Toyo Eiwa University Repository / 東洋英和女学院大学学術リポジトリ
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Folk Roots of Miyazaki's Howl's Moving Castle : The Girl from Ubakawa and the Boy from Tanishi Musuko
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The Repatriation Process of Japanese Expeditionary Forces Southern Region after the Termination of the Pacific War in 1945 through 1948
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Reexamination of the Notion of “Ego-identity” in Development: Concerning the Concepts of “Identity” and “Identification”
Get PDFThis study aims to relativize the notion of “ego-identity” proposed by Erikson as a
psychosociological developmental task during adolescence. For that purpose, I investigated the concepts of “identity” and “identification” and examined the
condition of self/ego in human development, using the ideas of “non-identity” by T. Adorno, “élan vital” by H. Bergson and “rhizome” by G. Deleuze.
Moreover, from the developmental aspect, I considered “sameness” and “continuity” in Erikson’s “ego-identity” and indicated that, in the investigation of ego-identity, it is effective to incorporate the following opposite concepts: non-identical matters, diversity, and fluidity.departmental bulletin pape
Maha Sila Viravongs : An Instrumental Role Played for De-colonisation, Unification of Cultural Identity in Laos
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Victor E. Frankl Yoru to Kiri (Man’s Serach for Meaning) revisited : How the psychiatrist lived his fate
Get PDFA worldwide best seller Yoru to Kiri (the original German title : EIN PSYCHOLOGE ERLEBT DAS KONZENTRATIONSLAGER, the Enlish title: Man’s Search for Meaning) was written by a Jewish psychiatrist Viktor E. Frankl. It was first translated into Japanese by Tokuji Shimoyama, a clinical psychologist and a professor emeritus at Sophia University (an ex-professor of Toyo Eiwa University). Since its publication, it has been read by many people over generations. The book has tremendous power to
inspire and to encourage. After he was released from the Nazi concentration camps, he continued to work as a psychiatrist, taught at universities, gave lectures around the world, and lived to be 92. He is a miraculous psychiatrist and a psychologist of a kind that cannot be found anywhere.
The aim of this paper was to re-read Yoru to Kiri and examine both from the perspective of modern trauma psychology (1) what kind of psychological reactions, defense mechanisms or coping behaviors Frankl resorted to while he was imprisoned in the Nazi concentration camps, (2) how he overcame the trauma and adapted to his life after the war, and by referencing some literature on his life and on Holocaust survivors’ psychology, (3) what kind of defense mechanisms or coping behaviors were effective in surviving extreme situations.
Results:(1) It was found that Frankl showed at least some traumatic symptoms: extreme fear, denial or undoing, dissociation, repetitive and intrusive reactions (nightmares and obsession) , paralyzed or limited emotions, reduced interests, irritability and anger. The nightmares persisted till his ninties. (2) Frankl was not only using the coping behaviors as the Holocaust survivors in the literature, but he 82 was also rich in resources: intelligence, being a psychiatrist, warm and loving family elationships, and Jewish faith. More than anything, he supported himself by his firm convi ction that the life is worthwhile living no matter how harsh it may be.
Conclusion: Frankl may have been a gifted person in many ways. But more than anything, he was willing, instead of giving in to the “fate”, he was willing to take responsibility to find the right answers and fulfill the tasks given to him. He lived with this belief all his life and has been other people’s lives meaningful.departmental bulletin pape
The Effectiveness of U.S. Financial Sanctions in the International Financial System
Get PDFThis article examines the effectiveness of U.S. financial sanctions against North Korea in the international financial system. Two techniques of financial sanctions are used by the U.S. Department of the Treasury. First, The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) of the Department of the Treasury freezes assets of the country and of specific individual nationals. The second technique is conducted by the Financial Crime Enforcement Network (FinCEN), a bureau of the Department of the Treasury. This article examines the effectiveness of US financial sanctions against North Korea by the USA Patriot and OFAC, and the influence on banks outside the United States through the analysis of the function of freezing assets in the international financial system.departmental bulletin pape
