Pelita Perkebunan (Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal, CCRJ)
Not a member yet
402 research outputs found
Sort by
Cocoa seedlings growth on marginal soil as affected by application of dry walnut leaf compost and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi
Full text linkCocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a plantation commodity that is widely cultivated in Indonesia, this commodity is very important in Indonesia because it has played a role in the Indonesian economy since 1930. The problem faced in cocoa cultivation is the lack of nutrient availability due to chemicals that cause residue in the soil, resulting in the growth of cocoa seedlings are not optimal, to optimize the growth of cocoa seedlings, provide a mixture of organic fertilizer in the planting medium and provide mycorrhiza. This research used the basic pattern of a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 2 factors and repeated 3 times. The first factor is the dose of dry leaf compost (K) which consists of 3 levels, namely: Without dry leaf compost treatment/control (Kâ‚€), dry leaf compost 60 g/polybag (Kâ‚), Dry leaf compost dose 120 g/polybag (Kâ‚‚) and the second factor is the arbuscular mycorrhizal dose (M) which consists of 3 levels, namely: Without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus treatment/control (Mâ‚€), arbuscular mycorrhizal dose of 15 g/polybag (Mâ‚), and arbuscular mycorrhizal dose of 30 g/polybag (Mâ‚‚) So there are 27 experimental units. The results of the study showed that (1) there was a real interaction between the treatment of compost dose (K) and mycorrhizal dose (M) in safety. The combination of compost dose (K) 120 g/plant and mycorrhiza dose (M) 30 g/plant (K2M2) was the best treatment combination. (2) The treatment of giving a compost dose (K) had a significant effect on the variables of plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and plant dry weight. The best treatment was a compost dose of 120g/plant (K2). (3) The mycorrhizal dose (M) treatment had a very significant effect on the variables of plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and plant dry weight. The best treatment was a mycorrhizal dose of 30g/plant (M2)
Rooting and shooting of Coffea canephora stem cuttings in response to clonal chamber conditions and rooting hormone in Ghana
Full text linkMass propagation of Coffea canephora through stem cuttings using various rooting hormones and clonal chambers is an innovative practice to hasten and mass produce planting materials of coffee for commercial production. The study was conducted to determine the rooting and shooting performance of C. canephoracuttings in response to rooting hormone and the clonal chamber using semihardwood stem cuttings. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments and replicated four times. The different treatments were: cuttings treated with hormone + propagated off clonal chambercondition), control (cuttings without hormonal treatment + propagated off clonal chamber condition), cuttings treated with hormone + propagated under clonal chamber condition), and cuttings without hormonal treatment + propagated under clonal chamber condition. Data collection started on the 8 th week after propagation and data were collected on leaf number, root number, root length and mortality of cuttings for a period of ten weeks. The study indicated that, the effect of rooting hormone on the number of roots, root length and cutting mortality was significant (pï‚£ 0.05) with the exception of the number of newly developed leaves. More so, the clonal chamber had a significant effect on the number of leaves, root number and root length as well as mortality (pï‚£ 0.05). The cuttings treated with rooting hormone propagated under clonal chamber conditions significantly improved the number of roots, root length, number of leaves with the least mortality. However, cuttings propagated off the clonal chamber conditions had the highest mortality, least root number, least root length and least leaf number. Therefore, it is recommended that the ideal treatment for C. canephora cuttings for mass propagation is to treat cuttings with rooting hormone and propagated under clonal chamber condition
In silico study of RKD4 gene function in Coffea arabica L. and various cultivated plants related to embryo formation initiation
Full text linkArabica coffee supplies 60% of world coffee production because has a unique taste as superior quality beverage. Arabica coffee micropropagation can be conducted by somatic embryogenesis technique which produce clonal, fast dan uniform plant. The somatic embryogenesis (SE) process describes the integration of endogenous signals and gene reprogramming, which releases signals to initiate embryogenic processes. The use of endogenous auxin, either alone or in combination with other PGRs or stress, induces differential gene expression, which modifies the genetic program of somatic cells and regulates the transition to each stage during SE development. The RKD4 gene (RWP-RK DOMAIN-4) is a gene that plays a role in early initiation embryo formation and development. The characterization of RKD4 genes in C. arabica is still limited and under explored. The objective of this research is to explore the characteristics of RKD4 gene by comparing the difference and similarity of RKD4 gene in C. arabica and other cultivated plants. The method was initiate by identifying nucleotide sequences from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Furthermore, consists of analysis of nucletide alignment, alignment of amino acid sequences, protein analysis, protein motif functions discovery, analysis of phylogenetic tree, protein 2D and 3D-modelling and physiochemical properties. According to the analysis, there were 100 polymorphism points with a total number of mutations of 211 points. The phylogenetic tree show C. arabica L. has a very close relationship with grapes (Vitis vinivera) based on the RKD4 protein, gene structures and protein motifs. There are nine highly conserved motifs found in the protein alignment. C. arabica L. had more methyl jasmonate element responses than A. thaliana. The findings are useful to understand the intitiation of embryo formation mechanisms of C. arabica L and other cultivate plants during propagation through somatic embryogenesis in the long run
Cocoa farmers’ perception regarding the effectiveness of cocoa extension services in the Bia West District, Ghana.
No full textThe study analysed cocoa farmers’ perception on the effectiveness of agricultural extension services in the Bia West District. Data for the study was collected from 400 cocoa farmers through a multistage sampling technique. Data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results reflect a prevailing awareness among the majority of cocoa farmers (over 90%) concerning the efficacy of agricultural extension agents operating in the study area. Farmers perceived a positive impact on information dissemination and timeliness (Mean=4.08), and knowledge and skills enhancement (Mean=4.03). Employing a probit model, age (1%), engagement in off-farm activities (10%), and the age of cocoa farms (1%) emerged as significant factors that influenced farmers' perception of the effectiveness of the agents. The three key challenges faced by farmers in accessing extension services included inadequate CEA visits (1st), trust issues (2nd), and communication barriers (3rd). The study recommends the critical need to intensify and sustain extension training programmes, incentivising and supporting CEAs in fostering robust relationships within farming communities, and directing policy initiatives toward bolstering investments in communication infrastructure
Utilization of cocoa pod husk and wood charcoal into briquettes as an environmentally friendly alternative fuel.
Full text linkMany efforts have been made to convert cocoa pod husk waste into charcoal briquettes, but they have not yet met the established Indonesian National Standard(SNI). Therefore, steps are needed to produce charcoal briquettes that comply with these standards. One approach that can be taken is by blending cocoa podhusk with wood charcoal since wood charcoal has a sufficiently high calorific value that can enhance the quality of the charcoal briquettes. This research aimsto find the optimal conditions for making briquettes from cocoa pod husk and identify the impact of briquette composition and carbonization time on valuessuch as moisture content, ash content, calorific value, and burning rate of the produced briquettes. The research process includes carbonization, grinding, sieving, adding a binder, and drying, followed by testing the briquettes’ characteristics. This research was conducted by comparing the mass composition of cocoa pod husk charcoal and wood charcoal at ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75, with carbonization times of 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 hours. The best analysis results, in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), were obtained at a carbonization time of 2 hours with a composition of 50:50 (cocoa pod husk:wood charcoal). The values include a moisture content of 5.944%, ash content of 7.83571%, calorific value of 4388.5 kcal kg -1 , and burning rate of 0.0034 g second -1 . The length of the carbonization process has a significant impact on the characteristics of the resulting briquettes, including moisture content, ash content, calorific value and burning rate. The longer the carbonization process, the lower the moisture content and ash content, and the higher the heating value and burning rate
Determinants of Food Insecurity Status among Cocoa Farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria.
Full text linkFood insecurity is a lack of consistent access to enough food for every person in a household to live an active and healthy life. This can be a temporary situation for a family or can last a long time. Food insecurity is one way to measure people’s food affordability. The aim of the study was to determine factors that affect food insecurity status among cocoa farming households in Ondo state, Nigeria. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select the respondentfarmers for the study. The first stage was the purposive selection of three Local Government Areas (LGAs) from the State. Second stage was the random selectionof 15 cocoa producing communities from the three selected LGAs (the selection was proportional to size), while the third stage was the random selection of 400cocoa farming households from the selected communities. Data were collected with the use of structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Probit regression analysis. Results revealed that the majority (73.8%) of the respondents were males, out of which 84.2% were literates with at least primary school education, while (93.7%) of the respondents had enough farming experience of more than 10 years. The major significant variable determinants of food insecurity in the study area were total household income, age, household size, level of education, membership of cooperative, access to credit and farm size. It is therefore recommended that farmers should be granted more access to credit facilities at low interest rates as this further guarantees their food security
Implementation evaluation of cocoa hand pollination program in Ghana
Full text linkThe study examines the Cocoa Hand Pollination Program (CHPP) and its potential to revolutionize cocoa farming in Ghana's cocoa industry. The study employed an exploratory research design, collecting primary data through structured questionnaires from 367 cocoa farmers, 159 pollinators, and 30 extension staff. Data were analyzed descriptively. The study revealed that cocoa farmers have a relatively low level of knowledge about CHPP's objectives but perceive these goals as highly important. Farmers have successfully increased cocoa yield per hectare but face challenges in boosting overall cocoa production. Farmers exhibit a good understanding of CHPP activities and consider them crucial for program success. Pollinators have successfully enhanced natural pollination but are less positive about their contributions to socioeconomic livelihood improvement and entrepreneurship skills. Extension staff perceive the program as successful in helping farmers increase yield per hectare. However, the goals of integrating hand pollination into routine GAP activities have faced challenges. The efforts and goals of CHPP are generally valued by extension administrators who are committed to the program. Organizational and community characteristics generally favoured the program, but there were inconsistencies in the timely delivery of essential tools. This study offers valuable insights into the program's challenges and opportunities, providing essential information for policymakers and researchers working to improve cocoa production, uplift farmer livelihoods, and address similar agricultural contexts. Addressing challenges, enhancing knowledge sharing, and optimizing program elements can ensure cocoa farming's long-term sustainability and success, benefiting local farmers and the cocoa industry as a whol
Controlled Temperature Condition to Optimize the Storage Period and the Seeds Quality of Five Coffee Varieties
Full text linkThere is increasing interest of Indonesian coffee farmers to propagate coffee plants by using generative seeds due to easiness on distribution and production.The harvest time of coffee seed and the time for sowing/planting is separated by six months. This requires coffee seeds to be stored at least for the period.Technology for coffee storage is challenging due to the characteristic of coffee seeds as intermediate seeds which are sensitive to drying. The development of efficient and effective storage methods for coffee seeds is urgently needed. This study was aimed to evaluate the germination viability and quality of coffee seedlings obtained from the seeds that have been stored for up to 12 months in the warehouse. This study employed five coffee varieties including three Arabica coffee (USDA 762, P 88, and Gayo 1), and two Robusta coffee (propellegitim and Hibiro). One kilogram package of each variety (four replications) was stored in the warehouse at a temperature of 20 °C ± 2 °C. Each replication of the coffee seeds was then evaluated for germination viability and seedling quality on 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of storage. Fresh coffee seeds (without storage) were used for comparison. The results showed a decrease in seeds’ moisture content during storage. Arabica coffee seeds were able to maintain their viability after six months of storage and Robusta coffee seeds after three months. Fresh coffee seeds showed the best seedling growth performance and seedling quality index. Arabica coffee USDA 762 stored for six months was able to produce seedlings with high plant performance, root length, stem diameter, and number of leaves similar to that of seedlings generated from fresh seed. Robusta coffee seedlings sown from fresh seeds had better quality compared to those from stored ones
Analysis of volatile compounds in roasted Liberica Coffee in the Philippines by gas chromatography mass spectrometry
Full text linkThe study is aimed at evaluating volatile compounds of Liberica coffee (Coffea liberica) collected from Lipa Batangas. Sample analysis was performed using Static Headspace Gas Chromatography. The roasting process also generated furans, pyridines, aldehydes ,and pyrazines potent volatile compounds in Liberica beans including unique volatile compounds including Terpinene 4-acetate (0.65%) and trans-β-Ocimene (0.47%). Furthermore, the presence of the abovementioned compounds revealed the essential marker as Liberica coffee beans. This finding may help to add more information with regards to the volatile compounds of Liberica Coffee
Mapping coffee base countries in the world: Case studies from three continents (Africa-America-Asia).
Full text linkThe agricultural sector has an important role in the world economy, including the coffee commodity in the plantation subsector. More than 80 countries on the continents of Africa, America and Asia produce coffee and involve more than 100 million people in the process. The growth rate of coffee on these three continents also shows positive values. The aim of this research is to map the countries that are the basis for coffee in the world and look at the prospects for coffee in these countries. The novelty of the research lies in comparing coffee production during the 2017-2022 period in coffee producing countries on three continents, namely Africa, America and Asia. The analysis used to achieve research objectives is Location Quotient (LQ), Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ) analysis and a combination of both. The research results show that there are 28% of countries on the African continent that have LQ values ​​> 1, 31% on the American continent and 16% on the Asian continent. The DLQ value which shows the prospects for coffee commodities in the future can be seen that on the African continent there are 10 countries that have a DLQ value > 1, while on the American continent there are 13 countries and on the Asian continent there are 9 countries. The American continent has more countries in the Mainstay category (39%), compared to other continents, this indicates that the prospects for coffee commodities on the American continent are quite good in the future