Toyo Eiwa University Repository / 東洋英和女学院大学学術リポジトリ
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An Annotated Inventory of Plants Found on the Campus of Toyo Eiwa University (Yokohama) : Plants Used for Human Consumption
Get PDFP(論文)In this paper, the result of an inventory of plants fit for human consumption found on the campus of Toyo Eiwa University is presented, and how these plants can be used is described. Each description includes the Japanese plant name, its Latin name, the name of the part(s) of the plant used, and the literary source of each plant's use with an annotation. Among the plants on the Toyo Eiwa University campus, 276 such species have been found. These plants therefore are useful in promoting learning through nature and in the enrichment of life. Some notes of importance, for example, to know how to identify such plants, the history of such plants, plants as these used in children's games, the cooking and preservation of these items, their local names, the manner of plant collection, and a list of poisonous plants are also included. A plan for utilizing this information to develop learning programs for students and people of the surrounding communities is also described.departmental bulletin pape
Crossing Boundaries through an Initiation : The Process of Psychotherapy with an Adolescent Male Suffering from Student Apathy
No full textP(論文)2009年3月「日本臨床心理士会 倫理ガイドライン」(第7期倫理委員会発行)において、初めて公式に、公開媒体としての「インターネット」についての言及がみられ、「インターネット公開」は一般市民を対象とする「公共的発言」と考えうること、一般読者(専門家ではなく)に「誤解」を受けることがないよう配慮が必要、との方向性が示されています。このガイドラインに基づき、この論文を精査したところ、最新の臨床倫理的水準に照らした場合、特に来談者を含む「一般読者の誤解」については十分対応出来うるものではない、と判断し、論文削除を行いました。This paper presents the process of the psychotherapy with an adolescent male who had Student Apathy symptoms, and attempts to review how the client who had been caught within boundaries had been able to cross over those boundaries through an initiation in psychotherapy. The characteristic pathology of student apathy is that one continues to dwell in a state of boundary without going through the initiation necessary to become an adult. The client of this case appeared to have the problem of living in the world of various boundaries, such as the boundary between adult and child, pathological boundaries, the boundary between reality and dreams, and the boundary between life and death. Though today's society has lost initiation as a social system, one internally experiences an initiation through psychotherapy when one must cross over a decisive boundary in the process of growing up. This case shows that, when experiencing an internal initiation, the vertical transition in which one deepens a boundary is important, instead of the horizontal transition in which one makes a conscious effort to cross over a boundary in a phased and linear manner.departmental bulletin pape
Care for the Dead and Cure for the Suffering They Inflict : in Mesopotamia Viewed in the Light of the Concept of 'Person' in Death
Get PDFPeople in Ancient Mesopotamia (ca. 3000-500 BC) believed that they would continue to exist as spirits (et.emmu) after death in the netherworld and they must be fed with kispu, which their living family had to periodically offer to them (see the author’s “Offering for the Dead in Mesopotamia,” Annual of the Institute of Thanatology 2007).
If the spirits were not adequately buried or taken care of, they could cause various troubles for the living. These could be evil omens, frightening apparitions, or physical or mental diseases. The professionals who handled these problems were called ??ipu which is still defined by standard Akkadian dictionaries as ‘magician.’ Recent studies have shown that the ??ipu belonged to a temple and had not one but several functions including priest, magician and physician. And the asu, which is conventionally translated as ‘physician,’was proved to have been the pharmacist, bone setter and performer of minor surgery and to have assisted the ??ipu. JoAnn Scurlock (esp. 2002, 2005 and 2006) contributed greatly in presenting a much clearer image of the ??ipu caring for spirits and healing diseases caused by them in Mesopotamia. It is not easy to understand ancient phenomena as belonging to several modern categories such as religion, magic and science, at the same time. These categories, however, are undergoing reconsideration today.
Departed spirits are the responsibility of the living family. But many texts assumed the existence of all kinds of spirits, of both known and unknown people, which might cause trouble for unspecified reasons. It can be compared with the long Japanese tradition caring for not only メソポタミアの「慰霊」と「治療」 the spirits of one’s own family, shouryou（ 精霊）, but also the spirits of strangers, muen-botoke（ 無縁仏）, mainly on the occasion of urabon（ 盂蘭盆）. Anthropology and Ethnology have been the analyzing ambiguous attitude of living people toward their ancestors and the dead who might be merciful or frightening for them.
V. Jankelevitch (1966), a French philosopher, distinguished ‘the death in the third person, in the second person and in the first person.’ However, he added that death in each person is reflexively death in the first person. Ph. Aries (1977) adopted certain key terms such as ‘the death of the self (la mort de soi)’ and ‘thy death (la mort de toi)’ from Jankelevitch for his reconstruction of a history of Western Europe from the Middle Ages to fit the respective attitudes toward death. Aries added that death has come to be thought of as taboo in the latter half of 20th century in Europe.
K. Yanagida (1995) applied the theory of ‘person’ in death to describe matters related to death in contemporary Japan. He explained that ‘my death,’ ‘your death’ and ‘his/her/people’s death’ are all totally different. He later (2002) suggested, however, the idea of ‘death in person two-pointfive（’ 二･五人称）, so that we could have an empathy with ‘death in the third person.’ It is not rare now in Japan to hear : ‘His/Her death is for me the death in ‘person two-point-three（’ 二･三人称）, that is: ‘nearer to the second person than to the third person.’ In Japanese, grammatical person is usually expressed in cardinal numbers, (such as ‘person one’ （一人称）, not in ordinal numbers such as ‘the first person’ （第一人称）. This makes it possible to add further divisions between two and three.
It is not wrong to adopt foreign thoughts and terminologies and to improve on or change them to make them fit for our situation in Japan. We should, however, consider the ambiguity of both death and the dead. We should also be aware of distortions that occur when we use modern and contemporary terms for ancient phenomena.departmental bulletin pape
Implementation of Education for Supporting the Independence of Students in Psychiatric Nursing
Get PDFP(論文)The purpose of psychiatric nursing is not only to solve problems in the field of psychiatry but also to promote an understanding of psychiatric health that is basic to all individuals. The underlying goal of this research is to strengthen the role of psychiatric nursing education so that it can train nurses who can provide the kind of support and assistance to patients that will enable them to actively lead the kind of life they aspire to. To achieve these goals, this study explored various types of task-based learning activities that could be implemented in the education of psychiatric nurses. Task-based learning was selected for implementation because it is a method that encourages students to independently undertake the learning of presented tasks and thus focuses on allowing students to develop their own motivations for learning. Specifically, during class each student engaged in self-reflection through undertaking learning tasks and activities designed to promote understanding of issues pertaining to mentally disabled individuals. These tasks included the use of newspaper articles related to these issues selected by the students themselves, application of audiovisual teaching materials, and process recording. These classes all aimed to provide opportunities for students to participate actively and think independently. Specifically, the instructor first presented tasks to students, compiled issues obtained from the records submitted by students, and then made use of the issues that were compiled as teaching material. The study analyzes the results of the teaching/learning activities and their impact on nursing students and further proposes issues for future consideration and investigation. One of the conclusions of the study is that task-based learning is effective not only in the teaching and training of students in psychiatric nursing, which was the focus of this study, but that it may also be a valuable approach in a variety of adult learning programs.departmental bulletin pape
Specialty of Child Care Workers (Hoikushi) of Day Nurseries and the Problem of Present Training System
Get PDFP(論文)The purpose of this research is try to verify whether the present system for training of the child care worker of day nursery functions well or not. The method of this research is the followings. One is the use of questionnaires for child welfare institutions, and the other is listening to the ideas or the points of view of people with academic background and others in the today's system of training child care workers of day nursery. The results of these investigations are as follows. 1) The necessity of enhancement of training curriculum for child care workers of day nurseries in school are "developmental psychology", "theory of family support", "social work" and so on. 2) It is better to get the qualification for child care workers of day nursery in four years than in two years. 3) It is necessary that a system which enables those who have been trained for 2 years to step up their qualification as that of 4 years. 4) It is better that the qualification for child care workers of day nurseries should be a general rather than separate qualifications for each age groups and each field, for example. 5) It is necessary to impose a national examination in addition to the graduation from the training school to secure child care workers' (of day nurseries) specialty. 6) The present examination system to acquire child care worker of day nursery's qualification should be continued under the condition of the imposition of the practice and so on.departmental bulletin pape
Symbolism of Symmetry in the Ainu Culture : From the Viewpoint of Analytical Psychology
Get PDFP(論文)アイヌ文化において、 「神(カムイ)の世界」と「人間の世界」の相互透過性には、中沢の「対象性」理論が機能していることが認められる。この二者関係の心理的変転のなかに、無意識由来の「交流不可能なるエネルギー対象」の出現がみられる。生活することの主体としての意識が、全体性のバランスを回復する方向性にあって、これを受け入れ、享受し、送り届ける、という内的作業の象徴的意味を拡充させつつ、分析心理学的考察を試みた。departmental bulletin pape
The SPM-based Speaking Test at Toyo Eiwa University : A look into the contextualized scoring system
Get PDFP(論文)本学国際社会学科国際コミュニケーション専攻では、学生の英語コミュニケーション能力向上のため、またそのような教育・学習効果測定の一環として、2007年度より対面面接型英語能力試験(スピーキングテスト)を実施している。このテストは、SPM In-class Speech Test(Soresi, 2004, 2008)を原型として、本学学生の進度等の特性に応じて調整を加えた(Contextualized)もので、質問に対する自由応答の発話率(speech Rate)を測定する。この試験の定期的な実施により、英語コミュニケーション能力の中でも、とくに談話を継続・展開し、表現内容を発展させる能力の向上が期待できる。本稿では、本テストの原開発者であるS.ソレイシィと本学における改良の一部を担当した鈴木が、まずテストの開発理念と特色について、テスト理論や第二言語習得理論の諸概念を用い説明する。次に、実際に英語における発話率を測定する際の具体的規則を、機能言語学・談話研究等における知見をふまえつつ提案する。departmental bulletin pape
A Reexamination of Studies on Ancient Mesopotamian Religion
Get PDFP(論文)This paper focuses on some conflicting aspects of current studies on Ancient Mesopotamian religion. In my view, the history of the studies on Assyriology (mainly philological studies on cuneiform texts from the Ancient Near East including Mesopotamia) can be divided into three major stages. The first stage (ca. 1850-1950) is characterized by a theological interest in parallels between the Bible and the textual and archaeological remains of Mesopotamia. The second stage (ca. 1950-1985) was intended to be free from a theological perspective and to describe the ancient remains without bias. A. Leo Oppenheim, a leading assyriologist at that time, argued in his book Ancient Mesopotamia (1964) that "a Mesopotamian religion should not be written," because the available material was limited. His claim may also have been based on the fact that the different religious elements like myth, prayer, and incantation are often correlated or mixed in the religious texts. His arguments had held influence until Th. Jacobsen introduced the concept of 'the sacred' (first used by Rudolf Otto, Das Heilige, 1917) into Assyriology and wrote his book The Treasures of Darkness. A History of Mesopotamian Religion (1976). This work seems to have prepared the way for a third stage which continues today. In this stage, especially the religious texts including incantations are intensively studied. It is of note that some encyclopedic dictionaries and introductions not only have adopted the concept of 'the sacred' to describe the religion of Ancient Mesopotamia but also have adopted comparative viewpoints in describing religions across regions such as Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Syria, Anatolia, etc. For example, in these cases the correspondent phenomena are all organized under like topics such as deities, myth, offerings, rites, religious personnel, etc. In the field of Religious Studies, scholars are challenged to reconsider the modern concept of religion. Assyriologists as well can benefit from these reevaluations. For example, even the concept of 'the sacred' itself is also something which should be examined critically. In this sense, both the argument of Oppenheim and that of Jacobsen have not yet been convincingly settled. Moreover, we must be careful when we use modern languages for discussing ancient religion. Ancient words for certain religious concepts may never be duly replicated in modern languages.departmental bulletin pape
The Role of International NGOs in Democratization Assistance in Southeast Asia : Cooperation with Local NGOs through Election Monitoring Activities
Get PDFP(論文)選挙は紛争後の国家建設において重要な第一歩になる。しかもその実施される選挙は「自由で公正な」選挙でなければ、正統な政府として国際社会から認知されないばかりか、国家建設に向けて必要な国際社会からの支援も得られなくなる。そこで、当該国は外国政府、国際機関や国際NGOに選挙監視を要請する。東南アジアの政治体制をみると、国家主導の開発独裁体制や軍事政権を過去に経験したり、あるいは現在においても継続している。そのなかで、かつて開発独裁体制下にあったフィリピンやタイの市民社会/NGO(非政府組織)の民主化運動の経験が、他の東南アジア諸国のそれらに大きな影響を及ぼした。例えば、スハルト開発独裁体制下の民主化運動においてもそれが該当する。本稿ではスハルト開発独裁体制の崩壊を次の三つの市民社会/NGOレベルの支援プロセスから考察する。まず西欧諸国政府と連携した西側国際NGOの役割から、次にアジアのトランスナショナルNGOの役割から、最後にインドネシアの国内NGOの役割から考察する。つまり、三つのレベルの市民社会/NGO支援には共通の「グローバル・スタンダード」があるのか。それは、西側先進諸国が目指す「グッド・ガバナンス」に収斂するのか。また、かつてアジアの権威主義体制を主導した政治指導者が体制擁護に用いた「アジア的価値観」や「アジア的民主主義」を再考する。むしろそれらが、それぞれの地域社会で活動する市民社会/NGOが展開する多様な価値観に裏づけされたボトムアップの民主主義とつながるのではないか。つまり、上記三つのレベルの市民社会/NGO支援は民主主義国家建設を目指している点では共通しているものの、他方でその道程に対する寛容度は相達するのではないか。最後に、西側諸国とイスラム諸国の対立が深刻化している国際関係にあって、多様な価値観を背景に持つ東南アジアの市民社会/NGOは、自らの民主化運動の経験を共有するすることで、国境を超えた橋渡しの役割が期待されている。Elections represent a significant step for the reconstruction of failed states if they are free and fair and monitored by international NGOs as well as foreign governments. It is important that the elections are evaluated by other countries. And then the state has the qualifications to accept assistance from advanced Western countries. Most Southeast Asian countries are/were authoritarian regimes or developmental dictatorships. Of these countries, the Philippines and Thailand overcame their political systems before others. The roles played by NGOs and civil society organizations (CSOs) in the democratization processes of the Philippines and Indonesia were great. As a result, they influenced the processes of other countries for and gave impetus to various movements for democratization. For example, we can understand that the democratization NGO/CSOs caused outside forces to crack down on the Suharto regime. In this article, I will analyze the role of transnational NGOs/CSOs in democratization. In the first section, I will address the issue of why election monitoring NGOs became forced on this role, examining them from the viewpoint of the influence of globalization toward democratization. In the second section, I focused on the democratic processes of the Philippines and Thailand. The election monitoring, NGOs sided with western society against developmental dictatorships, promoting democratization for "Good Governance." In other words, the mission of international NGOs was to complete "free and fair" elections as in Western democracy. In the third section, I explain how the NGOs/CSOs of Southeast Asia basically accepted "Good Governance" , which is a Western concept and part of a global standard which was promoted by Western international NGOs. On the other hand, rapid westernization led to unstable societies. I think the introduction of the "Global Standard" with westernization should be slow and needs the harmonization of "Asian Values". Finally, the linkages between international NGO and Asian NGOs/CSOs will increase in importance as the number of terrorist groups continues to rise.departmental bulletin pape