Toyo Eiwa University Repository / 東洋英和女学院大学学術リポジトリ
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A study of Soviet policy and Japanese repatriation in Dairen and Sakhalin
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πδλεμoι and μαχαι in James 4:1-2: Is a Violent Meaning Impossible?
Get PDFP(論文)There is a reference to 'wars'and 'battles in James 4:1-2. These apparentlymilitary terms tend to be understood by the majority of scholars in metaphorical ways,like as 'synonyms for strife and quarreling' in general (M. Dibelius), 'the chronic andthe acute hostilities in the community (J. H. Ropes), 'quarrels and struggles' amongthe readers (Bo Reicke), 'violent dispute' (S. Laws), 'a strong symbolization of thedivisions and instability of the addressees' (D. H. Edgar).These terms would certainly allude to quarrels occurring in the community.But what kind of quarrels? Just ones within the limit of vehement disputes by wordswithout recourse to any violent act? It seems that the possibility of using violencecannot be easily eliminated.This article purports to show that the war and battle terms in James 4:1-2 couldrefer to the actual use of violence in quarrels in the following outline.1. The setting of the problem2. The lexicographical meaning and usage3. The po/lemov / ma/xh word-group in the New Testament4. The socio-political and socio-economic concern and the contextual analysisof the text5. The historical consideration6. Our interpretation7. Conclusiondepartmental bulletin pape
Punished by Rewards? Application and Misapplication of the Principles of Operant Conditioning
Get PDFP(論文)人間の学習行動に関して、心理学の領域では、数々の目覚しい発見がなされてきた。そしてそれらは、人々の仕事や教育、また生活での他の側面において、有益となる直接的な応用をもたらすといえる。しかしながら、基礎概念の誤解に基づいた、誤った応用もまた多く見られる。本論文では、B. F. Skinner によって唱えられたオペラント条件付けのキーとなる原則について説明しAlfie Kohn の著書『Punished by Rewards: The Trouble with GoldStars, Incentive Plans, A's, Praise, and Other Bribes』の中で詳述されているオペラント条件付けの誤用例とそれらを対比させて論じている。Breakthroughs in the psychological study of human learning can have direct applicationthat benefits people in their work, education, and other aspects of life. However,misapplication based on the misunderstanding of key concepts can also abound.In this article, some basic principles of Skinnerian operant conditioning are explainedand contrasted with examples of its misapplication detailed in the book, Punished byRewards: The Trouble with Gold Stars, Incentive Plans, A's, Praise and other Bribes(Kohn, 1993). From this analysis, an initial plan for those who wish to more skillfullyapply Skinnerian techniques is drawn forth and explained.departmental bulletin pape
Benefits of the "Free Play Room (Yuugi-shitsu)" for Foreign Children in Kindergarten : Toward the Development for Multicultural Early Childhood Care and Education in Japan
Get PDFP(論文)グローバリゼーションの影響を受け、日本に居住する外国人登録者は増加し、幼児教育保育の現場への影響も顕著である。こうしたことから、1980年代終わり頃より、多文化幼児教育の研究と実践の重要性が語られ行われてきた。しかし、その多くが子どもの日本語や日本文化の習得や適応性に焦点をおくものであった。本稿は、ある幼稚園のオープン・スペースである「遊戯室(ホール)」が、外国籍児にはどのような空間となっているのか自然観察法により調査した。「遊戯室(ホール)」が外国籍児の母語の保持と新しい言語と文化の習得の場であることが明らかになり、今後、空間の効用が多文化幼児教育実践の発展へと繋がることが期待される。departmental bulletin pape
The Process of Acquiring Femininity for Girls in Adolescence : 'Tearing/Splitting' as Inner Expression
No full textP(論文)2009年3月「日本臨床心理士会 倫理ガイドライン」(第7期倫理委員会発行)において、初めて公式に、公開媒体としての「インターネット」についての言及がみられ、「インターネット公開」は一般市民を対象とする「公共的発言」と考えうること、一般読者(専門家ではなく)に「誤解」を受けることがないよう配慮が必要、との方向性が示されています。このガイドラインに基づき、この論文を精査したところ、最新の臨床倫理的水準に照らした場合、特に来談者を含む「一般読者の誤解」については十分対応出来うるものではない、と判断し、論文削除を行いました。How do adolescent girls "acquire" femininity? In this article, the question is analyzed using clinicaldata, centering upon the expression "tearing / splitting."Initiation rites as the social practice of uncivilized societies have been lost in modern societies. Thesignificance of this loss seems to affect boys particularly, since they are initiated in more intricate ritesthan girls. As a matter of fact, however, the loss also has a strong impact on girls, who share the samegender as their mothers. The importance of the bond between a girl and her mother has often beenpointed out from a psychoanalytical viewpoint. In modern society, in the process of attaining womanhood,femininity needs to be actively "acquired" rather than just "accepted."In order to analyze this issue, a clinical case was introduced in this article. The case included interviewsthat focused on drawing squiggles with a sixteen-year-old girl. It was suggested that the expressionof "tearing / splitting" in the squiggles imply not only separating from or departing from objects butalso sometimes taking the objects in. Further, feminine motifs appeared after the expressions of "tearing/ splitting," suggesting that the expression of "tearing / splitting" connects somewhere with femininity.From this case it is conceivable that femininity in adolescent girls is "acquired" by experiencing"tearing / splitting" in various ways. This is not likely to be a process in which girls just "accept" femininity,but more likely to be a process in which each girl in her adolescence leaves her mother as if shehas ripped herself apart from her mother and struggles to be herself, feeling pain caused by theprocess.departmental bulletin pape
A Supreme Court Grand Bench Ruling on a Lawsuit Claiming the Unconstitutionality of the Japanese Citizenship Law : An Attempt to Utilize the Case in Citizenship Education
Get PDFP(論文)The Supreme Court Grand Bench under the current Constitution for the8th time ruled the unconstitutionality of the Japanese Citizenship Law on June 4,2008. The significance of the case is that it secured equal rights as Japanese citizensfor children born out of wedlock to a Japanese father and a mother of a differentnationality. This particular case was chosen in order to explore the possibilities ofusing it to help students better understand the need for equality and security in regardto all minors' rights in a just society.departmental bulletin pape
The Actual Implication of the Political Philosophy of Immanuel Kant : Centering on Toward Perpetual Peace
Get PDFP(論文)Since ancient times people have tried to prevent another war, whenever one came to an end. Some ofthe peace systems like the Concert of Europe have proved to be relatively effective in preventing anotherlarge-scale war in the 19th century. After World War II the so-called theory of Mutual AssuredDestruction, based on the balance of nuclear capabilities on both the US and the Soviet Union sides, hascontributed to a `long peace'. After the demise of the Cold War, the world community has not yet inventeda reliable security system to cope with new types of security threat such as international terrorism.Immanuel Kant wrote in 1795 his representative book of political philosophy titled Zum ewigenFrieden (Toward Perpetual Peace). His insightful propositions and suggestions on the eternal peaceretain validity theoretically and also in the context of practical application in the 21th century.First of all the idea of foedus pacificum (pacific union) became reality in the form of the League ofthe Nations and of the United Nations, whereas his negating view on the legitimation of war in certaincases authorized in terms of international law by Hugo Grotius is now incorporated in the UnitedNations Charter. His conviction that the republican system (which is tantamount to today's representativedemocracy) is more peaceful than authoritarian systems is empirically endorsed by many contemporarypolitical scientists like Bruce Russett. His historical perspective on the Weltbürgerrecht (cosmopolitanlaw) has also acquired growing importance in the international law systems in today's world.Needless to say, the theory of Kant is not immune from deficiencies and shortcomings, in particular,because of differences in political, economic, and social conditions between the 18th century and today.Apart from those time-bound limitations, there are also some controversial and inconsistent pointswhich many scholars are discussing still today in a lively way. The greatest controversy is Kant's idea ofpacific union as a means of combating the state of "the war of all against all".Whatever imperfections there might be, Kant's far-sighted suggestions for perpetual peace arethought-provoking. Kant succeeded in unifying his political philosophy with moral philosophy and historicalphilosophy in this masterpiece.departmental bulletin pape
Perspectives of Thanatology as a Comprehensive Study
Get PDFToyo Eiwa University opened in 1989 and celebrates its 20th anniversary in 2009. Taking advantage of the characteristics of the university with professorates from various fields of Human and Social Sciences for “interdisciplinary” researches and education, The Institute of Thanatology was founded in 2003. It has been undertaking research activities as well as open courses since 2004, and has been publishing research reports in the Annual of the Institute of Thanatology.
In the 1960’s, Thanatology (Death Studies) was established as an academic field in the West to resolve the contradictions brought about by modern Medicine, which had increasing control over death and dying in hospitals. For Thanatology, we need all-round knowledge about human beings as well as their background (i.e. their culture, religion, history, society, education, and so forth). We also need all kinds of science: basic, human, social, natural, and clinical. To make these disciplines interact, Thanatology should not take the conventional interdisciplinary approach but rather, a new comprehensive one.Researchers of Thanatology need to be specialists but, at the same time open to other fields, ready toengage in dialogues with those in other disciplines.
In Japan, Thanatology, translated, “Shisei-gaku (Death and Life Studies)” was established during the 1980’s. Consequently, as it is able to include the whole gamut of Human Studies, it is a more comprehensive discipline than in other countries. It will continue growing through innumerable encounters with other disciplines and paradigm shifts occurring within it. Our Institute would like to further contribute to Thanatology by specific and concrete researches and a diversity of open courses.departmental bulletin pape