Toyo Eiwa University Repository / 東洋英和女学院大学学術リポジトリ
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Russia and the Causes of the First World War
Get PDFThe debate on the origins of the First World War remains one of the most contested issues in the study of International History and International Relations (IR). Considering that almost a century has passed since the outbreak of the war, it is remarkable that the latest historiography, based on newly available primary sources, can still revitalize the debate and undermine some of the orthodoxinterpretations of the origins of the war. The controversy over the share of responsibilities for the outbreak of the war is typical of this trend. Instead of excessively focusing on Germany as the single prime mover in 1914, many recent historical researches consider a reapportionment of responsibilities among the European great powers for starting the Great War. Taking recent developments into account, this article seeks to examine and evaluate the role of Russia in the origins of the war from a theoretical perspective. The first section of the article traces the development of tensions between Russia and the Central Powers. The second section examines whether major IR theories, such as the offense-defense theory and the preventive war theory, can apply to the Russia's case from the defeat of Russo-Japanese war to the outbreak of the First World War. This article does not intend to demonstrate that Russia should bear the sole responsibility forstarting the First World War. However, even this brief study proves convincingly that Russia played a greater role on the outbreak of the First World War than is generally acknowledged in the recent literature of IR theories.departmental bulletin pape
The New Educational Method and Technology in Elementary School : Through the Construction and Use of School Library Website in Elementary School
Get PDFThe new educational method and technology in elementary school have been discussed, especially from the viewpoint of construction and use of school library website.
In order to clarify the problems and future perspective of education in elementary school in Japan, we describe the idea of education in new elementary course of study and the meaning of information education.
Then, the contents in school library websites in U.S.A. are analyzed by comparison with CIRRI (Core Information Reference Research Instructional) Contents Model, which is proposed as the model for contents in the school library website.
Furthermore, we have proposed the fundamental guidelines about the construction and use of the school library websites in Japanese elementary schools, which are useful in information literacy instruction and school lessons through the use of ICT (Information and Communication Technology).departmental bulletin pape
Views of Life and Death in the Ghost Tales of the Edo Period
Get PDFMany people would probably agree that ghosts are one of the most interesting subjects in Japanese thought and culture, and a subject that has always drawn interest from abroad. In addition to considering the remarkable popularity the ghost theme has enjoyed, another interesting perspective presents itself which involves a comparison of the ghost-related culture in different societies of the world. Because death is a universal phenomenon, the problem of the unhappy dead and ghosts appears throughout the world, across both geographical and temporal boundaries. Therefore, with ghosts being established as an important focus for scholarship, the author offers one perspective on the topic in this paper. In this article, the question of why ghosts and ghost-related culture came to be so popular in the Edo period will be addressed.
It goes without saying that fearful tales of the dead have been told in all periods and places. On the Japanese archipelago, however, the majority of these tales have their origins in the early modern period or later. Why is it that ghost stories and tales of the supernatural in Japan emerged predominantly in the early modern and modern periods, when society was undergoing a process of secularization? The author will answer this question by a comparison of the customs of the Japanese medieval and early modern periods, taking account of the changes which occurred relating to tombs and funerary practices. In searching for the cause of the large-scale emergence of ghosts in the early modern period, the author will also highlight the shift in Japanese cosmology which occurred between the medieval and early modern periods.departmental bulletin pape
Class Plan of our relationship with the deceased
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to help primary school children feel a relationship with the deceased. I believe that the theme of moral education is important.I do not think that the deceased should simply be forgotten. However, for elementary school children, the themes of death and the deceased, or discussions or thoughts about them, seem to lie heavily on the minds of children.Therefore, in this morals class, I want to present these topics as lightly as possible. In the first halt of the class for elementary school children, I would like to examine the relationship
between children and historical figures. In the second half, I would like to consider the relationship between children and their pets that have died. The last question of the class concerns the destination of a dead pet. Diverse responses relating to
morals or religion are expected. Children are thought to have their own ideas, all of which I would like to acknowledge.departmental bulletin pape
Assessing the Student’s Suitability for Study Abroad: Common problems in Selection interviews
Get PDFAt many educational institutions study abroad applicants must undergo a screening process before being accepted into the program. The process typically involves the review of the application documents and an interview which assess the applicant’s suitability or readiness for study abroad. In particular, great importance is often placed on the interview. This interview, however, is not always perfect in making an accurate
and fair evaluation of the applicants because of the potential problems in the interview’s format and the evaluation criteria as well as the biases interviewers frequent fall prey to.
In this article, we will analyze the problems found in the typical interviewing process and discuss what can be done to improve it so we can make a fair and more accurate assessment of the applicants.departmental bulletin pape
The Rise and Characteristics of the New Radical Right in the Netherlands
Get PDFThe rise of the new radical right in Western European political parties started in the late 1980s and is now expanding across Europe. While causes of the rise of the new radical right vary in each county, a common characteristic of many radical right parties is their exclusive stance toward the immigration issue. Has the expanding support for these radical right parties across Europe resulted from an
increasing sense of xenophobia among European citizens against immigrants? Or has it resulted from the radical right parties’ usual tactic of gaining public support by expressing negative opinions on the immigration issue in order to acquire political legitimacy? This paper aims to clarify the rise of the radical right in the Netherlands in and after 2000. Focusing on two parties, Lijst Pim Fortuyn and Partij voor de Vrijheid, the study identifies characteristics of the radical right in Netherlands. Especially, it reviews and examines changes in Dutch society, including globalization and the expansion of the EU since the 1990s, in order to trace structural changes in the Dutch political system and examine the ways in which such changes are linked to the rise of the radical right. The paper also examines causes of the expansion of public support for the new radical right: why
it has been able to gain public support by proclaiming itself to be anti-immigration and anti-Muslim, despite the fact that most radical right candidates have historically been avoided by most citizens and treated as fringe candidates since the Second World War. In addition, the paper clarifies how the immigration issue in Dutch society has affected the radical right and how the radical right has gained
the support of voters, including the arguments used by the radical right to acquire political legitimacy for its anti-immigration and anti-Muslim stance.departmental bulletin pape
Contrasting Perceived Japanese Views of Death and Lift in Arguments about Brain Death and Organ Transplants with European and American Views
Get PDF誤植訂正のためPDF差し替え(2015年4月22日）departmental bulletin pape
Understanding the Role of Practicum Instructor and Supervisor Feedback in Improving the Instruction System : A Qualitative Analysis Based on Students' Diaries on Advanced Practice
Get PDFThis paper aims to evaluate student learning in social welfare practicums using the Grounded Theory Approach, which is a qualitative research method. The principle data was gathered from practicum diaries kept by students in their third year who had completed their required social welfare practicum in order to become licensed social workers, and during their 10-12 day advanced practicum at clinics in their senior year. In this paper, the principal data gathered from practicum diaries was analyzed
focusing on instructors’ feedback to students. As a result, a core category, “using words with a clear understanding of one’s role,” and a different aim in two sub-core categories, “attention to students’ personality,” and “attention to program details,” were formed.
The results demonstrated that supervision with feedback on entries in students’ practicum diaries was consistent with the instruction system. Furthermore, such feedback appeared to positively affect the instructors’ understanding of their role, and the quality and effectiveness of the program.departmental bulletin pape
The Foreign Policy of Egyptian President Mubarak : Diplomacy over the Iraq War
Get PDFWhen U.S. President George W. Bush began preparing war against Iraq after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2011, some countries supported US policy, while others opposed war without a United Nations resolution. How did U.S. ally in the Middle East, Egypt, respond? The purpose of this thesis is to conduct empirical research on Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak's foreign policy through examining his attitude towards the US initiative on the Iraq war. The analytical framework consists of three levels: the domestic level, the U.S. and European level, and the Middle East region level. As conversations and documents inside the Egyptian government have not been open to the public, this study relies on an analysis of interviews and speeches given by President Mubarak between January 2002 and March 2003. Since the peace treaty with Israel was concluded during the Sadat administration under U.S. mediation, Egypt had been receiving economic and military assistance amounting to two billion U.S. dollars annually, in return for supporting US foreign policy in the Middle East. Meanwhile, the discontent of the Egyptian people was growing due to the deterioration of the Palestine situation. If more Arab blood would be shed in Iraq, escalation of the opposition movement against the government was feared. Mubarak tried to persuade the United States not to attack Iraq, while exerting efforts not to strain the country's friendly relations with the United States. Facing diplomatic problems, Mubarak achieved accountability internally and externally through delivering speeches and accepting interviews frequently. The characteristics of Mubarak's speeches were presenting the principles of his policies, stating his opinions clearly and confidently, and consistency in his speeches over time. Mubarak also utilized a variety of diplomatic assets such as the strategically important Suez Canal, various diplomatic channels, the role of mediation, provision of terrorist information, and his initiative for denuclearizing the Middle East region. Although Mubarak did not support the US- led war, both relations with the United States and domestic stability were maintained, and the Mubarak administration lasted until 2011.departmental bulletin pape