Toyo Eiwa University Repository / 東洋英和女学院大学学術リポジトリ
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Challenges of English Modality and Techniques for Addressing Them
Get PDFBy reviewing relevant literature, this paper offers insight into modal auxiliaries and phrasal modals including 1) their functions and meanings, 2) L1 and L2 acquisition of English modals, and 3) differences in the use of modals between Japanese learners of English and native English speakers based on corpus studies. Based on findings from the literature review, the final section will focus on Epistemic modality (possibility, prediction, or certainty), one of the more challenging types of modality for L2 Japanese learners, and outline several activities to familiarize adult students, whose English proficiency levels are beginner to low-intermediate, with key functions of modals. The activities aim for students to complete them in the target language in pairs, so the collaborative activities can also help develop their communicative competence.本稿は、関連する文献から、助動詞の特徴、助動詞の第２言語としての習得過程, そして、コーパス研究を基に日本人英語学習者と英語話者との助動詞の種類別使用頻度の違いを再度見直し、学習者にとってより実用性の高い、認知モダリティー（推論・過程）として使用される助動詞の習得を促す活動を提案する。この活動では、ターゲットとなる助動詞を使って、ペアでタスクを完成させることを目標とすることで、協働学習によるコミュニケーション能力の向上も図る。departmental bulletin pape
The Psychology of Dementia : The Mental World of People with Dementia
Get PDFIn this paper, I examine the suffering of people with dementia and their caregivers. I begin by explaining basic matters such as the prevalence of dementia, types and epidemiology of dementia, and the diagnostic criteria for cognitive functions. These are based on cases observed in Japan, which has the world’s oldest population. Next, based on a theory of care and control in caregiving, I examine two case studies where the caregiver and care recipient suffered as their minds misunderstood each other. After this, I examine the characteristics of the conversations of people with dementia, which were revealed through conversation experiments using a teleoperated robot, “Telenoid,” that show the suffering of misunderstanding due to different communication styles. I also suggest that incorporating our newly created Conversational Assessment of Neurocognitive Dysfunction (CANDy) measure into caregiving tasks may facilitate conversations between people with dementia and their caregivers. Finally, based on experiments that used pictures of some situations and abstract figures, I show the characteristics of visual perception of the external world among people with dementia, and examine the problem of experiencing reality differently between people with dementia and their caregivers.departmental bulletin pape
Hannah Riddell Honored by Medal with Blue Ribbon : The Turning Point in Japanese Measures against Leprosy
Get PDFHannah Riddell (1855–1932), a Church of England missionary to Japan, set up a leprosarium named Kaishun Hospital in Kumamoto in 1895. After struggling with the Church Mission Society that sent her to Japan, Riddell quit the society in 1900. Her hospital soon faced economic hardship and Riddell started making contact with significant persons at that time such as Ōkuma Shigenobu and Shibusawa Eiichi. Moved by her devotion to those afflicted by leprosy, Ōkuma and Shibusawa held a meeting regarding leprosy on November 6, 1905. Some thirty influential politicians, businessmen, medical doctors and journalists got together and decided to help Riddell financially and also establish a committee for enacting a law regarding leprosy in the future. The committee led the government of Japan to enact the first leprosy prevention law in 1907. The law, however, was not accordant with Riddell’s policy by that time. The November 1905 meeting was the turning point where the authorities started transforming leprosy into an object of social work from that of a charitable enterprise. The reasons why Riddell was honored by the Medal with Blue Ribbon in 1906 were not only because of her charitable work for leprosy patients but also due to the fact that she, though not intentionally, created an opportunity to enact Japan’s first leprosy prevention law.departmental bulletin pape
Mental Health and Spirituality among Japanese People
Get PDFSpiritual well-being is considered to be a crucial part of human health. As stated in the official policy documents of the WHO, and demonstrated by ensuing discussions in the field, it is necessary to focus on the physical, mental, social and spiritual conditions of people in the field of public health. Although spirituality plays an important part in improving mental health, it has been overlooked in Japanese society. This is mainly due to the lack of a proper Japanese word that refers to “spirituality” in daily conversations.
Talking openly about death and dying has also been avoided among Japanese people since the end of World War II, which represented a total defeat of the nation. A tremendous loss of human life as well as memories of social and political disrespect toward human life during the war led Japanese people to avoid the issue of death, regarding it as taboo. The postwar period of high economic growth was comparable to a manic defense of the people, the counteraction to the great psychological loss.
As time passed and changes occurred in the field of medical services, such as directly informing patients about their cancer, and the introduction and spread of hospice care, Japanese people were gradually moved to confront the topics of death and dying. Restoring a spiritual sense to help each individual cope with their mortal destiny is an urgent task for society.departmental bulletin pape
