Toyo Eiwa University Repository / 東洋英和女学院大学学術リポジトリ
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“Play” and “Morals” in ECE Practice Theory :The idea of a curriculum that embraces uncertainty
Get PDFExcessive “protection” by practitioner (educator) providers can sometimes leave children who are not able to think for themselves as “immature.” This is nothing but a warning bell that “protection,” which is supposed to encourage human development, can have the opposite effect to its intended purpose, as Kant asked in “What is Enlightenment?” (1784) and “Lectures on Padagogy” (1803). This question continues to this day, for example, as a search for a ECE curriculum that contains uncertainty and does not invite excessive “protection.” It is necessary to take a good-hearted anticipation to “protect” children who are concerned about their safety, but if we insist on ensuring certainty that does not allow any accidents, an unnecessary level of control will be strengthened, and the path to growth that encourages childrenʼs free thinking may be alienated.
In this way, the search for the ideal form of “protection” in ECE (education) has continued since the establishment of modern education. Based on the above concerns, this paper reconsiders the image of “protected”“play” in which childrenʼs “play” is divided into “good play” and “bad play” and only “good play” is selected for the development of good people. Specifically, by looking back at the discussions of the Childcare Problems Study Group, which has shaped a corner of ECE theory in Japan, we examine the fact that “protection” to avoid physical danger and to avoid negative influences on childrenʼs morality and ethics can hinder childrenʼs autonomy and acquisition of knowledge and skills, which should be the original purpose of ECE (education). Here, we first look back at the practice of “persimmon thief” proposed to the play subcommittee of the Childcare Problems Study Group (Chapter 1) and consider what “protection” means in “play”. Next, we consider a childcare practice theory that creates an ECE curriculum that incorporates uncertainty based on the discussions of the play subcommittee on this practice (Chapter 2).departmental bulletin pape
Christian Kindergarten Teacher Training by the Woman’s Missionary Society(W.M.S.) at Toyo Eiwa：Focusing on the Normal Class
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of the Christian kindergarten teacher training program at Toyo Eiwa, which began as a W.M.S. project. I examined the students’ class notes from the 1947 school year. The Normal Class was a mock Sunday School class that could be interpreted as “a class and a training to prepare students for their lifelong responsibilities as Christians and members of the society in which they live, as well as promote the qualifications and attitudes appropriate for kindergarten teachers”. The classes embodied theory and practice. The Normal Class was also placed in the curriculum as part of Toyo Eiwaʼs characteristic Christian teacher training program for early childhood educators. The reason for this can be found by examining the characteristics of the W.M.S. I examined the placement of missionary activity at that time and considered it in terms of the characteristics of the Methodist Church of Canada, to which the W.M.S. belonged.
It is suggested that this Normal Class was fundamental in the development of the unique Christian kindergarten teacher training program at Toyo Eiwa.departmental bulletin pape
Trust in Media: Critical Review of the Concept and the Measure
Get PDFAlong with the diversification of information gathering through online news and social media, research studies dealing with trust in media have increased. Declining trust in media may have a negative impact on democratic society as well as the erosion of media companies. This article reviews media trust or media credibility research, especially how they have been measured, and discusses how to analyze media trust in the age of information.
Although many studies have pointed out that media trust is multidimensional, the items of these scales are constructed from a journalistic perspective and have an assumption that respondents are familiar with the media in question. However, applying the dual-process model of information processing, it is highly likely that information consumption in modern society is processed through peripheral rather than central routes. Developing a scale to analyze this pattern of information consumption and clarifying the different criteria for different media are needed for future research. It is also important to recognize that trust in media is affected by social contexts.departmental bulletin pape
Empathy Population and the Transformation of Tourism:A Paradigm Shift from Visitation to Empathy
Get PDFIn the current era of global “mega-competition in tourism,” the very nature of tourism is being re-examined. Moving beyond a visitor-numbers-first paradigm, the field is entering a phase that seeks to build long-term relationships anchored in empathy with regions. This paper defines a new concept, the Empathy Population—people who empathize with a region and connect with it not only through direct visits but also via digital means such as purchases, donations, and social-media communication—and presents the Empathy Behavioral Model (AEAA: Awareness–Engagement–Action–Advocacy) to specify the stages of such behavior. To probe the mechanisms of empathy formation, we conducted a qualitative analysis of industry–government–university PBL activities supporting Tohoku’s reconstruction and demonstrated the effectiveness of the Real × Digital Transformation (RDX) approach as an integrative transformation. On this basis, the paper proposes a vision of a society in which empathy circulates and outlines directions for future research.departmental bulletin pape
日本の職場における中国人女性の「うまくやれている」感覚に関する研究
Get PDFThis study explores the workplace experiences of Chinese women who were formerly international students and are now employed in Japan. Building on Inoue (2025), which identified four key factors contributing to their subjective well-being, this paper further develops the concept of “doing well” by focusing not only on what supports their well-being, but on how they come to feel they are doing well over time. Rather than framing their experiences through the concept of “adaptation,” which often implies adjustment to external standards, this study takes a more person-centered approach that foregrounds self-perceived growth, recognition, and emotional meaning.
Drawing on a constructivist paradigm, the study analyzes 29 qualitative interviews with 10 participants. While the previous study (Inoue, 2025) highlighted factors such as self-efficacy, job satisfaction, supportive relationships, and identity recognition, this paper shifts the analytical lens to the process through which the sense of “doing well” is formed and sustained. This process is not linear but unfolds gradually: from initial efforts to navigate unfamiliar systems, to demonstrating unique strengths, gaining trust, and finally being recognized not just as foreign workers, but as whole people. To deepen the analysis, this study adopts an expanded theoretical framework that includes Social Identity Theory, Identity Negotiation Theory, Face Negotiation Theory, and the concepts of face, shame, and pride. These perspectives shed light on how participants negotiate identity and emotional experiences in intercultural workplaces. The findings suggest that “doing well” involves the recovery of pride through social recognition, especially in the face of moments when one’s identity or competence feels questioned.
By highlighting the ongoing, emotionally charged, and relational nature of “doing well,” this study offers an alternative to adaptation-focused models. It argues that success in intercultural work settings cannot be fully understood through behavioral adjustment alone. Instead, it calls for greater attention to how foreign employees feel seen, respected, and valued as individuals. These insights have practical implications for creating more supportive and inclusive workplace cultures.本研究は、日本で働く元留学生中国人女性の就労経験に焦点を当て、「適応（adaptation）」ではなく「doing well（うまくやっているという実感）」という概念を用いて、その形成プロセスを探究するものである。先行研究（Inoue, 2025）では、主観的な充実感に寄与する4つの要素――①自己効力感、②仕事への満足感、③上司や同僚との支援的関係、④個人としての承認――が明らかにされた。本研究はこの知見をもとに、10名への計29回のインタビューデータを分析し、「doing well」の感覚が、初期の困難を乗り越え、努力を積み重ねながら少しずつ築かれていくプロセスであることを明らかにした。特に、単に外国人社員としてではなく、一人の人間として見られ、信頼され、認められることが「doing well」の感覚に深く関わっていた。分析には、社会的アイデンティティ理論、アイデンティティ交渉理論、フェイス交渉理論に加え、フェイス（face）、シェイム（shame）、プライド（pride）といった概念を統合的に用いた。これにより、異文化職場におけるアイデンティティの揺らぎや、その回復に向けた交渉の過程が浮かび上がった。 本研究は、「適応」という枠組みだけでは捉えきれない、外国人社員の内面的かつ関係的な経験に注目し、より包摂的な職場づくりに向けた示唆を提供するものである。departmental bulletin pape
Subjective Well-Being of Former International Student Employees in the Japanese Workplace: A Study Based on the Experiences of Chinese Female Employees
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to explore the factors influencing the subjective well-being (hereafter referred to as SWB) of former international Chinese female students working in Japan. Currently, Japanese society is facing a labor shortage due to declining birth rates and an aging population. The Japanese government considers international students who have studied at Japanese universities as “potential highly skilled professionals” and promotes their employment in Japan. Additionally, Japanese companies are experiencing an increasing demand for “bridge personnel” as business globalization progresses. On the other hand, surveys indicate that approximately 60% of international students wish to find employment in Japan. However, research also shows that former international employees tend to leave their jobs early.
In view of this, the present study focuses on the positive emotions of Chinese female employees working in Japan, considering that collaboration between people with different cultural backgrounds is becoming inevitable in society and companies due to globalization. Specifically, the study examines the factors affecting the SWB of Chinese female employees in Japan who have long-term career aspirations in the country.
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five former international Chinese female students, and the data were analyzed using the constructivist grounded theory approach. The findings revealed four factors: 1) whether they can feel confident in their work, 2) whether they can build the necessary interpersonal relationships in the workplace, 3) whether they can find fulfillment in their work, and 4) whether they are accepted as individuals rather than as foreigners. Furthermore, these four factors were found to interact with one another, functioning together to contribute to attaining SWB in the workplace.departmental bulletin pape
