not CB2 receptors. The observational and interventional studies reported pain reduction, improvement in function, and better health quality with cannabis use. Furthermore, the use of cannabis for chronic pain appears to be an effective alternative to the use of opioids and other pain control drugs associated with unwanted side effects. Conclusion: The use of cannabis and its synthetically derived products seems to be effective in reducing nociceptive behavior in TMJ and masseter muscle. However, further clinical and mechanistic studies are necessary to thoroughly investigate the therapeutic potential of cannabinoid compounds in TMD
Paradoxo dos muros e a Zona Desmilitarizada (DMZ): análise a partir da percepção de Sul-coreanos e estrangeiros residentes na Coreia do Sul: Analysis based on the perception of South Koreans and foreign people living in South Korea
No full textWalls have always been present in the history of humanity. Its creation has always been validated by the State, and often linked to the strength of the State that holds the largest walls. This article aims to demonstrate that the paradoxes presented by Wendy Brown in her book Walled States, waning sovereignty (2010) are confirmed, through a questionnaire applied to South Koreans and foreigners residing in South Korea. It is a quantitative-qualitative research, with an exploratory and descriptive nature, where data was obtained through an online questionnaire, and manipulated using Google Form and EXCEL tools. As a result, it was obtained that the paradoxes of the walls are confirmed in the case of the DMZ, and the first paradox can only be proven when a link is made with the third one.Os muros sempre estiveram presentes na história da humanidade. Sua criação sempre foi validada pelo Estado, e muitas vezes atrelada à força do Estado detentor dos maiores muros. O presente artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar que os paradoxos, apresentados por Wendy Brown em seu livro Walled States, waning sovereignty (2010) se confirmam, por meio um questionário aplicado aos sul coreanos e estrangeiros residentes na Coreia do Sul. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa-qualitativa, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, onde se obteve os dados através de um questionário online, e estes manipulados através das ferramentas do Google Form e do EXCEL. Como resultados, obteve-se que os paradoxos dos muros se confirmam no caso da DMZ, sendo que o primeiro paradoxo só pode ser comprovado de quando se faz um link com o terceiro.
 
Inovação e instituições nos países da OCDE
No full textA teoria do crescimento econômico endógeno passou por avanços significativos nas últimas décadas, dentre estes se encontra o papel das instituições no processo de inovação e crescimento econômico. As instituições, ao afetar a taxa de inovação de uma economia acabam impactando no crescimento desses países. Assim, este trabalho busca contribuir com a literatura ao realizar um exame empírico acerca da importância das instituições na produção de novas ideias. Aplicando um painel dinâmico através do Método Generalizados dos Momentos (MGM), os resultados mostram que no período entre 1996 e 2019, a qualidade institucional foi importante para o progresso técnico em uma amostra selecionada de países da OCDE
MÍMESIS E A CRÍTICA IMANENTE AO MODELO DE DOMINAÇÃO NATURAL E SOCIAL EM THEODOR W. ADORNO
No full textIn the thoughts of Theodor w. Adorno (1901-1968), the concept of mimesis provides us, as an impulse of domination, with the necessary model for the domination of nature and for social domination, just as its dialectical unfolding provides us with an immanent critique of the notion that the theory of knowledge is restricted to a problem of consciousness. To this end, I propose an overview of the theory of knowledge in the light of the conference text Idea of Natural History (1932), from now on I will quickly present the notions of mimicry and mimesis found in the Dialectic of Enlightenment (1945), to discuss the relationship between the notion of second nature and mimesis and how these proposed models appear both in the theory of knowledge and in social relations. In this sense, we propose a reflection on the concept of mimesis that dialogues with the possibility that it can be understood as both the foundation of knowledge and sociability and that these two are related in the construction of the model of modern domination.No pensamento de Theodor w. Adorno (1901-1968) o conceito de mímesis nos fornece, enquanto impulso de dominação, o modelo necessário para a dominação da natureza e para a dominação social, assim como seu desdobramento dialético nos fornece uma crítica imanente a noção de que a teoria do conhecimento se restringe a um problema da consciência. Para isso, proponho um panorama da teoria do conhecimento à luz do texto-conferência Ideia de História Natural (1932), doravante apresentarei rapidamente as noções de mimetismo e mímesis encontradas na Dialética do Esclarecimento (1945), para discutirmos a relação entre a noção de segunda natureza e mímesis e como que esses modelos propostos aparecem tanto na teoria do conhecimento quanto nas relações sociais. Propomos, nesse sentido, uma reflexão do conceito de mímesis que dialogue tanto com a possibilidade de que essa possa ser compreendida tanto como fundamento do conhecimento quanto da sociabilidade e que essas duas estão em relação na construção do modelo de dominação moderno