Pelita Perkebunan (Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal, CCRJ)
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Sensory Acceptability and Viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus in Spent Coffee Ground Candy
Full text linkSpent coffee ground (SCG) is a residual material considered as waste that remains after brewing coffee. Conventional brewing techniques generate large amount of SGC that is rich in lignocellulose and valuable bioactive compounds that can be exploited as functional food ingredients. This study explored the development of a probiotic SCG candy using spent coffee grounds (SCG) as a sustainable and functional matrix, incorporating Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. bulgaricus. The effect of different carbohydrate sources—banana and potato— on the candy’s physicochemical properties, sensory attributes, and probiotic viability during storage was evaluated. Four formulations were prepared: SCG-only (T0), SCG–banana (T1), SCG–banana/potato (T2), and SCG–potato (T3), each stored at room temperature (25±2 °C) and refrigeration (4 °C) for four weeks. Physico- chemical analyses showed moisture content ranged from 7.49% (T0) to 9.43% (T3), water activity from 0.46 to 0.54, and pH values from 6.87 to 7.61. Total soluble solids (TSS) were between 44.00 and 52.66 °Brix. These parameters remained stable throughout storage. Viable counts of Lactobacillus spp. remained above 8.3 log CFU/g in all samples, with SCG–banana (T1) stored at 4 °C achieving the high- est count of 8.45 log CFU/g after four weeks. Sensory evaluation using a 5-point hedonic scale revealed that SCG–banana (T1) and SCG–banana/potato (T2) achieved significantly higher ratings in chewiness (4.6), mouthfeel (4.6), overall flavor (4.5), and acceptability (4.7) than the control (T0). Refrigerated storage preserved microbial viability and sensory quality better than room temperature. Overall, this study confirms that SCG can serve as a value-added matrix for probiotic delivery in confections. The inclusion of banana improved both functionality and consumer preference, supporting the development of shelf-stable, sustainable, probiotic-rich snacks
Differentiation of Arabica Coffee from Several Regions and Roasting Condition by Detecting Released Gases using Electronic Food Nose
Full text linkThis study was aimed to identify the differentiation of Arabica coffee from West Java, East Java, West Nusa Tenggara and Bali using an electronic food nose. The analysis was conducted based on variations in temperature and roasting time to evaluate the effect of these parameters on coffee aroma characteristics. This research used an electronic nose device to detect volatile compounds quickly and accurately. The electronic nose was equipped with MQ-3, MQ-8, MQ-135, and MQ-136 sensors, able to detect alcohol, hexane, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide gas. Arabica coffee from various parts of Indonesia was roasted on three levels (light, medium, and dark). The results showed that variations in roasting temperature (220, 230, and 240 °C) and time (10, 13, and 17 min) significantly affected the volatile compounds’ profile. The temperature and roasting time correlated proportionally to the hexane gas, CO2 , and alcohol produced. Conversely, the lower the temperature and the faster the roasting process, the higher H2S gas was produced. Based on this, using an electronic nose effectively distinguishes the aroma characteristics of coffee based on differences in temperature and roasting time. This research contributes to helping improve the quality of Indonesian arabica coffee by understanding how temperature variation and roasting time length can be used to optimize the coffee production process and improve the coffee quality produced
The Role of Cocoa Commodity as a Base Sector in Indonesia’s Regional Development
Full text linkIndonesia’s cocoa commodity as one of the leading commodities, has the potential to improve the country’s economy. However, the increasing export volume is not matched by the decreasing production due to the decreasing land area. This study aims to identify the mapping of cocoa regions, identify the structure and growth rate of cocoa, and examine the role of cocoa in supporting Indonesia’s plantation activities. The research was conducted in 33 provinces of Indonesia using secondary data. The variables used are production and revenue of cocoa and plantation commodities in 2017-2023. The analytical tools used are Location Quotient (LQ), Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ), Localisation and Specialisation analysis, Shift Share analysis (SSA), BSR analysis, RM, and Multiplier Effect. The results obtained from as many as 19 provinces are included in the base area with an LQ>1 value. The cocoa growth rate structure obtained that the value of National growth (PNij) is positive, Proportional growth (PPij) is negative, and Regional share growth (PPWij) is negative, so the average shift share value is positive and it is said that Indonesian cocoa is growing. The results of the analysis of the value of BSR, RM, and Multiplier Effect are positive so that Indonesian cocoa plays a role in supporting Indonesian plantations
Identification of Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) Gene Family in Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in Silico Study
Full text linkHeat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) has an important role in regulating heat stress response, plant development control, and defense reactions. The HSP90 gene family has been extensively reported in numerous plant species, but studies on the HSP90 gene in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) remain lacking. Continuous global warming and the use of low-grade quality planting materials are the reasons for low cocoa productivity in Indonesia. Based on this, it is necessary to have good adaptability in cocoa as well as the development of new cultivars so that there is no decrease in cocoa productivity. This study aims to identify the HSP90 gene family in cocoa to recognize the HSP90 functioning in cocoa and provide the necessary information to characterize HSP90 at the genome level. Identification of the HSP90 gene family in T. cacao was carried out through analysis of TcHSP90 sequences obtained from various related databases. The results showed that a total of seven TsHSP90 genes are distributed into ten T. cacao chromosomes. Analysis of the TcHSP90 motif showed that HSP90 is conserved in each T. cacao gene. Cis-acting element analysis showed that TcHSP90 has important roles in growth and development as well as abiotic and hormonal stress responses including defense against pathogens. Phylogenetic analysis showed that TcHSP90 has a similar evolutionary distribution to A. thaliana and S. lycopersicum. The results of this study can be used as a scientific foundation and basic knowledge for the development of new T. cacao cultivars that are resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses by selecting suitable candidate genes for T. cacao breeding
Effects of Morphological Age and Indole-3-Butyric Acid Concentration on Rooting of Selected Robusta Coffee Varieties
Full text linkIn response to the outbreak of Coffee Wilt Disease (CWD) which wiped out almost 50% of Robusta coffee in Uganda, the National Coffee Research Institute (NaCORI) released 10 varieties (KR1-10) which are resistant to the disease. These varieties are being multiplied by stem cuttings for commercialization, although some of them present challenges in rooting. Research shows that rooting ability of stem cuttings is a function of the variety, their morphological status and rooting hormone used, among other factors. We therefore conducted an on-station study to determine the effect of morphological age of the stem cuttings and Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) rooting hormone concentration on the rooting ability of varieties, KR1, KR3 and KR4. A factorial experiment with three stem segments with differing morphological age (softwood, semi-hardwood and hardwood) and five IBA concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, 7 and 10g/l) was set up for each variety in a completely randomized design and replicated five times. Results showed that the number of roots produced by stem cuttings varied significantly (p?0.05) across varieties and IBA concentration level but not the morphological age of the cuttings. The highest number of roots was recorded on variety KR4, (35.3), 2 g/l of IBA (31.5) and softwood cuttings (29.1). Furthermore, the number of roots produced by stem cuttings varied significantly (P<0.00001) across combinations of factors. The highest number of roots was recorded on softwood treated with 10 g/l of IBA rooting hormone for KR1, hardwood cuttings treated with 2 g/l of IBA for KR3 and softwood cuttings treated with 2 g/l of IBA for KR4. Our findings provide a guide on variety-specific approaches for enhancing rooting ability of stem cuttings of these CWD-r Robusta coffee varieties. We therefore recommend that similar studies be conducted on variety, KR8 which also has been recently reported for challenges of rooting of its stem cuttings
Insect Community Status in Different Field Conditions and Clones in Kaliwining Cocoa Experimental Station, East Java, Indonesia: Sisko Budianto, Wiwin Windriyanti, Sri Wiyatiningsih, Indah Anitasari
No full textInsect communities are vital to the ecological and economic success of cocoa agroforestry systems, providing essential functions such in pollination, pest control, and nutrient cycling. Their presence and performance are shaped by field structure, clone genetics, habitat complexity, and agricultural practices. This research was conducted at the Experimental Station of the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute in Jember, East Java, which focused on two distinct types of cocoa fields (differences in planting years, plant density, and shade trees) and clones (clone ICCRI03, ICCRI09, and MCC02). The research highlights are the role of field conditions and genetic factors in shaping insect diversity and abundance. The trapping method used a yellow trap, and field conditions included plant height, canopy width, and leaf litter amount, which were measured. The observation revealed 35 insect morphospecies from 30 families and eight non- insect morphospecies, emphasizing the functional diversity of these communities. Field conditions and clones did not have a significant effect on insect abundance and diversity. Field conditions, including plant height, canopy width, and leaf litter amount, did not show a strong correlation with the abundance of insects. Field with more shade trees and vegetation, had a greater abundance of insects, notably predators and decomposers. MCC02 favored pollinator populations, ICCRI03 boosted predators and parasitoids, and ICCRI09 increased overall diversity. However, pollinators and omnivores showed minimal variety across fields and clones. Shannon diversity index values (H’ = 1.59-1.75) suggested moderate biodiversity with uneven species distribution. The study underscores the importance of main- taining habitat complexity, optimizing field management, and strategic clone selection to enhance ecosystem services like pollination and pest control while fostering biodiversity
The Potential of Trichoderma sp. as a Decomposer of Cocoa Pod Husk- Based Compost on Degradation of Herbicide and Insecticide Residues
Full text linkCompost, a final product of composting as a sustainable waste management strategy, contains a wide range of organic pollutants penetrating by deliberate input such as pesticide application in feedstock materials. The involvement of Trichoderma in composting processes is expected to degrade pesticide compounds and enhance compost quality. The study employed four treatments: P1D0 (herbicide without Trichoderma sp.), P1D1 (herbicide with Trichoderma sp.), P2D0 (insecticide without Trichoderma sp.), and P2D1 (insecticide with Trichoderma sp.). The results of pesticide residue and compost quality were analyzed descriptively by comparing the effects of Trichoderma sp. n degrading the herbicide and insecticide residue through the composting process. Compost quality was monitored through initial, biweekly, and final analyses. All compost fulfilled the minimum standards set by the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture. Incorporation of Trichoderma sp. enhanced compost quality by increasing N content (up to 37.23%) and pH (up to 5.28%), while reducing the C:N ratio (up to 50%). Moreover, it effectively degraded glyphosate and cypermethrin residues by up to 99.96% and 99.48%, respectively. These findings highlight the dual role of Trichoderma-enriched compost in improving compost quality and remediating pesticide residues, supporting sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices
Growth of cocoa seedlings affected by application of zeolite-cocopeat-manure mixture as soil conditioner enriched by Trichoderma sp.
Full text linkThe objective of this research was to study the effect of soil conditioner in different dosage levels enriched by Trichoderma sp. on cocoa seedling growth and biomass. This research was conducted in glass house Kaliwining,Experimental Station of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Jember, East Java, with rainfall type of D (Schmidt & Ferguson) with relatively flat topography at altitude 45 m above sea level. Complete Randomized Design using four treatments, i. e. no application of soil conditioner (control), the application of 200 grams, 400 grams, and 600 grams/polybags of soil conditioner, with 5 replications and 5 subsamples was engaged for this research. Trichoderma sp. as endophytic fungus has been detected highest in the soil conditioner that enriched with Trichoderma sp. The result of the research was the application of soil conditioner alone or combined with Trichoderma sp. could increase plant growth and plant biomass. This research finding was the addition of Trichoderma sp. with soil conditioner increased the plant growth doubled than soil conditioner alone
Coffee Agroindustry in South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia: A case study
Full text linkThe purpose of this research is to find out and describe the feasibility of coffee farming at the level of farmers who cultivate coffee beans and at the level of home industries in South Konawe Regency which produce packaged ground coffee or known as the brand name (Anoa Coffee). The parameters used to assess the financial feasibility of coffee farming are by calculating the value of R/C, NPV and NBCR at interest rates of 12% and 35% of farming and coffee powder processing businesses. Based on the R/C ratio, a value of 16 is obtained, this shows the benefits of coffee farming, where every IDR 1,000,000 invested in coffee farming will generate 16 times the income. The NPV value of coffee farming has a value of IDR 36,141,085, supported by an NBCR value of 2.04, and the ground coffee processing business by CV. Kopindo Sukses Bersama obtained an NPV value of IDR 10,153,539,739, and also an NBCR value of 2.05, meaning that smallholder coffee farming in South Konawe Regency is financially profitable and feasible to develop
Digital Imaging-Assisted Characterization of Plants’ Morphological Features for the Identification of Robusta Coffee Clones.
Full text linkPerbaikan genetik klon kopi robusta anjuran menjadi alternatif untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas klon kopi robusta di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi klon-klon kopi Robusta melalui karakterisasi morfologi dan pendekatan digital image. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kebun Sumber Asin, Malang dan Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman. Bahan genetik tanaman terdiri dari lima klon robusta yaitu BP 308, BP 409, BP 534, BP 936, BP 939 sebagai faktor perlakuan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok lengkap faktor tunggal yaitu klon dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan klon kopi Robusta memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata pada semua karakter kuantitatif kecuali pada karakter jumlah cluster per cabang, panjang daun, dan lebar buah. Perbedaan nyata juga ditunjukkan pada karakter digital image yaitu nilai Red dan nilai Green pada fase daun muda dan daun dewasa. Hasil pengelompokan menunjukkan bahwa grup pertama terdiri dari BP 939 dan grup kedua terdiri dari BP 308, BP 409, BP 936, dan BP 534. Grup kedua memiliki dua subgrup dengan jarak ketidakmiripan 30%. Subgrup 1 terdiri dari BP 308, sedangkan subgrup 2 terdiri dari BP 409, BP 936, dan BP 534. Berdasarkan studi ini, informasi terkait kekerabatan klon-klon kopi Robusta yang telah dilepas dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar untuk program persilangan masa depan